2015江苏高考《考试说明》新增词汇(精讲).doc

2015江苏高考考试说明新增词汇deduce(v.)演绎;推断。Detectivesdeducedfromtheclueswhohadcommittedthecrime.侦探根据所掌握的线索推断出作案的人。anticipate(v.) 期望,预料；预见到（要发生的事）而采取措施:Doyouanticipate(meeting)anytrouble?你预料会有麻烦吗?Weanticipatedtheir(makinga)complaintbywritingafullreport.我们没等他们投诉而抢先写好了一份详尽的报告。assure(v.)确保；保险Iassureyoutheyllbeperfectlysafewithus.我向你保证,他们和我们在一起十分安全。Shewasabletoassureherselfthatnothinghadbeentakenfromherpurse.她确信钱包里什么东西都没被拿走。cease(v.)停止;中止:Theofficerorderedhismentoceasefire,iestopshooting.长官命令士兵停火（停止射击）。Thatdepartmenthasceasedtoexist.那部门已不复存在。Thefactoryhasceasedmakingbicycles.那工厂已停止生产自行车了。compile(v.)编制,编写（书报告等）:Thepolicehavecompiledalistofsuspects.警方已编制了涉嫌者名单。differentiate(v.)辨别;区分；区别对待Canyoudifferentiatebetweenthetwovarieties?你能辨别这两个品种吗?Itiswrongtodifferentiatebetweenpeopleaccordingtotheirfamilybackground.根据出身不同而区别待人是不对的。consent(n.)同意;允许:Herparentsrefusedtheirconsenttothemarriage.她的父母不答应这门婚事。Hegavehisconsentfortheprojecttogetunderway.他同意将这个计划付诸实施。Shewaschosenasleaderbycommonconsent.她是经一致同意而当选为领导人的。contrast(n.) 对比;相比:Hiswhitehairwasinsharpcontrasttohisdarkskin.他的白头发与黑皮肤形成了鲜明的对比。Shehadalmostfailedtheexam,buthersister,bycontrast,haddoneverywell.她考试差点不及格,而她的妹妹相比之下考得很好。commodity(n.)商品;（尤指）日用品:householdcommodities,egpotsandpans,cleaningmaterials,etc家庭日用品core(n.) 核心；Letsgettothecoreoftheargument.咱们进入实质性的辩论吧。Thisconceptisattheverycoreofhertheory.这个概念是她的理论的核心。Englishisasubjectonthecorecurriculum. 英语是一门基础课程。criteria(n.)criterion（评判的）标准,尺度:Successinmakingmoneyisnotalwaysagoodcriterionofsuccessinlife.能挣钱并不一定是衡量人生幸福的可靠标准。Whatarethecriteriafordecidingwhogetstheprize?评定获奖者以什么作标准?crucial(a.) 至关重要的;决定性的:Gettingthiscontractiscrucialtothefutureofourcompany.签订此项合同对本公司的前途至关重要。comprehensive(a.)全面的；综合的。comprehensiveschool综合学校Shehasacomprehensivegraspofthesubject.她已全面掌握了这一学科。crush(v.&n.) 压坏,挤伤；捣碎某物；镇压;喜爱Dontcrushthebox;ithasflowersinit.别把盒子压破了,里面有花。Hugehammerscrush(up)therocks.用大锤把岩石砸成了碎块。Youcantcrushtwentypeopleintosuchatinyroom.不能让二十个人挤进这样一个狭小的房间里。Thepostmantriedtocrushthepacketthroughtheletter-box.邮递员使劲把邮件塞进信箱里。Schoolchildrenoftenhave/getcrushesonteachers.小学生往往很钦佩老师。curse(v.&n.) 诅咒becursedwithsth受某事物之害（尤指经常）;为某事物所苦:becursedwithbadhealth,aviolenttemper,badluck 因身体有病脾气暴命运不好等而吃苦头。despair(n.)绝望:Hegaveupthestruggleindespair.他绝望地放弃了斗争。drama(n.)戏剧；戏剧艺术；激情loversofthedrama戏剧爱好者Herlifewasfullofdrama.她的生活充满激动人心的事情。(习语)makeadramaoutofsth小题大做;夸大其词:Hemakesadramaoutofasimplevisittothedentist.他把看牙这样一件小事弄得小题大做。earnest(a.)（太）认真的;坚决的;aterriblyearnestyoungman认真得不得了的年轻人。Iearnestlybegyoutoreconsideryourdecision.我诚恳地请求你把你的决定再重新考虑一下。equate(v.)认为某事物（与另一事物）相等或相仿:YoucantequatetheeducationsystemofBritaintothatofGermany.不能把英国教育制度与德国教育制度等同起来。Heequatespovertywithmisery.他认为贫穷就是不幸。estate(n.)地产;庄园；遗产HeownsalargeestateinScotland.他在苏格兰有大量地产。Herestatewasdividedbetweenherfourchildren.她的遗产分给了她的四个子女。