高考英语二轮 语法学案（02）（构词法训练题）（配答案或解析）.doc

2013高考英语：（02）二轮语法学案（构词法）（训练题配答案或解析）构词法(一) 本单元的语法重点是构词法。语言最基本的要素之一是词汇，在日常生活中人们使用的是少量而又简单的词汇，这些词表示简单的事物和概念。这些词是语言中最基本的词在语言上称为原生词(primitives)也叫基本词或根词，随着语言的发展，原有的词已不够用，人们便按照一定的规律创造新词，称之为构词法(word forrfiation)。英语中的构词法有以下几种：1转化法：把一个单词由一种词类转化成另一种词类的方法。book(书)to book(订购) 名词动词 correct(正确的)to correct(改正) 形容词一动词 native(本地的)native(本地人) 形容词一名词2合成法：把两个或两个以上的词组成一个新词叫合成法。broadband=broad+band(宽带) mankind=man+kind(人类)3缩略法：把一个词缩短，不增减意义也不改变意义。 hiteeh=high+technology(高科技)e-school=electronic school网上学校 it=information technology信息技术csa=chinese space agency中国太空机构4缀合法：由词根加前缀、后缀构成新词的方法。 dis-honestdishonest不诚实的extremelyextremely特别地 un=endlyunfriendlv不友好的特别提醒：一些常见的前缀 (1)co-一together/with共同一起coworker合作者cooperate共同合作 (2)supermore than usual超过supermarket超市supernature超自然superheat过热 (3)trans across移上转上，在那一边translate翻译，转写transformer转变器，使变化的人(物) (4)tele：far远的telegraph电报telescope望远镜 (5)sub=under在下的subway地铁 (6)bio=life有生命的brography传记 (7)否定前缀： dis=agree同意disagree不同意appear出现disappear消失 cover覆盖discover发现 un=able能够 unable不能 fair公平的 unfair不公平的limited有限的 un=limited无限的tie系上 untie解开 in=complete完全的 incomplete不完全的 correct正确的 incorrect不正确的 im=possible可能的 impossible不可能的patient耐心的 impatient不耐烦的 non=stop停止non-stop不停的 smoker吸烟者 non=smoker不吸烟者 mis= understand理解 misunderstand误解考题 根据构词法，猜测下列画线词的含义(1) my cousin has an excellent voice. her dream is to be-come a superstar.a超人 b大人物 c超级明星 d球星(2) its important to learn how to cooperate with others.a操作 b动手术 c控制 d共同合作考题点拨：答案为(1)c super表示。超级，超”，star表示“明星”。故superstar表示“超级明星”。(2)d “co”表示。together，with，operate表示“操作”，cooperate表示“共同操作，共同合作”。*结束*结束21. english is one of the _ languages at international meetings. a. work b. working c. speaking d. spoken22. in such dry weather the flowers will have to be watered if they _. a. have survived b. would survive c. are to survive d. will survive23. no man is born _. we all need to learn to become _. a. wise; wise b. wisely; wisely c. wise; wisely d. wisely; wise24. _person like him wont be satisfied with _ little progress that he has made. a. the; a b. the; / c. a; / d. a; the 25. i dont think this jacket _ you and that your hat _ this jacket perfectly. a. suits; fits b. fits; matches c. matches; suits d. meets; fits26. the discovery of the new evidence led to _. a. the thief having caught b. catch the thief c. the thief being caught d. the thief to be caught 27. the media can often help solve problems and _ attention to situations _ help is needed. a. take; which b. draw; where c. pay; that d. draw; /28. i _ to help you to do homework but i couldnt spare any time. i _ a composition last night and ill finish it today.a. wanted; wrote b. had wanted; was writing c. have wanted; wrote d. wanted; have been writing29. eat _ cake you like and leave the other for _ comes in late. a any, who b. every, whoever c. whichever, whoever d. either, whoever30. i was scared and feeling pretty anxious, _ in a new country. a. for the first time i was b. this being my first time c. being my first time d. i was the first time 31.swimming alone _ be _ dangerous. do be careful. a. need, highly b. may, high c. can; highly d. can; high32. jane told the police man that her gold necklace _. a. was stolen of b. was robbed from c. had been stolen from d. had been robbed of 33.by no means _ to your parents.a. is this the first time you are lyingb. this is the first time you have liedc. this is the first time you tell a lied. is this the first time you have lied34. - who were those people with the flag? - a group _ itself the league for peace. a. calling b. called c. calls d. is called35.he was so pleased with all _ we had done for him _ he wrote us a letter to praise us for it.a. what; what b. what; that c. that; what d. that; that 答案21b. working languages工作语言；实用的，有用的语言 a working knowledge of computers22c. are to survive如果他们要存活的话，if条件句中不用将来时23 a. 第一空用形容词wise做主语补足语，第二空wise用形容词做表语24.d . a 冠词表示不定指，“象他这样的一个人” the表示定指，“他取得的那么一点点进步”25. b .fits表示大小尺寸的适合，物做主语， matches 表示相匹配。 26. c. led to 中的to是介词后接名词或动名词，e.g. lead to his being late27.b. draw attention to 吸引某人的注意力situation,case,后常用where 引导定语从句pay attention to 关注，注意 28.b. had wanted表示原本要做某事，从后句ill finish it today可知writing动作还没完成用进行时态was writing表示。29. d.解题关键是后句中的the other说明共有两块蛋糕，故第一空用either表示另外一块30.b. this being my first time 独立主格结构，31.c. can表示理论上的可能，highly表示抽象意义的高度危险。32.d. rob常用人sb.做宾语，rob sb. of sth 其中sth做of的宾语，而steal st