高考英语二轮专题复习 阅读理解 政治经济类提分训练（真题集锦含解析）新人教版(1).doc

政治经济类(2013陕西卷c)according to sociologists(社会学家), every modern industrial society has some form of social stratification(阶层). class, power and status are important in deciding peoples rank in society. class means a persons economic position in society. a commonly used classification is lower class, middle class and upper class. while sociologists disagree on how these terms should be exactly defined, they do describe societies like the united states quite well. one study shows that 53% of americans belong to the lower class, 46% the middle class, and 1% the upper class. interestingly, a surgeon earning $500, 000 a year and a bus driver earning $50, 000 a year both regard themselves as the middle class!power refers to the amount of control a person has over other people. obviously, people in positions of great power(such as governors)exercise(行使)big power, but people who take orders from others have less power. power and class do not always go hand in hand, however. for example, the governor of a state has great power, but he or she may not belong to a corresponding(相应的)economic class. generally, however, there is a relationship between power and class. to our knowledge, there arent too many people who arent millionaires in the u. s. senate!status is the honor or respect attached to a persons position in society. it can also be affected by power and class, but not necessarily so. for example, a university professor may have a high status but not belong to a high social class or have a lot of power over others. 【文章大意】本文谈到阶级、权力和地位在决定一个人的社会等级方面很重要,同时对这三个方面分别进行了进一步的描述。54. what can we learn about“the middle class”from paragraph 2?a. people earning $50,000 a year belong to the middle class.b. nearly half americans belong to the middle class.c. people generally consider bus drivers as the middle class.d. sociologists have a clear definition of the middle class.【解析】选b。推理判断题。第二段倒数第二句中提到“46% the middle class”,故b项对;a项说法太绝对,年收入5万美元的未必属于中产阶级;c项与原文意思不符;第二段第三句话提到社会学家们就这些阶层应该怎样被准确定义意见不一,故d项不对。55. according to the text, we know that.a. power and class do not always correspond with each otherb. status refers to a persons economic position in societyc. people with high status have a lot of control over othersd. class is less important in deciding a persons social rank【解析】选a。细节理解题。根据第三段第三句可知权力和阶级并不总是一致的,故a项对;class(阶级)指的是一个人的经济地位,而不是status,故b项不对;根据文章最后列举的大学教授的例子可以看出有很高的社会地位并不一定权力很大,故c项不对;文章提到的这三个方面并没有主次之分,故d项不对。56. which of the following shows the structure of the whole text?(p:paragraph)【解析】选a。逻辑结构题。文章第一段提出这三个方面对于决定一个人的社会等级重要,紧接着后三段对这三个方面分别进行了论述,因此是总分结构,故选a。(2013四川卷c)londona british judge on thursday sentenced a businessman who sold fake(假冒的)bomb detectors(探测器)to 10 years in prison, saying the man hadnt cared about potentially deadly consequences.it is believed that james mccormick got about $77.8 million from the sales of his detectorswhich were based on a kind of golf ball finderto countries including iraq, belgium and saudi arabia.mccormick, 57, was convicted(判罪)of cheats last month and sentenced thursday at the old bailey court in london.“your cheating conduct in selling a great amount of useless equipment simply for huge profit promoted a false sense of security and in all probability materially contributed to causing death and injury to innocent people, ”judge richard hone told mccormick.“you have neither regret, nor shame, nor any sense of guilt.”the detectors, sold for up to $42, 000 each, were said to be able to find such dangerous objects as bombs under water and from the air. but in fact they“lacked any grounding in science”and were of no use.mccormick had told the court that he sold his detectors to the police in kenya, the prison service in hong kong, the army in egypt and the border control in thailand.“i never had any bad results from customers, ”he said.【文章大意】本文主要讲述了商人mccormick由于出售没有科学依据的炸弹探测器而被判刑的故事。39.why was mccormick sentenced to prison?a.he sold bombs.b.he caused death of people.c.he made detectors.d.he cheated in business.【解析】选d。细节理解题。根据第一段可知mccormick由于出售假冒的炸弹探测器而被判处10年监禁,再结合第三段的mccormick, 57, was convicted of cheats last month可知选d项。40.according to the judge, what mccormick had done.a.increased the cost of safeguardingb.lowered peoples guard against dangerc.changed peoples idea of social securityd.caused innocent people to commit crimes【解析】选b。细节理解题。根据第四段的第一句话“your cheating conduct in selling a great amount of useless equipment simply for huge profit promoted a false sense of security and in all probability materially contributed to causing death and injury to innocent people”可知选b项。41.which of the following is true of the detectors?a.they have not been sold to africa.b.they have caused many serious problems.c.they can find dangerous objects in water.d.they dont function on the basis of science.【解析】选d。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段可知他把炸弹探测器卖给了the army in egypt可知a项错误;根据文章最后一句话“i never had any bad results from customers, ”he said.可知目前还没有造成很严重的问题, b项错误;根据法官起诉他的原因可知mccormick的炸弹探测器没有科学依据,故c项错误;根据第五段的最后一句话they“lacked any grounding in science”and were of no use可知d项正确。42.it can be inferred from the passage that mccormick.a.sold the