【志鸿优化设计】高考英语一轮复习 语法专题 名词性从句 外研版.doc

语法专题四名词性从句在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。 名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组，它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。考点一whether 与ifwhether与if 在作“是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whether，不能用if：1引导主语从句并在句首时。whether the meeting will be held tomorrow has not been decided yet.2引导表语从句和同位语从句时。we should discuss carefully the question whether we can finish it on time.3引导从句作介词宾语时。it all depends on whether they will lend us the money.4从句后有“or not”时。i didnt know whether or not he had arrived in beijing.5后接动词不定式时。i dont know whether to go to the party.考点二that，what与which1that 引导名词性从句时，在从句中不充当任何句子成分，只起连接作用，也没有任何含义；that 引导的宾语从句一般不作介词的宾语（介词but，except，besides，in除外）。that he failed the exam made me surprised.（主语从句，that不充当从句成分）he is a good student except that he is a little careless.2what引导名词性从句时，其意义为“的人/物/数目等”，在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语。作主语、宾语和表语时what可以分解成“定语从句的先行词关系代词”，即常说的“先行词that”。our income is now double what it was ten years ago.（what 指“的数目”）you will know what side effect the medicine brings about.（作定语，意思为“什么样的”）he lives in what we call“spring city”（表示“的地方”）he lives in the place that we call “spring city”you dont know what good students they are.（表示“多么”，此为感叹句用于宾语从句中）3which 引导名词性从句，其意义为“哪一个”，可指人也可指物，是在已知的具体的人、事、物当中进行选择；引导定语从句时，只能当关系代词，在从句中作主语或宾语，且只能指物。tell me which book you like better，the red one or the blue one？i will buy the book which you choose for you.4a is to b what c is to d“a对于b 就像c对于d 一样”。air is to us what water is to fish.空气对于我们就像水对于鱼一样。考点三whoever，who与no matter who1whoever有两个作用，一是相当于anyone who，引导名词性从句，可以理解为who引导的定语从句修饰anyone，因此表达的主体为“任何人”；二是相当于no matter who，引导让步状语从句。whoever comes late should say sorry to our teacher.（是“人”应该道歉）2who引导名词性从句时，有疑问语气，突出表达“谁”这一件事。引导定语从句时代替先行词在从句中作主语或宾语。who came late yesterday was unknown.（是“谁迟到”这件事不知道，而不是不认识这个人）3no matter who只引导让步状语从句。no matter who you are，youre welcome here.考点四“疑问词ever”和“no matter疑问词”1“疑问词ever”可引导名词性从句，在从句中要充当一定的成分。还可引导让步状语从句。whoever breaks the rule must be punished.however late he comes back，his wife will wait for him.2“no matter疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句。no matter who breaks the rule，he must be punished.考点五 that引导宾语从句时的省略宾语从句中的连接词that通常可以省略，但在以下几种情况中that不能省略：1当从句前有插入语时，that不可省略。we hope，on the contrary，that he will stay at home with us.2当一个句子有两个或多个并列宾语从句时，引导第二个及其以后的宾语从句中的that不能省略。he said he was wrong and that he would say sorry to me.3当that作介词宾语时，that不可省略。the reason lies in that she works harder than the others.4由it作形式宾语时，that引导的宾语从句中，that不可省略。i think it impossible that he can finish the task in such a short time.考点六it作形式主语的常见句型1it is名词（no wonder，an honor，a good thing，a pity，no surprise等）从句。it is no surprise that we will win the match.2it is形容词（obvious，true，natural，surprising，good，funny，possible，likely，certain等）从句。it is certain that he will come.3itbe过去分词（said，reported，thought，expected，decided，announced 等）从句。it is said that mr smith has arrived.考点七doubt 后面的从句doubt用于肯定句时，其后的宾语从句用whether/if引导，同位语从句用whether引导；用于否定句时，宾语从句和同位语从句都用that引导。