ethnic(a.) 民族的;种族的;部落的:evolve(v.)发展；进化；（使）逐渐形成:Hehasevolvedanewtheoryaftermanyyearsofresearch.他经过多年的研究,逐渐总结出了新的理论。ManyVictorianswereshockedbythenotionthatManhadevolvedfromlowerformsoflife.在维多利亚时代,许多人对于人是由低级生物进化而来的见解大为震惊。exceed(v.)超过（尤指数量）；超出:Thepricewillnotexceed100.价格不会超过100英镑。Theirsuccessexceededallexpectations.他们的成功出乎一切预料。exceedthespeedlimit超速（超过驾驶速度限制）exclude(v.) v排除；排斥；拒绝接纳Womenareoftenexcludedfrompositionsofauthority.女子要想得到有权的职位往往遭到排斥。Thepolicehaveexcludedrobberyasamotiveforthemurder.警方已排除该谋杀案中有抢劫的动机。This lunchcosts5perperson,excludingdrinks午餐费每人5英镑,不包括饮料。Thatpriceexcludesaccommodation.那价钱不包括住宿。exploit(v.) 利用，开发；剥削exploitationnexploitoilreserves,waterpower,solarenergy 开发石油资源开发水资源利用太阳能Theyexploitedhergenerosityshamelessly.他们无耻地利用了她的慷慨。formula(n.) 分子式；公式；配方;原则TheformulaforwaterisH2O.水的分子式为H2O。Thereisnosureformulaforsuccess.成功并无一定之规。foundation(n.) 建立,创办；基础；基本原则Thepoliticalscandalshookthenationtoitsveryfoundations.这一政治丑闻从根本上动摇了该国家。gender(n.)（语言的）性；性别分类TherearethreegendersinGerman:masculine,feminineandneuter.德语中有三性:阳性阴性和中性.InFrenchtheadjectivemustagreewiththenouninnumberandgender.法语中形容词必须在数和性上与名词一致。grace(n.) （动作）优美；恩惠;Hehadbeenthekingsfavourite,andhissuddenfallfromgracesurprisedeveryone.他本是国王的幸臣,一朝失宠众人无不感到意外。grant(v.&n.) 同意给予或允许；承认Theygrantedhimpermissiontogo.他们准许他去。Theselandsweregrantedtoourfamilyinperpetuity.这些土地依法永远归我们家族所有。Igranthesbeenill,butthatdoesntexcusehim.我承认他是病了,但是那也不能原谅他。takesb/sthfor granted认为理所当然Heneverpraiseshiswife:hejusttakesherforgranted.他从不夸妻子,只是觉得她一切理当如此。Itakeitforgrantedyouhavereadthisbook.我认为你一定读过这本书。guideline(n.)指导路线,指标,方针imitate(v.)仿效；模仿（某人的言谈举止衣着等）Decidewhatyouwanttodo;dontjustimitateothers.想做什么自己决定,不要一味学别人的样。Hesverycleveratimitatinghisfriends.他非常擅长于模仿朋友的言行。induce(v.)劝诱；促使；产生;造成Wecouldntinducetheoldladytotravelbyair.我们无法劝说那位老太太坐飞机去。Whatinducedyoutodosuchastupidthing?是什么促使你做出这等蠢事来的?innovate(v.)改革;创新;They are preparedtoinnovateinordertomakeprogress为取得进步准备革新。insight(n.) 洞察力;深刻的了解:have/gainaninsightintoaproblem对某问题豁然开朗。Shewasgivenanunpleasantinsightintowhatlifewouldbelikeashiswife.她恍然大悟嫁给他就要过那种日子,心里十分难过。interact(v.)相互作用;相互影响:ideasthatinteract相互影响的想法chemicalsthatinteracttoformanewcompound相互作用形成新化合物的化学物质interfere(v.) 干涉;介入; 摆弄; 弄坏Dontinterfereinmattersthatdonotconcernyou!不要干预与你无关的事!Whosbeeninterferingwiththeclock?Itsstopped.是谁摆弄这钟来着?已经不走了。intermediate(a.)介于之间的,居间的:Thepupaisatanintermediatestageofdevelopment;itisintermediatebetweentheeggandtheadultbutterfly.蛹是蝴蝶发育的中间阶段,介于卵和成虫之间。journal(n.)报纸;定期刊物（尤指涉及某一学科的）:subscribetoajournal订阅报纸.HekeptajournalofhiswanderingsacrossAsia.他记自己漫游亚洲的日记。logic(n.) 逻辑学;逻辑性Youhavetoacceptthelogicofhisargument.应该承认他的论据中有逻辑性。manual(a.)手工的;手控的:manuallabour体力劳动overseas(a.&ad.) 在海外，海外； 海外的，国外的proportion(n.)比例;比:Theproportionofimportstoexports isworryingthegovernment.进口与出口的比例（入超）令政府担忧。Whatistheproportionofment