高考英语 阅读理解精英训练题（18）.doc

2014高考英语阅读理解精英训练题（18）及答案 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（a、b、c和d）中，选出最佳选项。（a）it is easy for us to tell our friends from our enemiesbut can other animals do the same? elephants can! they can use their sense of vision and smell to tell the difference between people who pose a threat and those who do notin kenya, researchers found that elephants react differently to clothing worn by men of the maasai and kamba ethnic groupsyoung maasai men spear animals and thus pose a threat to elephants; kamba men are mainly farmers and are not a danger to elephantsin an experiment conducted by animal scientists, elephants were first presented with clean clothing or clothing that had been worn for five days by either a maasai or a kamba manwhen the elephants detected the smell of clothing worn by a maasai man, they moved away from the smell faster and took longer to relax than when they detected the smells of either clothing worn by kamba men or clothing that had not been worn at allgarment color also plays a role, though in a different wayin the same study, when the elephants saw red clothing not worn before, they reacted angrily, as red is typically worn by maasai menrather than running away as they did with the smell, the elephants acted aggressively toward the red clothingthe researchers believe that the elephants emotional reactions are due to their different interpretations of the smells and the sightssmelling a potential danger means that a threat is nearby and the best thing to do is run away and hideseeing a potential threat without its smell means that risk is lowtherefore, instead of showing fear and running away, the elephants express their anger and become aggressive1according to the passage, which of the following statements is true about kamba and maasai people? amaasai people are a threat to elephants bkamba people raise elephants for farmingcboth kamba and maasai people are elephant huntersdboth kamba and maasai people traditionally wear red clothing2how did the elephants react to smell in the study? athey attacked a man with the smell of new clothingbthey needed time to relax when smelling something unfamiliarcthey became anxious when they smelled kamba-scented clothingdthey were frightened and ran away when they smelled their enemies3what is the main idea of this passage? aelephants use sight and smell to detect dangerbelephants attack people who wear red clothingcscientists are now able to control elephants emotions dsome kenyan tribes understand elephants emotions very well4what can be inferred about the elephants behavior from this passage? aelephants learn from their experiencesbelephants have sharper sense of smell than sightcelephants are more intelligent than other animalsdelephants tend to attack rather than escape when in danger参考答案 （a） adaa 第三部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(a、b、c和d)中，选出最佳选项。a(2012山东潍坊三县市上学期联考)long bus rides are like television shows.they have a beginning，a middle，and an end with commercials(广告) thrown in every three or four minutes.the commercials are unavoidable.they happen whether you want them or not.every couple of minutes a billboard glides by outside the bus window.“buy super clean toothpaste.” “drink good wet root beer.” “fill up with pacific gas.” only if you sleep，which is equal to turning the television set off，are you spared the unending cry of “you need it！buy it now！”the beginning of the ride is comfortable and somewhat exciting，even if youve traveled that way before.usually some things have changednew houses，new buildings，sometimes even a new road.the bus driver has a style of driving and its fun to try to figure it out the first hour or so.if the driver is particularly reckless (鲁莽的) or daring，the ride can be as thrilling as a suspense story.will the driver pass the truck in time？will the driver move into the right or the left hand lane？after a while，of course，the excitement dies down.sleeping for a while helps pass the middle hours of the ride.food always makes bus rides more interesting.but youve got to be careful of what kind of food you eat.too much salty food can make you very thirsty between stops.the end of the ride is somewhat like the beginning.you know it will soon be over and theres a kind of expectation and excitement in that.the seat，of course，has become harder as the hours have passed.by now youve sat with your legs crossed，with your hands in your lap，with your hands on the armrest or even with your hands crossed behind your head.the end comes just at the right time.there are just no more ways to sit.56according to the passage，what do the passengers usually see when they are on a long bus trip?abuses on the road. bfilms on television.cadvertisements on the billboards. dgas stations.57the writer of this passage would probably favor _.abus drivers who arent reckless bdriving aloneca television set on the bus dno billboards along the road58the writer thinks that the end of the ride is somewhat like the beginning because both are _.aboring bcomfortable ctiring dexciting59what is the purpose of this passage?ato give the writers opinion about long bus trips.bto persuade you to take a long bus trip.cto explain how bus trips and television shows differ.dto describe the billboards along the road.56c从第一段的第五句话“every couple of minutes a billboard glides by outside the bus window.”可知，长途汽车旅行过程中常常会看到广告牌。57d从第一段最后一句话可知，作者认为，除非睡觉，相当于关掉电视，你才能免受无休止的“你需要它，现在就买下来吧”的喊叫的折磨，由此推断作者可能不喜欢路边的广告牌。58d根据第二段第一句话中的“the beginning of the ride is comfortable and somewhat exciting”及第三段的第一、二句话“the end of the ride is somewhat like the beginning.theres a kind of expectation and excitement in that.”可知答案。