山东省济南市高考英语（三月）阅读理解、书面表达小练（9）.doc

济南市2015高考英语（三月）阅读理解、书面表达小练（9）答案 阅读理解。【2014泰安高三二轮复习质量检测】howie choset，a roboticist，has been researching and building robots，particularly snake robots，at pittsburghs carnegie mellon university for years.choset believes that his snake robot and others like it help reduce medical costs by making complex surgeries (外科手术) faster and easier.choset says his new design is smaller and more flexible than earlier models.the size of surgical robots allows surgeons to operate with far less damage to the body，helping the patient heal faster.for example，instead of opening the entire chest up during heart surgery，a small hole is made，and a thin robotic snake crawls inside to the proper spot.dr ashutosh tewari of cornell university medical center has used robotic tools to perform thousands of operations.tewari said hes most excited about the potential for surgical robots to do things humans cant do.he said the variety of sensors available for surgical robots keeps expanding，even as they get smaller.he said they may one day be able to test chemicals or blood in the body，or even the electrical connections in nerves.choset has also built larger snake robots designed for search and rescue，or just exploration.they can climb poles or trees and then look around through a camera in the head，and slid through places humans cant reach.another expert at carnegie mellon stresses that theres still an enormous gap between humans and even the most hightech robots.manuela velosa noted that robots have been built that are good at one or two tasksbut not at the variety of tasks humans perform without even thinking.velosa has been building robots that ask humans for help when they dont know what to do，as well as teams of robots that play soccer against each other.sometimes，the robots surprise her by having once defeated the other team.“it was programmed by me，but it looked to me as if they learned，” she said.“i believe we are much closer to having robots be able to exist with humans peacefully.the beautiful thing is you see the robots learning.”1how does choset help save medical costs?aby changing the size of robots frequently.bby designing larger snake robots.cby making complex surgeries faster and easier.dby improving the models of earlier snake robots.2the main advantage of using the thin surgical robot is_.areducing the damage to the bodybproving the technology useful to themchelping the doctors make much moneydworsening the patients sickness3according to manuela velosa，_.arobots will replace humans in the futurebrobots can do much better than humans at some taskscno robots can be made to turn to humans for helpdrobots are able to learn by themselves4what can be inferred from the text?athe snake robot is thought to have no potential.blarger snake robots are not practical.cdoctors will refuse to use the snake robot.dthe future robot will be smarter and more popular.5what is the text mainly about?athree famous roboticists.bresearching and building robots.chow to make snake robots.ddifferent ideas on robots.语篇解读本文是一篇科研报告。文章主要介绍了用于外科手术中的蛇形机器人。1解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段第一句“choset believes that his snake robot and others like it help reduce medical costs by making complex surgeries (外科手术) faster and easier.”可知，答案c符合文意。答案：c2解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段第三句“the size of surgical robots allows surgeons to operate with far less damage to the body，helping the patient heal faster.”可知，答案a符合文意。答案：a3解析：细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段最后一句“sometimes，the robots surprise her by having once defeated the other team.”可知，答案b符合文意。答案：b4解析：推理判断题。根据文章第三段最后一句“he said they may one day be able to test chemicals or blood in the body，or even the electrical connections in nerves.”和对文章最后一段的整体理解可推知，答案d“未来的机器人将会越来越智能，越来越受人欢迎”符合文意。答案：d5解析：主旨大意题。根据文章第一段的开篇点题和对全文的整体理解可知，本文主要讲的是对机器人的研究和建造，故答案b符合文意。答案：b.阅读理解with the possible exception of equal rights, perhaps the most heated argument across the united states today is the death penalty (死刑). many argue that it is an effective deterrent (威慑) to murder, while others think there is no enough proof that the death penalty reduces the number of murders.the argument advanced by those opposed （反对） to the death penalty is that it is cruel and inhuman punishment, that it is tile mark of a bad society and finally that it is of questionable effectiveness as a deterrent to crime (罪行) anyway.in our opinion, the death penalty is a necessary action. throughout recorded history there have always been those peculiar persons in every society who made terrible crimes such as murder. but some are more dangerous than others.for example, it is one thing to take the life of another in time of blind anger, but quite another to coldly plan and carry out the murder of one or more people in the style of a butcher. thus, murder, like all other crimes, is a matter of different degree. while it could be argued with some reason that the criminal