高考英语 阅读理解抓分练习精品题（22）.doc

2014高考英语阅读理解抓分练习精品（22）及答案阅读理解-ethe vienna-based researchers showed that dogs will stop doing a simple task when not rewarded if another dog, which continues to be rewarded, is presentthe experiment consisted of taking pairs of dogs and getting them to present a paw for a rewardon giving this “handshake” the dogs received a piece of foodone of the dogs was then asked to shake hands, but received no foodthe other dog continued to get the food when it was asked to perform the taskthe dog without the reward quickly stopped doing the task, and showed signs of anger or stress when its partner was rewardedto make sure that the experiment was really showing the interaction between the dogs rather than just the frustration of not being rewarded, a similar experiment was conducted where the dogs performed the task without the partnerhere they continued to present the paw for much longerdr frederike range from the university of vienna says this shows that it was the presence of the rewarded partner that was the greater influence on their behaviour“the only difference is one gets food and the other doesnt, they are responding to being unequally rewarded” she saidthe researchers say this kind of behaviour, where one animal gets frustrated with what is happening with another, has only been observed in primates（灵长类） beforestudies with various types of monkeys and chimpanzees show they react not only to seeing their partners receiving rewards when they are not, but also to the type of rewardthe dog study also looked at whether the type of reward made a differencedogs were given either bread or sausage, but seemed to react equally to eitherdr range says this may be because they have been trained72the dogs refused to give the paw when they_afound another dog was given nothingbfelt they were not treated equallycwere aware they received less fooddwere given too much reward73what would the dogs do if they presented their paw alone?athey would go on with the performance much longerbthey would be too shy to present their pawcthey would miss their partnersdthey would compare what they got with that of others74according to the passage, compared with dogs, monkeys and chimpanzees _apay no attention to the type of rewardbonly like to play interesting gamescpay attention to the type of reward as well as whether they are rewardeddcare more about how they are rewarded75which of the following can best summerise the passage?aanimals various ways to show angerbdogs are more envious than mancmost animals want to be be rewarded for their workdanimals also have a sense of fairplay 参考答案72b考查细节理解。第一段说从第三段可知，当一只狗看见同伴因为和人握手得到奖赏而自己没有时，它就不愿意继续继续和人握手。由此推断，狗也有公平意识和嫉妒心理。73a考查细节理解。第四段说在另外一个实验中，狗们独自进行和人握手的动作而没有任何报酬，其行为持续的时间更长得多。由此判断选a，没有了这种不公平，它们就会继续这样做。74c考查推理判断。从第六、八段可知，狗和其他动物的区别是c，猴子和猩猩关注是否得到奖赏，也关注奖赏的种类。75d考查主题大意。全文介绍的主题是d，奥地利科学家发现，实验表明动物和人一样，也有公平意识，它们“不患寡，患不均”，一旦受到不公平的待遇就会消极怠工。1the treadle pump is based on a design developed in the 1970s by norwegian engineer gunnar barnes. it can be made locally.the treadle pump is easy to build from bamboo or other wood and two metal cylinders (圆筒) with pistons (活塞). the pistons go up and down as a person stands on lever devices treadles and uses a natural walking motion.how many hours a day the pump needs to be operated depends on the season and how much water is needed for crops. it could be two hours a day. it could be seven hours a day.small children sometimes stand with their parents on the treadles. everyone in the family can take turns operating the pump.the acumen fund is a nonprofit group that invests in business projects to fight poverty. it studied the effects of treadle pumps in the indian state of uttar pradesh. uttar pradesh has three treadle pump manufacturers and more than seventythree thousand pumps.acumen reported that families using them ate more vegetables, because they were able to grow more to eat and to sell. many of these families also drank more milk, because they bought a cow with their added earnings. men with treadle pumps often no longer have to leave the farm to seek extra work in cities.the pump can also improve education. farmers often use their extra earnings to buy books for their children or to pay for schooling.a farmer in zambia said he hoped to have enough money in three years to buy a dieselpowered pump (柴油泵). then he could grow more crops over a larger area.but the world economic crisis has had an effect on some farmers. ide executive director zenia tata says some who were able to buy diesel pumps now do not have enough money to buy fuel. so they are using their treadle pumps again.【文章大意概括】脚踏泵因其简单、易行、实用之特点，正在世界的广大贫困地区被推广，以帮助农民脱贫致富，且已取得了显著的效果。1the treadle pump _.a. is invented by an american engineerb. is mainly made of metalc. consists of two cylinders with pistonsd. consists of two cylinders with an engine【详解剖析】事实细节题。根据第二段第一句可知答案为c。【最佳选项】c2what does the author want to tell us about the treadle pump in the second paragraph?a. its history.b. its working principle.c. its structure.d. its usage and effects.【详解剖析】作者意图题。a和d显然不对，c有一定干扰性，但其不能概括第二句，介绍工作原理时，一般要同时介绍其结构，故选b。【最佳选项】b3it can be inferred from the passage that _.a. it is easy to learn how to operate the treadle pumpb. it is difficult to build a treadle pumpc. the treadle pump is used more in winter than in summerd. operating the treadle pump can keep fit【详解剖析】推理判断题。b和c与文中内容相悖，可排除。易错选d，但文中没有依据，无法推知。根据第四段，小孩也可帮忙，家庭中每个人都可参与，可推知a为答案。