2012体系构建讲义.doc

高考专项讲解 张嵩涛代词高频代词Some something/someoneAny anything/anyoneMany MuchFew LittleA fewA littleOtherOthers Some .others Some.the others One the othersOne.the otherOneanotherAnother 1.2Both /either/neitherAll/each/noneEveryEach代词常考点考查范围1.-John, when shall we meet again, Thursday or Friday? -_.Ill be off to London then.A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None2.Sophia waited for a reply, but _ came.A. either B. another C. neither D. none3. Larry asks Bill and Peter to go on a picnic with him, but_ of them wants to, because they have work to do.A. either B. anyC. neither D. none4. They produced two reports, _ of which contained any useful suggestions.A. eitherB. allC. noneD. neither考查句中名词的重复出现性1.His children are well-behaved while _of his sister are rude .A.those B.that C.ones D.it 2.Studying Wendys menu, I found that many of the items are similar to _ of McDonalds.A. those B. one C. any D. all3.Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment,_ I will always treasure.thatoneitwhat4.Helping others is a habit, _ you can learn even at an early age. A. it B. that C. what D. oneIt 的用法1 2 1.【2012四川】2. New technologies have made _ possible to turn out new products faster and at a lower cost.A. that B. this C. one D. it 2.【2012陕西】13. No matter where he is, he makes _ a rule to go for a walk before breakfast.A. him B. this C. that D. it 3.(2011天津卷,1）We feel our duty to make our country a better place.A. it B. this C. that D. one4.(2011山东卷,24) The two girls are so alike that strangers find _ difficult to tell one from the other.A. it B. them C. her D. thatone与it的区别1. Ive just seen no more than one copy of Gone with the Wind in the bookshop opposite. Tom, go and buy _ back. A. one B. any C. it D. some2.（2011浙江温州十校联考）4We needed a new cupboard(柜橱) for the kitchenSo Peter made _ _ from some wood we had. Ait Bone Chimself Danother 3.(2011福建卷,21）We have various summer camps for your holidays. You can choose _ based on your own interests. A. either B. each C. one D. it none 与 nobody ,nothing 区别1.The children were catching butterflies in the garden. Some caught a lot, and others caught _ at all. A. nothing B. none C. no one D. neither2.2011重庆师大附中第一次月考）25.Of all the books on the desk, _D_ is of any use for our studyA. nothingB. no oneC. neitherD. none3.Because they hadnt booked a room in advance, there were _ left when they arrived at the hotel.AnoneBno one CNobodyDnothing4.whenever I am in trouble , there is_ I can turn to . A .none B nobody C. who D. those 5.My brother would like to buy a good watch but _ was available from that shop.A. nothing B. none C. no one D. neither巩固练习1.Sarah made _ to the airport just in time to catch her plane this morning.A. herself B. this C. that D. it2.John, when shall we meet again, Thursday or Friday? -_.Ill be off to London then.A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None3. Larry asks Bill and Peter to go on a picnic with him, but_ of them wants to, because they have work to do.A. either B. any C. neither D. none4. -Have you figured out how much the trip will cost?-$4,000, or _ like that.A. anything B. everything C. something D. nothing5. No matter where he is, he makes _ a rule to go for a walk before breakfast.A. him B. this C. that D. it 6. When you are done with the book, just give it to Lucy or Helen or _.A. whoever B. wherever C. whatever D. however7. My brother would like to buy a good watch but _ was available from that shop.A. nothing B. none C. no one D. neither8. If youre buying todays paper from the stand, could you get _ for me?A. one B. such C. this D. that9. New technologies have made _ possible to turn out new products faster and at a lower cost.A. that B. this C. one D. it 10. Studying Wendys menu, I found that many of the items are similar to _ of McDonalds.A. those B. one C. any D. all11. Sophia waited for a reply, but _ came.A. either B. another C. neither D. none12. I got this bicycle for _ ; my friend gave it to me when she bought a new one.A. everything B. something C. anything D. nothing13. The employment rate has continued to rise in big cities thanks to the efforts of the local governments to increase _. A. themB. thoseC. itD. that14. To stay awake, he finished a cup of coffee and ordered _.A. the otherB. otherC. the othersD. another15. The two girls are so alike that strangers find _ difficult to tell one from the other.A. it B. them C. her D. that16. Surprisingly, Susans beautiful hair reached below her knees and made_ almost an overcoat for her.A. them B. her C. itself D. herself 17. We have various summer camps for your holidays, you can choose _ based on your own interests. A. either B. each C. one D. it 18. There is _ in his words. W e should have a try. A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything19.