in the first instance should be merely kept from society, such should not be the fate of the latter type murderer.the value of the death penalty as a deterrent to crime may be open to discussion. but the majority of people believe that the death penalty protects them. their belief is proved by the fact that the death penalty prevents murder. for example, from 1954 to 1963, when the death penalty was carried out from time to time in california, the murder rate remained between three and four murders for each 100, 000 population. since 1964 the death penalty has been done only once, and the murder rate has risen to10.4 murders for each 100, 000 population. the sharp climb in the states murder rate, which began when killings stopped, does not happen by chance. it certainly shows that the death penalty does deter many murderers. if the law about death penalty is vetoed (否决), some people will be murdered- some whose lives may have been saved if the death penalty were in effect. this is really a life or death matter. the lives of thousands of people must be protected.1. the main purpose of this passage is to _.a. speak for the majority b. support a vetoc. speak ill of the government d. argue for the value of the death penalty答案解析：答案为d。本题为文章的主旨大意题。由第一段的 “many argue that , while others think .”和最后一段的首句 “the value of the death penalty as a deterrent to crime may be open to discussion.”可知，本文讨论死刑的价值。2. which of the following is among the heated arguments across the usa besides death penalty?a. air pollution. b. the war against iraq.c. equal rights. d. election of president.答案解析：答案为c。本题为细节题。从第一段的首句 “with the possible exception of equal rights, perhaps the most heated argument across the united states today is the death penalty (死刑).” 可知，除了人权问题，在美国讨论最热烈的问题是死刑。来源:3. the numbers in the last paragraph show that _.a. if they stick to death penalty, the number of murders will be reducedb. death penalty almost stopped from 1954 to 1963c. the population of california has risend. death penalty is of little value答案解析：答案为a。本题为推理题。从最后一段的第二句 “but the majority of people believe that the death penalty protects them.” 和最后三句 “if the law about death penalty is vetoed (否决), some people will be murdered- some whose lives may have been saved if the death penalty were in effect. this is really a life or death matter. the lives of thousands of people must be protected.”都是在强调死刑可以保护人的生命，故答案为a, 如果国家坚持死刑，谋杀案件的数目会减少。由本段的第四句话 “for example, from 1954 to 1963, when the death penalty was carried out from time to time in california” 可知，1954年到1963年期间，死刑时不时地在california执行，并不是废除了，故选项b错误。c选项在文中未提及，d选项与本段的中心意思违背。4. it can be inferred that the writer thinks that _.a. the death penalty is the most important problem in the united states todayb. the second type of murderers (in paragraph 4) should be sentenced to deathc. the veto of the law about death penalty is of little importanced. the value of the death penalty as a deterrent to crime is not to be discussed答案解析：答案为b。本题为推理题。细读第四段， 由“it is one thing blind anger, but quite another to coldly plan in the style of a butcher. thus, murder is a matter of different degree. while it could be argued with some reason that the criminal in the first instance should be merely kept from society, such should not be the fate of the latter type murderer.”可知，作者认为谋杀分为 “blind anger （盲目的愤怒）” 和 “coldly plan in the style of a butcher （冷酷的屠夫式的谋杀），谋杀的程度不一样，如果是第一种就仅仅让谋杀者与社会隔离即可，而不是后一种谋杀者的命运，言外之意就是后一种谋杀应该判死刑。故答案为b。结合前面几题的分析，第一段作者认为除了人权问题，在美国讨论最热烈的问题是死刑。故选项a错误。从最后一段倒数第三句话 “if the law about death penalty is vetoed, some people will be murdered- some whose lives may have been saved if the death penalty were in effect.” 可知，如果死刑被否决，一些本可以挽救的生命就会被谋杀，可见死刑的否决对保护人的生命有着重要的意义，c选项的意思与此相反，故错误。d选项与最后一段的首句 “the value of the death penalty as a deterrent to crime may be open to discussion.” 表达相反，故错误。【辽宁省葫芦岛市2014一模试题】书面表达（满分25分）假设你是李华, 你的英国朋友tom要来你校任教。为了方便， 他打算在学校附近租房子，发来邮件向你咨询合适的房源。 请你根据下表提供的信息回复邮件。房子地点：龙湾大街面积布局：2楼，一室，一厅，70m, 朝南。家具齐全。环境交通：小区优美、安静；附近有体育馆可以健身；购物、交通便利。每月房租：4500元联系电话注意：1.词数不少于100。 2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 3.邮件的开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。 参考词汇：公寓 apartmentdear tom,_ yours,li hua【参考范文】书面表达dear tom， iamwritingtotell youthat ive found an apartment which may meet your needs. its on the second floor, facing the south, with an area of 70 square meters. it has a bedroom and a sitting room, fully furnished. located in longwan street, it offers convenient shopping and easy traffic. the apartment is in a beautiful and quiet neighborhood. and there is also a gym nearby where you can go and take exercise regularly. the rent is 4,500 yuan per month. if you are interested in it, please call if you need any more help, just let me know.lookingforwardtomeeting you soon.yours,li hua【湖北省2014高考英语考试大纲调研卷二模试题】短文写作（共1题；满分30分）请你根据以下提示，并结合事例，用英语写一篇短文。life isnt about waiting for the storm to pass. it is about learning to dance in the rain.注意: 无须写标题；除诗歌外，文体不限； 内容必须结合你生活中的一个事例； 文中不得透露个人姓名和学校名称；词数不少于12