动词时态.doc

动词时态讲与练各时态的基本结构以“watch”为例，七种时态结构举例（肯定句）一般现在 I _TV every night. He _TV every night. 一般过去 I _TV last night. 一般将来 I_ TV tomorrow evening. I_ TV tomorrow evening.现在进行 I_ TV now. 过去进行 I_ TV at that moment. 现在完成 I_ TV already. 过去完成 I_ TV by eleven last night.否定句或疑问句一般现在 主语 + dont/doesnt +动原 Do/Does +主语 +动原一般过去 主语 + didnt +动原 Did +主语 + 动原一般将来 主语 + wont + 动原Will +主语 + 动原现在进行 主语 + am not /isnt /arent +VingAm/ Is/ Are +主语 +Ving过去进行 主语 + wasnt/ werent + VingWas/ Were +主语 +Ving现在完成 主语 + hasnt/ havent+过去分词Have/ Has +主语 +过去分词过去完成 主语 + hadnt +过去分词Had +主语 +过去分词(一).一般现在时时间状语（时态标志）A：频率副词：always ；usually； often； sometimes; once a week,twice a year, etc.B: in the + 一天三段C: every + 时间名词 D: on + 一周七天 或一周七天 + 一天三段E：on + 一周七天的复数 = every + 一周七天用法1.表示 经常性或习惯性的动作 。I leave home for school at 7 every morning. His father always takes a walk after supper2.表示目前的状态、能力、性格、个性。 I dont want so much. He works in an office.His father likes dumplings very much. 3.用于表示 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实；格言或警句中The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China.Light travels faster than sound. Pride goes before a fall. 【注意】此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。Columbus proved that the earth _ (be)round.4.在时间状语从句或条件状语从句中，一般现在时代替一般将来时。Ill help you as soon as you have problem. Tell Xiao Li about it if you meet him. 1.Well go camping if it_ (be) fine tomorrow.2.We _ (leave) until her mother_ (come) back next week.3.If it _(rain), we wont go to the park.应用一般现在时各语气的基本句型结构思考- 将下列变为否定句和一般疑问句They clean their classroom every day._ _She helps her mother on weekends._ _用所给动词的正确形式填空1. My parents _(work) five days a week.2. Li Lei _(go) to work on foot. 3. The sun _(rise) in the east. 4. A bike_ (not run) as fast as a car. 5. We _(not like) such a kind of men. 6. _ leaves_ (fall) in winter? 7. _ the sun _(go) down in the west?8. What _you usually _(do) on Sundays?9. How often _you _(watch) TV? （二）.现在进行时时间状语（时态标志）A：now；right now；at this moment etc. B: 句首提示词：Look! Listen! C：前句: Its + 时刻。下句马上叙述一个动作。用法1. 表示说话者说话时正发 生或者进行的动作;它注重现在正在进行的动作，而不管动作从什么时间开始，到什么时间结束。 What are you doing now? I am looking for my key. Listen! How wonderfully the girl _(sing).Look! The children _ (play) happily.The students _ (have) an exam at the moment.2.表示目前一段时间内正在进行的动作（但说话时这个动作不一定在进行）。 The students are preparing for the examination this week . We_ (get) ready for the Art Festive these days.They _ (study) hard this term.The workers _(pick) apples on the farm these days.【注意】有些动词一般不可以用于进行时态表示状态的动词，尤其是静态动词，如：be, have (有）表示认识、知觉和情感的动词,如:know(知道), think(认为), hear(听见), find(发现), see(看见), like(喜欢), want(想要), wish(希望), prefer (更喜欢)等。I am not having so much money now. WI dont have so much money now. R1.We _(have) a meeting now. 2.Look! The boy _(cry) hard. He _(look) for his mother. 3.Tom _(not read) now. He _(help) his parents. 4. -What _ you_ (do) these day? -I _(write) an important article. 5.-_you _(cook) in the kitchen, mum?I am so hungry. -No, I _(wash) the clothes (三).一般将来时时间状语（时态标志）A: tomorrow / + 一天三段 B: next + 时间名词 C: in + 一段时间 D: the day after tomorrow / the week after next / the month/ the year.E: at once, later on, soon, in a moment, from now on F: 凡是说话时没到来的年,月,日,时刻用法1. 表示将来的动作或状态 Ill attend the meeting tomorrow. He will visit us next month. They will be back in two days.-Its a secret between us. Dont tell anybody. -Sure, I_. A. do B. dont C. will D. wont 2.表示打算，计划; 已决定最近或将来要作的某事 I am going to Beijing next week. -What are you going to do next week? - I am going to listen to music. Look at the clouds. There is going to be a storm3. 动词“go, come, leave, arrive, stay, start, begin, fall, die”等多用进行结构即将发生的事。We are leaving for London. The meeting is starting right now. The old man is dying.注:在条件状语从句中,一般用will表将来.We _(come) if he invites us.They _(have) a picnic if it doesnt rain tomorrow. 1.We _(have) a sports meeting next week. 2.His parents_ (be) back in three weeks.3._they _(do) the cleaning soon?4.They _(not discuss) it until the manager comes back.5. Please get ready. The train_ (arrive)6.He _(not go) swimming if it rains tomorrow. (四).一般过去时时间状语（时态标志）A：yesterday + 一天三段 B：last + 时间名词 C：一段时间 + agoD: the day before yesterday / the week before last / the month/ the year E：just now，in the past, the other day F.说话时已过去的年,月,日,时刻.用法1.表示说话时已发生过了的动作或状态。I got up at six this morning. They visited the factory last Monday. She was in the park the day before yesterday.注意1.I _(know) you are here.2.I _(forget) my pen. 3.Please say it again. I_ (not hear) clearly. 2.表示过去的习惯或经常发生的动作句中常有频率副词或 “every+ 时间名词”。