- Would you like tea or coffee? - _, thank you. Ive just had some water.A. Either B. Both C. Any D. Neither20. We feel _ our duty to make our country a better place.A. it B. this C. that D. one21.-Would you get me a bar of chocolate from the kitchen, dear?- _ one? A. Other B. Every C. Another D. More22.Silly me! I forget what my luggage looks like.What do you think of _ over there?A. the one B. this C.it D.that23.I know that _ would ever discourage him; he would never give up wanting to be a director. A. something B. anything C. everything D.nothing 24. When you introduce me to Mr. Johnson, could you please say for me? （10福建）高考资源网A. everythingB. anything C. somethingD. nothing高考资源网25. If our parents do everything for us children, we wont learn to depend on （10上海）A. themselves B. them C. us D. ourselves26. You are a team star! Working with_ is really your cup of tea. （10安徽）A. both B. either C. others D. the other27. Helping others is a habit, _ you can learn even at an early age. （10山东） A. it B. that C. what D. one动词动词的时态与语态A 种类一般 进行完成B 基本用法一般现在一般过去一般将来过去将来现在完成过去完成进行时用法ABC一般将来过去将来现在完成一般过去现在完成现在完成进行过去完成过去将来非谓语动词1定 义：2分 类：3否 定 形 式：4时态与 语态 ：A.不定式的时态与语态 a 一般式：b 进行式：. c 完成式： 主 动被 动一般式进行式/完成式B 动名词与分词a一般式b完成式主 动被 动一般式完成式5句子中的功能主宾 表 定 状补同不定式动名词分 词A 动名词与不定式作主语的区别上哈弗是我最大的梦想。 在海里游泳是非常危险的。帮助他人是种美德。 照顾小孩需要极大的耐心。和你聊天简直就是浪费时间。 Wh + to do B 不定式与动名词作宾语的区别1) 常见用不定式作宾语的动词:want, wish, like, decide, help, ask, agree, afford, arrange, care, determine, fail, guarantee, hesitate, hope, hurry, manage, offer, pretend, promise, seek, prepare, refuse, swear, expect, plan, would like, make up ones mind, be determined 2）常见动词或动词短语之后只接动名词作宾语 advise, allow, admit, appreciate, avoid, consider(考虑), delay, dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, forgive, imagine, keep mind, miss(错过), practice, permit, risk, resist, suggest, cant help(情不自禁)，cant stand(无法忍受), give up, feel like, put off, be busy, keep on, insist on, look forward to, stick to, devote to, get down to, be used to, object to, have difficulty / trouble (in), have a good time (in)3）后面都能加但是意思不同的有 4）动词不定式和动名词做真正宾语我发现和你聊天就是浪费时间 我认为学英语挺有意思的 C 不定式，动名词与分词作表语的区别 My dream is to go to harward My job is teaching . My job is challenging . The news is inspiring. To see is to believe. Seeing is believing . Loving you is loving myself. D 不定式与分词补足语的区别:常用的动词为感官动词：feel, hear, listen to, see, watch, look at, observe, notice, find 使役动词：have, make, get, keep, leave, catch We saw the teacher doing the experiment. (see sb. do 区别) He tried to make himself understood.区别：感官动词+ to do 主动,全过程 Doing/being done 主动/ 被动,正在进行 done 被动，完成使役动词make sb/sth. do let sb. do have sb/sth do done doing doneget sb.sth. to do doingdone在感官动词feel, hear, listen to, see, look, notice, watch, observe, overhear（偷听）和使makelet, have等后的补语中， 不定式不带to， 但这些句子变成被动结构时， 就必须带to I often hear him sing the song.He is often heard to sing the song.E不定式，动名词与分词作定语的区别 候车室 游泳池 阅览室 煎锅 燃烧的激情 燃尽的蜡烛 落叶 飘雪 逝去的青春 正在建的大楼 上周出版的书 要做的事情 能吃的东西 能做的椅子 能住的房子 下周召开的会议 可以依靠的肩膀 可以公事的伙伴 F.不定式与分词作状语的区别 I came here to see you. We were excited to hear the news. He hurried to the school (only) to find nobody there To be a winner ,you ve got to try your best and give all you ve got . Being ill ,he had to stay home to have a good rest. While reading the book, he nodded from time to time. “Cant you read?” He said angrily, pointing to the notice. They lay on the grass ,watching the stars shining in the sky. The accident happened, killing three. Having been told many times, the still couldnt understand it Taken 3 times a day, the medicine will have a good effect. The teacher came into the classroom, followed by some students. The teacher came into the classroom, following some students. 练习:1) When _ different cultures, we often only pay attention to the differences between them.A. compared B. being compared C. comparing D. having compared2) _ for the mistake she has made, Alice felt very sad. A. Blame B. Blamed C. Blaming D. To blame3) Football is played by many countries, _ it become the most popular game in the world. A. make B. making C. made D. to make4) He came into his office, _ by two guards. A. followed B. to follow C. follow D. following5) _ the lab, the vistors go on to see the playground. A. see B. seen C. seeing D. having seen6)_ with the sea of the whole earth, the biggest sea doesnt seem big at all. A. compare B. when comparing C. comparing D. when compared7) Never _ faith in herself, the scientist determined to go on making experiment. A. losing B. lose C. lost D. having lost8). _ in thought, he came into the classroom. A. Losing B. Lose C.LostD.Having lostG独立主格结构（作状语）分词（短语）作状语时，其逻辑主语必须和句子主语一致，若不一致，那么分词短语就需要有自己的逻辑主语，构成独立主格结构。