there is no doubt that we will have an exam next week.i doubt whether/if tom will recover.1（2012课标全国高考）it is by no means clear_the president can do to end the strike.ahow bwhich cthat dwhat2（2012北京高考）jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt _ he could have expressed it differently.awhy bhow cthat dwhether3（2012天津高考）it doesnt matter _ you turn right or left at the crossing both roads lead to the park.awhether bhow cif dwhen4（2012上海高考）there is much truth in the idea _ kindness is usually served by frankness.awhy bwhich cthat dwhether5（2012上海高考）weve only got this small bookcase.will that do?no，_ i am looking for is something much bigger and stronger.awho bthat cwhat dwhich6（2012重庆高考）evidence has been found through years of study _ childrens early sleeping problems are likely to continue when they grow up.awhy bhow cwhether dthat7（2012安徽高考）the limits of a persons intelligence，generally speaking，are fixed at birth，but _ he reaches these limits will depend on his environment.awhere bwhether cthat dwhy8（2012福建高考）we promise _ attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.awho bwhomcwhoever dwhomever9（2012湖南高考）everyone in the village is very friendly.it doesnt matter_ you have lived there for a short or a long time.awhy bhow cwhether dwhen10（2012江苏高考）the notice came around two in the afternoon _ the meeting would be postponed.awhen bthat cwhether dhow11（2012江西高考）it suddenly occurred to him _ he had left his keys in the office.awhether bwhere cwhich dthat12（2012辽宁高考）the newcomer went to the library the other day and searched for _ he could find about mark twain.awherever bhowevercwhatever dwhichever13（2012山东高考）it doesnt matter _ you pay by cash or credit card in this store.ahow bwhether cwhat dwhy14（2012陕西高考）as many as five courses are provided，and you are free to choose _ suits you best.awhatever bwhichevercwhenever dwherever15（2012四川高考）scientists study_human brains work to make computers.awhen bhow cthat dwhether16（2012浙江高考）i made a promise to myself _ this year，my first year in high school，would be different.awhether bwhat cthat dhow17（2011北京高考）_barbara jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness.awhich bwhat cthat dwhom18（2011北京高考）the shocking news made me realize _ terrible problems we would face.awhat bhow cthat dwhy19（2011上海高考）there is clear evidence _ the most difficult feeling of all to interpret is bodily pain.awhat bif chow dthat20（2011上海高考）the message you intend to convey through words may be the exact opposite of _ others actually understand.awhy bthat cwhich dwhat21（2011山东高考）im afraid hes more of a talker than a doer，which is _ he never finishes anything.athat bwhen cwhere dwhy22（2011山东高考）weve offered her the job，but i dont know _ shell accept it.awhere bwhat cwhether dwhich23（2011江西高考）the villagers have already known _ well do is to rebuild the bridge.athis bthat cwhat dwhich24（2011江苏高考）it was never clear _ the man hadnt reported the accident sooner.athat bhow cwhen dwhy25（2011安徽高考）his writing is so confusing that its difficult to make out _it is he is trying to express.athat bhow cwho dwhat26（2011四川高考）our teachers always tell us to believe in _ we