He went for a walk every day last year. We often played games when we were young.区别He _(watch) TV every evening. We _(eat) noodles every evening last month.She often_ (make) mistakes before she came hereThe boy usually_ (take) a bus to school.思考-变下列为否定和一般疑问句There were many trees here two years ago._ _We brought the dog here._ _He enjoyed himself at the party._ _扩展She does eye exercises every afternoon._ _They did a great job. _ _ Li lei put the book here._ _They cut many trees._ _ _类似的有：let, hurt, cost, read;1.Her mother _(make) some cakes last night.2.They _(visit) the museum two weeks ago.3.I _(not see) him just now. 4._you_(do) your homework last night?5.The teacher_ (keep) him at school last Monday because he_ (not finish) his work.6.Where _ he_(buy) the coat?-He_ (buy) it in Hong Kong when we_(go) there in 2005.7. There_ (be) no trees on the hill 10 years ago.8.He got up late that morning. So he_(not have) time to eat breakfast. .现在完成时时间状语（时态标志）A. already, yet, never, ever, just, before 等。 B. so far (到现在为止), lately/recently(最近） in the last/past few+时间名词 up to/ till/ until now直到现在， C. for段时间；since过去点时间, 等。 用法1. 表示过去已发生的动作,其结果对现在仍造成影响.=过去时动作+现在时状态。 常与A类时间连用He has come here already. =He came here in the past. And he is still here now.I have seen the movie before. =I saw the movie some time ago.And I still know whats the movie about.His father has just come back. I have never visited Beijing. Have you ever ridden a moterbike?They have already finished the work.They havent finished the work yet. 2.表示过去多次动作的总和或所达到的量.常与B类的时间或C类的 “since” li连用I have read the book twice recently. We have learned 1,000 words up to now. So far, he_ (make) 10 mistakes.Our team_ (have) 5 matches lately.The teacher_ (talk) to him 4 times since last week. 3.在下列句式中作从句的句子用完成时态：This is the first time “到现在为止是第一次”. Its the+最高级+n. “到现在为止是最的”.This is the first time he_ (drive) a car. Its the first time we_ (talk) with foreigners. Its the most boring film I_ ever _(see). This is the most exciting game I_ (watch). Its one of the most interesting books I_ (read) 4.表示过去已开始的动作,一直持续到现在。常用C类时间表动作持续时间长度.We have studied here for two years.=since two years ago =since 2009He has lived here since he came in 2001.=for about 10years特别注意：短暂性动词的肯定式不能用于此用法与 “since，for”引导的时间连用。He has come here for two days. WHe hasnt come here for two days. RI have seen him since 1990. WI havent seen him since 1990. R如何表达短暂性动词与一段时间连用的句子：通常是将其表达成状态，以下是常见的短暂性动词表达为状态的方式：A. 不同的动词用不同的状态表达：1.reach/ arrive in (at)/ get to/ come to/ go to/ leave for-be in (at)+地点名词/ be+地点副词He _ (到）school for two hours.We _(来）here since last year. They _(达到）Shanghai for ten days.She _(去）American since 1990. 2. leave -be away fromThe boy _(离开)school since two years ago. 3.borrow - keepI _(借) the book for two weeks. How long_ you_(借）the book?4. buy-haveWe _(买）the house for 20 years.Though my bike is quite new, I_(买）it since I began to work. 5. join-be a member of/ be in +组织名称She _(加入）the Party sincehe was in college6. die/ open/ close-be+其形容词His grandpa_(死）for ten years.The shop_(开门）since six. The company_(倒闭）since 2000. 7. begin/ start-be onThe meeting_（开始)half an hour.The film_(开始）since 7oclock. 8.catch a cold-have a coldThe old man_(感冒）for a week.9.get up-be up-How long_ you_(起床）？-I_(起床）since six oclock.10.Fall asleep/ get to sleep-be asleepHe _(睡着）since this noonB.通用句式：It is / has been+ 已段时间+ since 从句.他们来这儿三个月了。 They _ _ _ for 3 months. = It _3 months since they _ here. 他母亲去北京五年了。 His mother_ _ _ Beijing for 5 years. =It _5 years since his mother_ to Beijing. 选择1.When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus _ for 20 minutes.A. has left B. had left C. has been away D. had been away2. I _ the League for 5 years so far. A. joined B. have joined C. have been in3.The factory _ since the February of 1988. A . has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened4.Mary and Rose _friends since they met in 2000. A. have made B. have been C. made D. have become5.You mustnt _ until he comes back. A. be away B. leave C. be left6.The meeting _ for a week now. A. has finished B. has ended C. has been over7.Miss Gao _ this school for nearly 5 years. A. has been in B. has come to C. has taught8.Ben _ a teacher for 4 years . A. has been B. has become C. was D. became9. I _ home for a week. A. have returned B. have been back C. returned10. How long _ he _ ? A. died B. has, died C. has, been dead 11. He _ at eight yesterday afternoon. A. slept B. was sleeping C. has sleep D. had slept12.He _ the car for a week. A. bought B. has bought C. has had 13.