59a作者将长途汽车旅行与观看电视节目进行对比，讲述了旅行开始、中间、结束时的不同心情，向读者传达了他对长途汽车旅行的一种认识。.（2011四川卷）ein business, theres a speed difference: its the difference between how important a firms leaders say speed is to their competitive (竞争的) strategy（策略）and how fast the company actually moves. the difference is important regardless of industry and company size. companies fearful or losing their competitive advantage spend much time and money looking for ways to pick up the speed.in our study of 343 businesses, the companies that chose to go, go, go to try to gain an edge ended with lower sales and operating incomes than those that paused at key moments to make sure they were on the right track, whats more, the firms that “slowed down to speed up “improved their top and bottom lines ,averaging 40% higher sales and 52% higher operating incomes over a three-years period.how did they disobey the laws of business physics, taking more time than competitors yet performing better ? they thought differently about what “slower “and “faster” mean. firms sometimes fail to understand the difference between operation speed (moving quickly ) and strategic speed (reducing the time it takes to deliver value ). simply increasing the speed of production, for example , may be one way to try to reduce the speed difference . but that often leads to reduced value over time, in the form of lower-quality products and services.in our study, high performing companies with strategic speed always made changes when necessary . they became more open to idea and discussion. they encouraged new ways of thinking. and they allowed time to look and learn. by contrast (相比而言). performance suffered at firms that moved falt all the among their employer , and had little time thinking about changes.strategic speed serves as a kind of leadership . teams that regularly take time to get things right , rather than plough ahead full bore , are more successful in meeting their business goals . that kind of strategy must come from the top.57 . what does the underlined part “gain an edge ” in paragraph 2 mean ? a. increase the speed. b. get an advantage. c. reach the limit. d. set a goal58. the underlined part “the laws of business physics” in paragraph 3 means _. a. spending more time and performing worse. b. spending more time and performing better c. spending less time and performing worse d. spending less time and performing better 59. what can we learn from the text? a. how fast a firm moves depends on how big it is. b. how competitive a firm is depends on what it produces. c. firms guided by strategic speed take time to make necessary changes. d. firms guided by operational speed take time to develop necessary team spirit.60. where could be the last title for the text? a. improve quality? serve better. b. deliver value? plough ahead. c. reduce time? move faster. d. need speed? slow down.【答案】bdcdfallingwater has provided enjoyment to many people over the yearsfirst as a weekend retreat for the kaufmann family and their friends，and now as an unusual experience for visitors from near and far.when frank lloyd wright came to the site，he appreciated the powerful sound of the falls，the beauty of the young forest，and the amazing rocks.he understood that people were creatures of nature；therefore，an architecture which conformed to nature would conform to what was basic in people.for example，people inside fallingwater are protected as in a deep cave，but their attention is always directed toward the outside by low ceilings.the house hardly has a main entrance；there are many ways in and out，just like in nature while the materials of the structure mix with the coloring of rocks and trees.fallingwater opened a new chapter in american architecture，and is perhaps considered wrights greatest work.this is architecture that attracts our imagination，and allows us to see space and habitation in ways that seem new.in 1936，even before it was finished，knowledgeable people talked about this new work of frank lloyd wright.later people thought that wright had created a masterwork that appealed not only to professionals but to the public generally.fallingwater was not much like the earlier architecture that had made wright famous；it was just like any popular “dream house”yet now that fallingwater has been tested by halfacentury of the widest exposure，one can say that it marks a high point in wrights great career，in american architecture，in the architecture of this century，and possibly in all architecture.60for what purpose was fallingwater designed at the beginning?ato attract people near and far to visit it.bto provide a place for a rich family to spend their holidays.cto show frank lloyd wrights great talent.dto make the place wellknown to others.61according to the passage，the most impressive feature of fallingwater is that _.ait is designed as part of nature bit can protect people inside perfectlycit is designed by a famous architect dit lies in a manmade environment62from the passage，we know that _.afrank lloyd wright didnt understand nature very wellbfallingwater is a great house with no entrance in or outcfallingwater can inspire visitors imaginationdfallingwater has very wide caves and high ceilings inside63which of the following statements is true according to the passage?afallingwater stands on the highest position of america.bfallingwater was built about 50 years ago.cthere are many rocks and trees in the caves.dhuman habitations are always in line with nature.60b根据第一段中的“.first as a weekend retreat for the kaufmann family and their friends.”可知，答案为b项。61a根据第二段第二句“he understood that people were creatures of nature；therefore，an architecture which conformed to nature would conform to what was basic in people.”可知a项正确。