do and who we are if we want to succeed.awhy bhow cwhat dwhich27（2011辽宁高考）twenty students want to attend the class that aims to teach _ to read fast.awhat bwho chow dwhy28（2011辽宁高考）when the news came _ the war broke out，he decided to serve in the army.asince bwhich cthat dbecause29（2011天津高考）modern science has given clear evidence _ smoking can lead to many diseases.awhat bwhich cthat dwhere30（2013安徽皖南八校第二次联考）_ mo yan had been awarded the 2012 nobel prize for literature made us very proud.aas bthatcwhich dwhat31（2013山西第二次四校联考）generally speaking，being hardworking is just _ it takes to be successful in your career.awhat bthat cwhere dwhich32（2013浙江名校联盟第一次联考）_ made our school proud was _ more than 60% of the students were admitted to key universities in 2012.awhat；because bthat；whatcthat；because dwhat；that33（2013福建四地六校联考）_ some teenagers dont realize is _ difficult life can be after they get addicted to drugs.awhat；what a bthat；whatcwhat；how dthat；how34（2013河南中原名校联考）you know i gave up the job as a waiter and went to the little company.thats _ youve made a mistake.that company isnt well managed.awhat bwhy cwhere dhow参考答案 1d分析句子结构可知，it为形式主语，代替的是后面的主语从句，在主语从句中，及物动词do需要宾语，所以应选用连接代词what引导该从句。句意：总统能做点儿什么来结束这场罢工根本不清楚。2c句意：杰瑞不后悔作出评论，但他觉得他本可以用另一种方式表达。分析句子结构可知所填部分在句中起连接作用，且不需要什么意义，所以选c项。3a句意：在十字路口，你是向右拐还是向左拐都无所谓，两条路都通向那个公园。whether在此处引导主语从句，并与or呼应。4c句意：友善通常是坦率所产生的结果，这句话很有哲理。这里用that引导同位语从句陈述一个事实，说明idea的具体内容，连接词在从句中不充当任何成分。5c答句句意：我在找的是比这个大而且更结实的东西。这里用what引导主语从句，在从句中作look for的宾语。6d “_childrens early .grow up”在题中作evidence的同位语，解释evidence的内容，为同位语从句，且为陈述句，应用that来引导。句意：几年的研究表明，孩子早期的睡眠问题很可能在他们长大之后继续存在。故选d项。7b句意：一般来说，一个人的智力极限在出生时就确定了，但是能否达到这些极限却依赖后天的环境。where和why引导名词性从句时，在从句中分别作地点状语和原因状语；that引导名词性从句时，在从句中不作任何成分，也无词义；whether引导名词性从句时，意为“是否”。故只有b项符合题意。8c句意：我们承诺向任何参加聚会的人提供一个和电影明星合影的机会。promise sb. sth.“向某人承诺某事”。此处用whoever引导宾语从句并在从句中作主语。故选c项。9c分析句子结构可知，it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的从句。句意：村里的每个人都很友善，你在此居住的时间长短没有关系。根据句意以及从句中最后的or a long time可知，此处c项正确。10b空后的句意说明了通知的内容，所以选择的是notice后面同位语从句的引导词，由于从句意义完整，不需要句子成分，所以应选用连接词that。11d句意：他突然想到他把钥匙落在办公室里了。句首的it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句，that引导主语从句在从句中不作成分，但不能省略。12c此处为介词for后面的宾语从句，且从句中缺少及位物动词find的宾语，故排除a项和b项。句意：这个新来的人前几天进入一家图书馆搜寻他能找到的有关马克吐温的东西。whichever侧重在已知项中进行选择，不合句意。故c项正确。13b句意：在这家商店用现金或信用卡支付都是可以的。根据句中的or可以看出是两者，表示“或者”，构成whether.or.的形式。在此句中，it为形式主语，真正的主语是whether you pay by cash or credit card in this store。故选b项。14b句意：提供的课程多达五种，你可以任意选择最适合你的一门课程。分析句子结构可知所填部分在句中作主语，且根据句意可知选b项。whatever“无论什么”；whichever“无论哪一个”；whenever“无论何时”，wherever“无论何处”。15b句意：科学家通过研究人类大脑是如何运转来制作电脑。此句中指大脑运转的方式，因此应选用how。16c分析句子结构可知，that在此处引导同位语从句，解释说明promise的内容。that引导同位语从句时，不作成分，也不可省略。17b句意：巴巴拉琼斯给予她粉丝的是诚实和快乐。“_ barbara jones offers to her fans”在句中作主语，为主语从句。what引导主语从句并且在从句中作offers的宾语，故选b项。18a由从句中句式可看出为宾语从句，what接后面的中心词problems；而how后面接形容词或副词，因此应使用what。句意：这个令人震惊的消息使我意识到我们将会面临多么可怕的问题。故选a项。19d分析句子结构可知，该从句为同位语从句，具体说明evidence的内容。同位语从句中不缺少任何成分，排除a项和c项；if不能引导同位语从句，故排除。20d分析句子结构可知，介词of后面是一个宾语从句，宾语从句中understand后面缺少宾语，故选what。why不能作宾语；that引导宾语从句时，不作成分；which意为“哪一个，哪一些”，不合句意。21d句意：恐怕他说的比做的多，这就是他一事无成的原因。此处考查系动词be后的表语从句的引导词，根据句意，d项正确。22c此处是在及物动词know后面的宾语从句。且从句中主谓宾结构