-How long _ you _ ill ? -Two weeks. A. did fall B. have, fell C. have, been 14.Since 2000, he _ his hometown. A. has left B. has moved away C. has been away from15.Ill lend you the book , but you can only _ it for 2 days. A. borrow B. keep C. take 16.The bus _ on the road for 2 hours so far. A. has stopped B. stopped C. has been17.Are you _ the jacket these days? A. wearing B. putting on C. dressing D. on18.He _ for 2 hours. A. got up B. has got up C. has been up19. Tom is ill in hospital. He _ a cold for several days. A. is B. catches C. has caught D. has had20.- How long can I _ the book? - Two weeks.A. borrow B. lend C. get D. keep区别到去了来”，“到去了几次”包括出发和回来的动作。have/ has been to“到去了”(未回来）只有出发的动作，说话时未回到出发地1.have/has gone to1).I _ the Great Wall many time.2).- Tom, where is your mother? - She_ the shop. 3).-Hi, Tina! Where_ ? - I_ the teachers office. 2. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：A.意义上: 过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情强调动作。 现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。 I saw this film yesterday. 强调看的动作发生过了，不涉及现在I have seen this film. 强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了B. 时间状语: 一般过去时多用明确表过去时间的状语：yesterday, last week, two days ago等.现在完成时的时间状语一般较含糊，多与现在有联系. already, before, in the last few years等.He _(do) his homework yesterday. He _(do) his homework already. I _(visit) the old man a few days ago. I _(visit) the Great Wall before. He _(come) here just now. He _just_ (come) here.His parents_ (tell) me about it a long time ago. His parents_ (tell) me about it before.C. 如果是单独一句话觉得是过去发生的,又没有确切时间，这时多用完成时态._you_ (finish) your work? The guests_ (come). He _(leave) for Shanghai. And he is coming back next week. The girl_ (leave) her pen at home.D. 根据上下文和具体情景1.-_you_ (decide)? -Yes, already. 2.-How _he_ (do) it? -He did it by asking others for help. 3.-You cant find him now. He _(go)to his office. - When _he_ (go) there? -One hour ago. 4. -_you_ (read) the book? Yes. -When_ you_ (read) it? -Last month. 1. Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _whats happened to him . . knew . have known . must know .will know 2. He has _ been to Shanghai , has he ? . already .never .ever . Still 3.Have you met Mr Li _？ .just . Ago .before .a moment ago4. The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year . . is writing .was writing .wrote .has written5.Our country _ a lot so far . Yes . I hope it will be even _ . . has changed ; well . changed ; good. has changed ; better . changed ; better 6. Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years . was ; studying . will ; study . has ; studied . are ; studying 7. We _Xiao Li since she was a little girl. know . had known . have known . knew 8. Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_ it twice . will see . have seen . saw .see9. These farmers have been to the United States .Really ? When _ there ? . will they go . did they go . do they go . have they gone 10 _ you _ your homework yet ? Yes . I _ it a moment ago . . Did do ; finished B. Have done ; finished . Have done ; have finished . will do ; finish 11. His father _ the Party since 1978 . joined . has joined . was in . has been in12. Do you know him well ? Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago . . were . have been . have become . have made13. How long have you _ here ? About two months . . been . gone . come . arrived14. Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes . . has begun . had begun . has been on . began15. His uncle died two years ago .（同意句）His uncle has _ _ _ for two years 16. Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同义句） Her mother _the Party three years _ .17.It _ ten years since he left the army. . is . has . will . was18.Miss Green isnt in the office . she_ to the library .has gone . went .will go . has been19. My parents _ Shandong for ten years . . have been in . have been to. have gone to .have been20.I was so happy to see John again last Sunday ,We_ each other for more than two years. A. havent seen B. hadnt seen C. didnt see D. hasnt seen(六)过去进行时 时间状语（时态标志）A.过去某一时刻的表达： then, at that moment, at that time this time+过去时间 at + 时刻+过去时间 when从句 B. 一般过去时的时间状语 用法表示过去某时或某一时段正在进行的状态或动作。 The man was cleaning his at that moment.I was doing my homework yesterday. Li Lei and Mike were studying in the USA last year. The family were talking about the movie last night.His mother _(make) when I saw her. The students_ (boat) on the lake this time last Monday. What _you_ (do