其构成方法如下：名词代词(主格)+ to do 没有发生或即将发生的动作或态 doing 正在进行,主动 done 被动完成形容词（副词）/介词短语/名词Tod looked at the million-dollar note, his eyes (being) wide open.The teacher came in, a book in his hand./ book in hand.So much work to do, I will have to work this Sunday.So much work done, I had a nice holiday.So much work being done, I cant spare any minute.The test finished, well have our summer vaction.All the students having sat down, the lecture began.More time given, we can finish the work.有时一个分词短语可用来作状语解释整个句子，这时，这个分词的逻辑主语和句子的主语是不一致的，但还是不用独立结构。也可把这样的分词短语看作是一类插入语。Generally speaking, to learn a foreign language well is not an easy job.Judging by her dress, she must be a middle school student. frankly speaking, judging from/ by, talking of, considering that, supposing/suppose that, seeing that, providing/ provided that, given that 非谓语动词的答题技巧1 找到非谓语动词的逻辑主语2 看两者之间的主动被动关系3 最后确定时态（未作，已做，正在做）2012高考非谓语1.(2012全国卷I)28. The party will be held in the garden, weather _.A. permitting B. to permit C. permitted D. permit2.(2012全国卷I)32. Film has a much shorter history, especially when _ such art forms as music and painting.A. having compared to B. comparing to C. compare to D. compared to3.(2012全国卷II)10. Tony lent me the money, _ that Id do as much for him.A. hoping B. to hope C. hoped D. having hoped4.(2012全国卷II)15. The old man sat in front of the television every evening, happy _ anything that happened to be on.A. to watch B. watching C. watched D. to have watched5.(2012北京卷)23. One learns a language by making mistakes and _ them.A. corrects B. correct C. to correct D. correcting6.(2012北京卷)27. _ with care, one tin will last for six weeks.A. Use B. Using C. Used D. To use7.(2012北京卷)32. Birds singing is sometimes a warning to other birds _ away.A. to stay B. stayingC. stayedD. stay8.(2012上海卷)27. As Jack left his membership card at home, he wasnt allowed into the sports club. A. going B. to go C. go D. gone9.(2012上海卷)33. When Peter speaks in public, he always has trouble _ the right things to say. A. thinking of B. to think of C. thought of D. think of10.(2012上海卷)36. The club, _ _ 25 years ago, is holding a party for past and present members. A. founded B. founding C. being founded D. to be founded11.(2012上海卷) 39. Genius is a complicated concept, _ _ many different factors. A. involved B. involving C. to involve D. being involved12.(2012天津卷)11. He got up late and hurried to his office, _the breakfast untouched. A. leftB. to leave C. leaving D. having left13.(2012江苏卷) 31. _ an important decision more on emotion than on reason, you will regret it sooner or later. A. Based B. Basing C. Base D. To base 14.(2012安徽卷)24. I remembered _ the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights. A. locking B. to lock C. having locked D. to have locked 15.(2012安徽卷)30. When _ for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding.A. asking B. asked C. having asked D. to be asked16.(2012湖南卷) 21. Weve had a good start, but next, more work needs _ to achieve the final success.A. being done B. doC. to be doneD. to do17.(2012湖南卷)23. Time, _ correctly, is money in the bank.A. to use B. usedC. usingD. use18.(2012湖南卷)31. The lecture, _ at 7：00 pm last night, was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes.A. startingB. being startedC. to startD. to be started19.(2012福建卷)28.China recently tightened its waters controls near the Huangyan Island to prevent Chinese fishing boats from _in the South China Sea.A. attackingB. having attacked C. being attackedD. having been attacked20.(2012福建卷)34.Pressed from his parents，and _that he has wasted too much time, the boy is determined to stop playing video games.A. realizingB. realizedC. to realizeD. being realized21.(2012陕西卷)15._ in a long queue, we waited for the store to open to buy a New iPad.A. Standing B. To stand C.Stood D. Stand22.(2012陕西卷)22. If he takes on this work, he will have no choice but _ an even greater challenge.A. meets B. meeting C. meet D. to meet23.(2012山东卷)26. George returned after the war, only _ that his wife had left him. A. to be told B. telling C. being told D. told 24.(2012山东卷)35. After completing and signing it, please return the form to us in the envelope _. A. providing B. provided C. having provided D. provide25.(2012重庆卷)23. _ to work overtime that evening