62c根据第三段第二句“this is architecture that attracts our imagination，and allows us to see space and habitation in ways that seem new.”可知fallingwater能激发人的想象，是空间和住所完美结合的典范，故c项正确。63b根据最后一段中的“yet now that fallingwater has been tested by halfacentury of the widest exposure.”可知，该建筑物已经历了半个世纪的风雨，故b项正确。*结束 (2012西安第一次质检)helmsley park lane hotelvery good,8.2 score from 810 reviews36 central park south，midtown，new yorkthis 4star manhattan hotel offers views of central park and is 2 blocks from the 5th avenue subway station.this hotel features a 24hour gym and fullservice concierge.tel：8002214982(the usa)12125216640(international)holiday inn manhattan sixth avenuegood,7.7 score from 969 reviews125 west 26th street，chelsea，new yorkthis modern manhattan hotel is 10minute walk from the emprie state building and offers a 24hour gym and rooms with a 32inch flatscreen cable tv and an mp3 connection.book now or call：8002380767(the usa)crowne plaza times square manhattanvery good,8.1 score from 1,844 reviews1605 broadway avenue，midtown，new yorklocated on historic broadway，this manhattan hotel is 2 blocks from 49th street subway station.a 37inch flatscreen tv and an mp3 docking station are provided in every room.hotel front desk：12129774000(international)time hotelgood,7.5 score from 1,666 reviews224 west 49th street，midtown，new yorkset in midtown manhattans theatre district near times square and many other attractions，this hotel offers convenient services and contemporary guestrooms filled with comfortable amenities.reserve best hotel deals online or call：8007899887(the usa)12127797666(outside the usa)best western plus president hotel at times squaregood,7 score from 1,859 reviews234 w 48th street，midtown，new yorklocated in times square，this manhattan hotel provides rooms with free wifi.the hotel includes vietnamese cuisine at saigon 48 and is 2 blocks from the 50th st.subway station.tel：8007807234(the usa)64if you are in china and would like to book a hotel near central park in new york，you can call _.a8002214982 b12125216640 c8007899887 d1212779766665which is the most convenient way to reserve a room in time hotel?aby post. bin person. cby phone. din cash.66which one of these hotels may have the least satisfaction from customers?abest western plus president hotel at times squarebcrowne plaza times square manhattancholiday inn manhattan sixth avenuedhelmsley park lane hotel64b根据第一个旅馆的介绍可知，在中国预订一家纽约中央公园附近的旅馆应该拨打这家旅馆的国际电话12125216640。65c根据time hotel中最后一部分的内容再结合选项可知，在这家旅馆预订房间最方便的方式是“电话”预订。66a综合比较所有旅馆的评价得分可知，best western plus president hotel at times square的得分最低，故可推断消费者对其最不满意。*结束 (2012银川一中第四次考试)that year，in the local school，there was a new math teacher，as well as some new pupils.one of the new kids was the stupidest child that anyone had ever seen.it made no difference how quickly or how slowly they tried explaining numbers to him；he would always end up saying something enormously stupid.like two plus two was five，seven times three was twentyseven，or a triangle had thirty corners.before this boy arrived，math lessons had been the most boring of all.now they were great fun.encouraged by the new teacher，the children would listen to the pieces of nonsense spouted by the new kid，and they would have to correct his mistakes.whenever the new teacher asked questions，the stupid kid would stand up but made the wrong answers，the other students all wanted to be the first to find his mistakes，and then think up the most original ways to explain them.to do this they used all kinds of stuff：sweets，playing cards，oranges，paper planes，etc.it didnt seem like any of this bothered the new kid.however，little lewis was sure that it was bound to make him feel sad inside.lewis was sure he would see him crying.so，one day，he decided to follow the new kid home after school.on leaving school，the new kid walked a few minutes to a local park，and there he waited for a while，until someone came along to meet him.it was the new teacher!the teacher gave the new kid a hug，and off they went，hand in hand.following from a distance，lewis could hear they were talking about math.67the math lessons became interesting because of the new teachers _.acreativity bimagination cresponsibility dcuriosity68the passage implies that the stupidest child _.awas in great need of the math teachers help after classbwas by no means slow in mathchad no gift for math and was slow to learn itddisliked both the new math teacher and his lessons69according to the passage，lewis followed the stupid kid in order to _.alearn about where he lived bfind out if he felt upsetcsay something to comfort him dmake friends with him70what does the underlined word “this”in the third paragraph refer to?ato find the new kids mistakes.bto think up the most original ways to explain.cto use all kinds of stuff.dto follow him home after school.67a通读全文尤其是文章最后两段可以推知，数学课变得有趣的原因是老师的创造性：通过鼓励孩子们去给这个总是犯错的新生讲解，从而让其他学生在无形中学习数学。68b刘易斯出于好奇跟踪那个新生放学回家，结果发现跟他一起回家的是新来的数学老师，而且他们在讨论数学。据此不难看出傻孩子根本不傻，他总是犯错是为了让其他孩子在帮助他的过程中学习数学知识。69b根据第四段的前两句话可知答案。“feel sad inside”和“crying”与b选项中的“felt upset”相一致。70cthis指代的是上一句“to do this they used all kinds of stuff：sweets，playing cards，oranges，paper planes，etc.”。have you ever picked a job based on the fact that you were good at it but later found it made you feel very uncomfortable over time? when you select your career, theres a whole lot more to it than assessing your skills and matching them with a particular position. if you ignore your personality, it will hurt you long-term regardless of your skills or the jobs pay. there are several areas of your personality that you need to consider to help you find a good job. here are a few of those main areas; 1) do you prefer working alone or with other people? there are isolating（使孤立）jobs th