被动语态讲解与练习.doc

被动语态(一)语态分类英语动词有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如： They will build a new bridge over the river. (主动) A new bridge will be built over the river. (被动) 汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动，而英语用：助动词be+ 及物动词的过去分词构成。 (二)被动语态常用的八种时态1. 一般现在时 People grow rice in the south of the states. Rice _in the south of the states. 2. 一般过去时 They agreed on the building of a new car factory last month. The building of a new car factory _last month. 3. 一般将来时 They will send cars abroad by sea. Cars _abroad by sea. 4. 过去将来时 The workers told me they would mend the car as soon as possible. The workers told me that the car _as soon as possible. 5. 现在进行时 Have you moved into the new house? Not yet. We are painting the rooms. The rooms are being painted. 6. 过去进行时 This time last year we were planting trees here. Trees were being planted here this time last year. 7. 现在完成时 We have brought down the price. The price _down. 8. 过去完成时 When I got to the theatre, I found they had already sold out the tickets. When I got to the theatre, I found the tickets _already _out. 9. 含有情态动词的被动语态 含有情态动词的被动语态是由“情态动词+ be+ 及物动词的过去分词”构成。 He can write a great many letters with the computer. A great many letters _with the computer by him. (四)被动语态的使用1. 当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，常用被动语态，这时往往不用by短语。 “Mr. White, the cup with mixture was broken after class. ”(只是告诉老师杯子坏了，不知是谁弄坏的，或不想说出谁弄坏的)。 2. 突出或强调动作的承受者，如果需要说出动作的执行者，用by短语。 These records were made by John Denver. The cup was broken by Paul. 3. 当汉语句子的主语既不是动作的执行者，也不是动作的承受者时，这时常用in+ 名词作状语，而代替by短语。 These cars were made _China.(byin) 15, 000 cars will be produced each year _the new factory.(byin)The map should be put_the wall(byon) (五)主动语态变被动语态的方法1. 把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。 2. 把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的be+ 过去分词，时态要与原句保持一致。 3. 把主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语，放在被动语态里谓语动词之后，by短语可以省略。如果原句主语是地点名词，在被动语态中用in+ 地点名词作状语。如： My aunt invited me to her dinner party. 主语 谓语 宾语 I was invited (by my aunt )to her dinner party. 主语 谓语 宾语The school set up a special class to help poor readers. A special class to help poor readers was set up in the school. (六)语态转换时所注意的问题1. 把主动语态变为被动语态时，其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。 We have bought a new computer. A new computer has been bought. (正确) A new computer have been bought. (错误) 2. 含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，要注意介词的用法（pass,give,lend,show,make,buy,sing） (1)My uncle gave me a present on my birthday. I was given a present on my birthday. A present was given _ me yesterday. (2)The magazine was passed to me by lilei. . I_ _a magazine by lilei. Lilei_ _ a magazine.(3)My bike was lent to her. (4)Mother made me a new skirt. 3.动词短语看作一个整体 give up, hand in, put away, take care ofThe patient is being operated on. The problem is solved. It neednt be talked about. The sports meet will be put off because of the bad weather. 4. 带复合宾语(宾语+ 宾补)的动词改为被动语态时，一般把主动结构中的宾语改为主语，而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面。如： We always keep the classroom clean. The classroom is always kept clean. She told us to follow her instructions. We were told to follow her instructions. 注意：在see, watch, hear, notice, listen to, look at, make, feel等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带to，但改成被动语态后都带to，这时不定式为主语补足语，也就是说不定式作主语补足语不存在省略to的问题。 We often hear him play the guitar. He _often _ _play the guitar. The earthquake made the road fall onto another one below. The road _made _ _onto another one below by the earthquake. 5. 当主动句的主语是nobody, no one等含有否定意义的不定代词时，被动句中将其变为anybody, 作by的宾语，并将谓语动词变为否定的被动语态。如： Nobody can answer this question. 误：The question can be answered by nobody. 正：The question can not be answered by anybody. No one can do the job. 6.不及物动词 ,连系动词无被动语态（happen,take place, appear） Great changes _(take) place in the last two years. Look! What _(happen)? It_(seem) that he was badly ill. The sweater _(feel) soft. ! It _(say) that she comes from the USA. It _(not know) whether he will come or not.4:练习 1).Put the following sentences into the passive voice (by phrase may be omitted) 1.People speak English in many countries. 2.We built this bridge last year. 4.Xiao Liu has invited you to a lunch party. 5.You must not take these magazines out of the reading-room. 6.We shall discuss the problem at tomorrows meeting. 7.Has anybody fed the birds? 8.People will never forget the accident. 9.You may write this letter in pencil. 11.Someone must turn on the light 12.They have found ways to make waste water clean. 13.Someone must take care of the children when we go out. 14.They wont hold the meeting until next Friday. 15.They gave him a medal for his wonderful work. 17.They made the young man become head of the volleyball team. 18.Someone will tell you how to prepare for the examination. 20.Someone has taken the stranger to another hospital. 21.I saw him enter the room just now.22.she often keeps the room clean.23.People will laugh at you if you wear that dress. 26.We must finish the work by six oclock this afternoon. 27.Do you often clean your room? 29.Could you carry out the plan on time? 30.We must pay attention to such problems. 32.You should put forward(提出)the questions at the meeting. 34.He is sure to finish the job by then. 35.She is going to play the match today. 36.People are talking about the incident all over the town. 37.We saw a bus running towards us at that time 36 You need to finish the work soon.39.They had to put off the sports meeting because of the rain. 40.We dont have to write it in such a hurry. 2).Make the best choice: 43.The war_in 1937 A.was broken outB.had been broken out C.has broken out D.broke out 44.The mistakes in the exercises will_the teacher. A.cross B.be crossing C.be crossed byD.cross by 45.My brother and I have _her birthday party. A.been invitedB.been invited for C.invited toD.been invited to 46.It_this way A.is had to do B.is had to be done C.had to be doneD.has to do 47.It_this way. A used to doB.used to be done C.is used to doD.is used to doing 48._Chaplin. A.The childs name was called B.The childs name calls C.The child calls D.The child is named 50.Mary realized she_ A.was making fun ofB.was made fun C.was being made fun ofD.was being made fun D.It is consiedring wrong 52.He ordered that the books_at once. A.would be printedB.would print C.be printed D.print 53.The story_in China. A.was taken place B.was happened C.took place D.has been taken place 54.The house_my parents A.is belong to B.belong to C.belongs to D.is belonged to 55.He_by his teacher. A.happened to see B.was happened to see C.happened to be seen D.was happened to be seen 56.Great changes_in our province.Many tall buildings_. A.have been taken place,have