【最佳选项】a4each treadle pump manufacturer in the indian state of uttar pradesh has produced on average about _.a. 18, 000 pumps b. 24, 000 pumpsc. 37, 000 pumps d. 73, 000 pumps【详解剖析】数据推算题。根据第五段第三句可知，该州共三家生产商，共有七万三千多架脚踏泵，平均每家生产两万四千架左右，故选b。【最佳选项】b5why does the farmer in zambia hope to buy a dieselpowered pump?a. because he wants to grow crops on a larger scale.b. because he hates to leave the farm to seek fortune in cities.c. because a dieselpowered pump is cheaper than before.d. because oil is much cheaper than before.【详解剖析】事实细节题。根据倒数第二段第二句可知答案。【最佳选项】a长难句解读ide executive director zenia tata says some who were able to buy diesel pumps now do not have enough money to buy fuel.该句为双重复合句。主句主语为ide executive director zenia tata，谓语为says，后面为省略了that的宾语从句。该宾语从句的主干部分为some do not have enoueh money to buy fuel，who were able to buy diesel pumps为定语从句，修饰主语some。 2it was near dusk, and kim cooper and her husband, steve, were trucking through northern kentucky transportation auto parts from louisville to detroit for a goods company. “steve, wake up！” she shouted. “theres a truck on fire！”inside the burning truck, ronnie sanders, 38, was fighting for his life. hed been running a heavy load of tractors and forklifts from georgia to indianapolis when a van in front of him stopped suddenly in traffic on the icy road. as ronnie bore down, he could see children in the backseat. the trucks bulk would probably protect him from the worst of the impact, but the force of 23 tons would likely crush(压碎) everyone inside the van.“i figured instead of killing other people, id just put the truck in the ditch. ”at the bottom, rocks cut a fuel tank, which caught fire. a tree branch destroyed the windshield and knocked ronnie unconscious. he came to life a couple of minutes later to find the cabin flames and his legs on fire.steve dashed to ronnie, who was hanging headfirst from the passenger door. ronnie had used his pocketknife to cut himself free from the driversside seat belt only to get his boot trapped in another one. steve climbed into the burning cab to free him.he tried three times to pull ronnie out before finally freeing him. but ronnies legs were still burning, so steve laid him on the ground, ripped off his own shirt, and beat the flames with it. hed managed to drag him about 20 yards when one of the trucks 150gallon fuel tanks exploded.both steve and ronnie paid a price for risking their lives for strangers. ronnie spent two months in the hospital and received skin grafts on both of his legs. steve suffered smoke breathing and minor burns, and shrapnel from the fuel tank explosion broke a tooth.in february, the coopers received a hero of the highway award from the open road foundation for rescuing an injured driver. steve insists ronnie is the real hero: “if he hadnt gone into the ditch, he would have hit that van. it was his decision to drive off the road.”“i feel pretty good about it，” says ronnie. “a lot of people could have been hurt.”解读：本文为记叙文，主要讲述了the coopers途中遇到ronnie开的大卡车着火了；ronnie为了不造成更大的伤害，不顾自身的安危，将卡车开进水沟里，而steve则竭尽全力救助ronnie。1. according to the passage, ronnies putting the truck in the ditch contributes to_.a. his concern for his own safetyb. his poor driving skillc. the icy roadd. his concern for others lives【详解剖析】细节推断题。由文章的第三段第一句话“i figured instead of killing other people，id just put the truck in the ditch.”可推断出。【最佳选项】d2. what probably made ronnie come to life after driving the truck in the ditch?a. the noise from the highway.b. the call from the coopers.c. the pain from the burning legs.d. the heat of the fire.【详解剖析】细节推断题。根据文章的第三段最后一句话he came to life a couple of minutes later to find the cab in flames and his legs on fire.利用排除法。【最佳选项】c3. how did steve put out the flames in ronnies legs?a. he beat the flames with ronnies shirt.b. he beat the flames with his own shirt.c. he put out the fire with a tank of water.d. he put out the fire with a bag of sand.【详解剖析】细节理解题。根据文章第五段第二句话，steve撕下自己的衬衫，用它来扑灭(ronnie双腿上的)火焰。【最佳选项】b4. what does the underlined word “shrapnel” in paragraph 6 mean?a. a branch of a tree.b. a small piece of metal.c. a wave of the explosion.d. the heat of the explosion.【详解剖析】词义猜测题。根据下文shrapnel from the fuel tank explosion broke a tooth可知是“油箱爆炸产生的金属片打碎了一颗牙”。【最佳选项】b5. which of the following can be the best title of this passage?a. heroes: the coopersb. heroes: roadside flamesc. accidents on the icy roadd. accidents in the ditch【详解剖析】确定文章标题。综观全文，a，c，d三项不够全面；而b项即表明事故，也表明了事故中竭力营救他人的英雄。【最佳选项】b第三部分阅读理解（共20小题，毎小题2分，满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（、）中，选出最佳选项。athe story goes that some time ago, a man punished his 3-year-old daughter for wasting a roll of gold wrapping papermoney was tight and he became infuriated（愤怒的） when the child tried to decorate a box to put under the christmas treenevertheless, the little girl brought the gift to her father the next morning and said, this is for you, daddy the man was embarrassed by his earlier overreaction, but his anger flared again when he found out the box was emptyhe yelled at her, stating, dont you know, when you give someone a present, there is supposed to be something inside? the little girl looked up at him with tears in her eyes and cried, oh, daddy, its not empty at alli blew kisses into the boxtheyre all for you, daddy the father was crushedhe put his arms around his little girl, and he begged for her forgivenessonly a short time later, an accident took the life of the childit is also told that her fa