山东省高考英语二轮复习 专题整合突破五 动词和动词短语.doc

2013年高考第二轮复习英语山东版五、动词和动词短语真题试做1(2011山东高考，25)they are broadening the bridge to _ the flow of traffic.aput offbspeed upcturn on dwork out2(2010山东高考，27)sam _ some knowledge of the computer just by watching others working on it.abrought up blooked upcpicked up dset up3(2010山东高考，31)your house is always so neathow do you _ it with three children?amanage bservecadapt dconstruct4(2009山东高考，26) do you have enough to _all your daily expenses?oh yes，enough and to spare.acover bspendcfill doffer5(2009山东高考，31) amy joined a painting group but didnt seem to _，so she left.ashow off bgo upcfit in dcome over考向分析1考查常见动词和动词短语的词义辨析。强调语言的情景化，把动词和动词短语的区别放在鲜活的语境中进行考查，突出在具体语境中进行意义选择的测试。2考查常见动词的搭配。特别是同一动词和不同的副词或介词构成的短语的辨析，或者不同的动词和同一副词或介词构成的短语的辨析。如take/make/turn/come/hold/bring/ keep/leave/hand等一些高频动词与out/off/up/over/about/down/on/in等副词搭配构成的短语含义。3考查常见动词及其短语的新义，也就是我们所说的“熟词生义”；动词的一词多义也是考查的重点。要在具体的语境中灵活地使用。热点例析考点一：动词词义辨析这类试题的四个选项往往结构相同，词形或意义相近。要做好这类试题，必须从各个动词的语义差别、用法特点等方面入手，然后结合题意选用合适的动词。【典例分析】 (2012江西高考，30)we were all agreed that the cottage would _ a perfect holiday home for the family.amakebturnctake dhave答案为a项。句意：我们一致认为，那所小农舍将会成为一家人度假的完美居所。make在此意为“成为”。(2012浙江高考，12)according to scientists，our mental abilities begin to _ from the age of 27 after reaching the highest level at 22.adiffer bshrinkcfail ddecline答案为d项。句意：据科学家们说，我们大脑的能力在22岁达到最高水平后，从27岁开始下降。differ意为“不同，有异”；shrink意为“变小，减少，收缩”；fail意为“(健康、体力、视力等)衰退，减弱”；decline意为“下降，衰退，减退”。根据句意分析，“达到最高点后”应该是“下降”，所以选d项。考点二：常见动词的固定搭配有些动词与其宾语有固定的搭配和习惯用法，还有些动词后跟宾语补足语时，与不定式或某些介词有固定的搭配。要做好这类试题，关键是通过分析句子结构，弄清题意，然后根据结构和句意选择符合固定搭配或习惯用法的动词。【典例分析】 (2011辽宁高考，24)you are old enough to _ your own living.awin bgainctake dearn答案为d项。earn ones living意为“谋生”，为固定搭配。句意：你长大了，可以自谋生路了。考点三：连系动词的用法连系动词没有进行时和被动语态，后面常接形容词、名词、分词或不定式等作表语。这类动词常见的有：appear，become，feel，look，sound，seem，taste，prove，remain，stay，smell，grow，turn，go，come，fall，stand，lie，exist等。要做好这类试题，首先要弄清题意，然后分析句子结构，判断出该动词是否用作连系动词，最后确定所要填入的答案。【典例分析】 (2010四川高考，6)some people eat with their eyes.they prefer to order what _ nice.alooks bsmellscfeels dtastes答案为a项。四个选项均为连系动词。look意为“看起来”；smell意为“闻起来”；feel意为“摸起来”；taste意为“尝起来”。根据前一句“用眼睛”可知，应选a项。考点四：同一动词和不同的副词或介词构成的短语的辨析这类试题的四个选项都是由同一个动词加不同的副词或介词构成。从历年高考试题来看，那些搭配能力强、语义丰富的常用动词短语是命题的重点对象。要做好这类试题，一定要在理解语境的基础上，从语义逻辑、固定搭配、前后关系等角度去确定答案。【典例分析】 (2012课标全国高考，27)mary is really good at taking notes in class.she can_almost every word her teacher says.aput out bput downcput away dput together答案为b项。put out意为“长出，熄灭，扑灭，出版”；put down意为“把放下，镇压，平息，写下，记下”；put away意为“把收起来放好”；put together意为“把放在一起，组合”。根据句意判断应选b项，表示“她几乎能记下老师说的每一个字”。考点五：不同的动词和同一副词或介词构成的短语的辨析这类试题的四个选项是由不同的动词加相同的介词或副词构成。要做好这类试题，首先还是要弄清题意，然后选出符合题意和句子结构需要的动词短语。【典例分析】 (2012四川高考，20)its surprising that your brother_russian so quicklyhe hasnt lived there very long.apicked up blooked upcput up dmade up答案为a项。pick up在此意为“无意中获得或学到”。句意：你哥哥学俄语如此之快让人感到惊讶他在那里生活了没有多长时间。look up意为“仰望，尊敬”；put up意为“建造，搭起”；make up意为“组成，构成，弥补”。(2012湖北高考，24)im so glad youve come here to_ this matter in person.alead to bsee tocturn to drefer to答案为b项。句意：我很高兴你亲自来这里处理这个事件。lead to意为“导致，通往”；see to意为“处理，料理”；turn to意为“转向，求助”；refer to意为“提及，查阅，参考”。考点六：不同动词构成的动词短语的辨析这类试题的四个选项是由四个不同的动词构成的动词短语。要做好这类试题，关键是根据题干的意思，选出符合题意的动词短语。【典例分析】 (2012辽宁高考，26)rod loves _ clocks.however，he never manages to put them together again.ataking apart bgiving awaycmaking up dturning off答案为a项。句意：罗德喜欢将钟表拆开。然而，他从来不能将它们再次组装起来。take apart意为“拆开，拆卸”；give away意为“分发，赠送”；make up意为“构成，弥补，化装，编造”；turn off意为“关闭”。根据句意判断a项正确。(2012安徽高考，28)the athletes years of hard training _ when she finally won the olympic gold medal. awent on bgot throughcpaid off dended up答案为c项。go on意为“(时间)过去，开始运行，继续，进行”；get through意为“完成，通过，接通(电话)”；pay off意为“还清(债务)，得到好结果，取得成功”；end up意为“结束，结尾，停止”。句意：当这位运动员获得了奥运金牌时，她多年辛苦的训练终于有了回报。由句意可知，c项正确。考点七：“动词副词/名词介词”短语的辨析这类试题的四个选项要么是四个不同动词，但副词相同、介词不同的动词短语；要么是四个动词相同、副词相同、介词不同的动词短语。要做好这类试题，弄清题意诚然重要，但还要注意该短语的尾词是介词、副词还是不定式符号to，切忌想当然。【典例分析】 (2012江苏高考，26)ok，ive had enough of it.i give up.you cant _ your responsibilities.arun off withbrun up againstcrun out ofdrun away from答案为d项。run off with意为“偷走”；run up against意为“遇到”；run out of意为“用完，耗尽”；ran away from意为“从逃离，回避”。后半句句意：你不能逃脱你自己的责任。误区警示1近义动词或形近动词的易错点(2012湖北高考，22)finally，my thanks go to my tutor，who has offered a lot of suggestions and comments on my paper and_ every page of my draft.aapproved bquotedcpolished dfolded【错混透析】c句意：最后，我要向我的导师表示感谢，他为我的论文提供了很多建议和意见，并为我的草稿的每一页都进行了润色。approve意为“支持，赞同”；quote意为“引用，引述”；polish意为“改进，润色”；fold意为“折叠，对折”。【解题指导】 对于同义动词或近义动词的辨析，首先要弄清楚每个动词的意义和用法区别，然后结合具体的语境确定正确答案。对于形近动词，平时要注意观察区分。2同一动词构成不同短语的易错点(2012陕西高考，19)he had to pause from time to time to wipe the sweat from his forehead，because the airconditioning system _.abroke in bbroke upcbroke out dbroke down【错混透析】d句意：他不得不时不时地停下来擦擦头上的汗，因为空调坏了。break in意为“插话”；break up意为“打碎；(学校)放假”；break out意为“爆发；发生”；break down意为“出毛病了；不运转了”。根据句意可知应选d项。【解题指导】 由同一动词加介词或副词构成的短语，在历年高考都会有许多考查。该类题目考生容易混淆短语的意义，因此平时学习中一定要有丰厚的词汇储备，明确这些短语的不同意义，然后结合语境和句意作出正确选择。3同一介词或副词构成的短语的易错点(2012湖北高考，23)walking alone in the dark，the boy whistled to_ his courage.ahold up bkeep upcset up dtake up【错混透析】b句意：独自一个人走在黑暗中，男孩吹起口哨来为自己壮胆。keep up ones courage 意为“鼓足勇气”。造成该题错选的原因是不熟悉与ones courage搭配的动词短语。【解题指导】 介词或副词与不同的动词构成不同的短语，表达不同的含义。因此，归纳并熟记由同一介词或副词构成的短语，是解答该类题目的关键。1(2012山东济宁梁山二中月考，27) those who tend to _ to their fate are sure not to make any achievements.asubmit bsubscribeccorrespond dapply 2(2012山东泰安期末，26) the new movie _ to be one of the biggest moneymakers of all time.apromises bagreescpretends dintends3franks ability to learn from observation and experience _ greatly to his success in public life.aowed bcontributed cattached drelated4as the famous saying _，two heads are better than one.amentions bgoesctells dinstructs5(2012山东莱芜期末，26) will a pencil _？ im afraid not.only a pen can be used in the exam.acount bfitcdo dsatisfy6the work has _ the status of a classic among the composers admirers.arequired bacquiredcinquired dinspired7the famous star is coming to our city to _ his new movie.aoffend bexplorecpromote dreserve8(2012山东淄博六中二模，35) do you like the material? yes，it_ very soft.ais feeling bfeltcfeels dis felt9what worried the guide most was that some of the tourists _ the flu due to the tiring journey and the rainy weather.acaught up withbcame up withccame down withddid away with10my friend majored in computer in college and she can _ many computer problems.aget out bpick outctake out dsort out11(2012山东诸城月考，31) jenny works hard as usual and it has _.she got the first in the final exam again.ashowed off bpaid backcpaid off dturned up12i had a hard time _ this novel.i share your feeling.who can remember the names of over 100 different characters?agetting through bgetting overcgetting off dgetting away13(2012山东潍坊寿光现代中学一模，30)“does the name on the envelope _ the name on the letter inside？” asked mr.black.acorrespond with bappeal tocrespond to drely on14the meal over，the managers went back to the meeting room to _ their discussion.aput away btake downclook over dcarry on15dont be so discouraged.if you _ such feelings，you will do better next time.acarry on bget backcbreak down dput away参考答案五、动词和动词短语命题调研明晰考向真题试做1b考查动词短语辨析。put off “推迟”；speed up“加速”；turn on“打开”；work out“解决，计算出”。句意：他们在拓宽桥面以使车流加速。故b项正确。2c考查动词短语辨析。bring up“教育，提出，培养，呕吐”；look up“向上看，查阅”； pick up“学会，捡起，拾起”；set up“搭起，竖起，建立”。句意为“萨姆只是通过看别人操作电脑就学会了不少电脑知识”。由句意可知，c项正确。3a考查动词词义辨析。manage“设法，控制，管理，经营”；serve“服务，服役”；adapt“使适应，改编”；construct“创立，建造”。句意为“你家总是那么整洁你是怎样带着三个孩子打理得那么好的”？由句意可知a项正确。4a考查动词词义的辨析。cover“(指钱)够付(费用)”。句意：“你的钱足够你日常开支吗？”“当然了。足够并且有节余。”spend “花费”；fill “填充”；offer “(主动)提供”。5c考查动词短语的辨析。fit in“相处融洽，合得来”。句意“艾米加入了一个绘画小组，可是她好像相处得不融洽，所以就离开了”。show off “炫耀，卖弄”；go up “上升，上涨”；come over “顺便来访”，a、b、d三项都不符合句意。创新模拟预测演练1asubmit to意为“屈从于，甘受”；subscribe to意为“同意，赞成”；correspond意为“与符合，相当于”；apply to意为“向申请，适用于”。根据句意判断应选a项，表示“向命运屈服的那些人”。2apromise意为“允诺，有指望”；agree意为“同意，答应”；pretend意为“假装”；intend意为“打算，企图”。句意：这部新电影有望成为史上最赚钱的电影之一。3bowe to意为“归功于”；contribute to意为“有助于，促成”；attach to意为“使附属”；relate to意为“涉及，了解”。句意：“弗兰克从观察和体验中学习的能力非常有利于他在公众生活中的成功。”4bgo可表示“(语言等)说，表达”，as.goes为常用句型，表示“正如所说的”。5ccount意为“有重要意义，有价值”；fit意为“(衣服)合身，适合”；do意为“足够，适合，行”；satisfy意为“令人满意，令人满足”。根据语境判断应选c项，表示“铅笔行吗？”6brequire意为“需要，要求，命令”；acquire意为“获得，取得，学到”；inquire意为“询问，打听”；inspire意为“激发，鼓舞，启示，使产生灵感”。根据句意判断应选b项，表示“该作品在作曲者的倾慕者中获得了经典作品的地位”。7coffend意为“冒犯，触怒”；explore意为“探测，探险”；promote意为“推销，宣传，晋升”；re