高考英语二轮阅读理解限时训练精品题（16）.doc

2014高考英语二轮阅读理解限时训练精品题（16）及答案 科普知识型阅读理解(二)-alast nights meteor(流星)shower left many people in the community dissatisfied and demanding answers.according to gabe rothschild, emerald valleys mayor, people gathered in the suburbs of the city, carrying heavy telescopes, expecting to watch the brightly burning meteors passing through the sky.what they found instead was a sky so brightened by the citys lights that it darkened the light of the meteors passing overhead.“my family was so frustrated，” admitted town resident duane cosby.“we wanted to make this an unforgettable family outing, but it turned out to be a huge disappointment.”astronomersscientists who study stars and planetshave been complaining about this problem for decades.they say that light pollution prevents them from seeing objects in the sky that they could see quite easily in the past.they call on people and the government to take measures to fight against it.there is yet a population besides professional and amateur star observers that suffers even more from light pollution. this population consists of birds, bats, frogs，snakes，etc.for example, outdoor lighting severely affects migrating (迁徙的)birds.according to the international darksky association，“100 million birds a year throughout north america die in crashes with lighted buildings and towers.”countless more animal casualties(伤亡) result from the use of artificial lighting.clearly，people enjoy the benefits of lighting their evenings, but some scientists think it can be harmful for humans，too.they worry that exposure to light while sleeping can increase a persons chances of getting cancer.emerald valley is only one community that is becoming aware of the negative effects of light pollution.for years, flagstaff, arizona, has enforced lighting regulations in its city in order to assist astronomers at the lowell observatory.similar efforts have been made worldwide, and a movement is underway to remind us to turn off lights when we are not using them, so that other creatures can share the night.1it happened last night that _a. the citys lights affected the meteor watchingbthe meteors flew past before being noticedcthe city light show attracted many peopledthe meteor watching ended up a social outing 2what do the astronomers complain about?ameteor showers occur less often than before.btheir observation equipment is in poor repair.clight pollution has remained unsolved for years.dtheir eyesight is failing due to artificial lighting.3what is the author concerned about according to paragraph 4?a. birds may take other migration paths.banimals living habits may change suddenly.cvarieties of animals will become sharply reduced.danimals survival is threatened by outdoor lighting.4lighting regulations in flagstaff, arizona are put into effect to_alessen the chance of getting cancerbcreate an ideal observation conditioncensure citizens a good sleep at nightdenable all creatures to live in harmony5what message does the author most want to give us?asaving wildlife is saving ourselves.bgreat efforts should be made to save energy.chuman activities should be environmentally friendly.dnew equipment should be introduced for space study.【参考答案解析】a【要点综述】 本文是一篇科普文，主要介绍了城市的光污染对日常生活、天文学家的工作以及动物的生活都产生了消极的影响。在flagstaff，arizona已经采取了灯光管理措施。 1a 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“so brightened by the citys lights that it darkened the light of the meteors passing overhead.”可知，昨天晚上由于城市的灯光太亮，影响了人们观看流星。故选a。2c细节理解题。根据第三段“have been complaining about this problem for decades. they say that light pollution prevents them from”可知，天文学家多年来一直在抱怨光污染问题未解决。故选c。3d推理判断题。根据第四段第一、二句“that suffers even more from light pollution. this population consists of birds, bats, frogs, snakes, etc.”以及本段最后一句“100 million birds a year throughoutdie in crashes with lighted buildings and towers.”可知，作者第四段主要叙述的是动物也受到了光污染的影响，甚至它们的生存也受到了影响。故选d。4b推理判断题。根据第六段第二句“has enforced lighting regulations in its city in order to assist astronomers at”可知，这条规定是为了给天文学家的工作创造理想的观察条件。故选b。5c主旨大意题。根据整篇文章的叙述，作者主要描述了城市的光污染对人们生活、工作以及动物的生存造成的影响，因此作者在文中呼吁我们人类的活动应该对环境有利。故选c。阅读理解-b boiler rooms are often dirty and steamy, but this one is clean and cool. fox point is a very new47-unit living building in south bronx, one of the citys poorest areas. two-thirds of the people living there are formerly (以前) homeless people, whose rent is paid by the government. the rest are low-income families. the boiler room has special equipment, which produces energy for electricity and heat. it reuses heat that would otherwise be lost to the air, reducing carbon emissions(碳排放)while also cutting costs. fox point is operated by palladian, a group that specializes in providing housing and services to needy, people. palladian received support from enterprise community partners (ecp), which helps build affordable housing by providing support to housing developers.ecp has created national standards for healthy, environmentally (环境方面) clever and affordable homes which are called, the green communities standards. these standards include water keeping, energy saving and the use of environmentally friendly building materials. meeting the standards increases housing construction costs by 2%, which is rapidly paid back by lower running costs. even the positioning of a window to get most daylight can help save energy.michael. bloomberg, new yorks mayor, plans to create 165,000 affordable housing units for500,000 new yorkers. almost 80% of new york citys greenhouse-gas emissions come from buildings, and 40% of those are caused, by housing. so he recently announced that the citys department of housing and preservation and development (dhpd) , whose duty is to develop and keep the citys supply of affordable housing, will require all its new projects to follow ecps green standards.similar measures have been taken by other cities such as cleveland and denver, but new yorks dhpd is the largest city developer of affordable housing in the country.( ) 1. what is the purpose of describing the boiler room in the first paragraph? a. to explain the measures the city takes to care for poor people. b. to suggest that affordable housing is possible in all areas.c. to show how the environment-friendly building works.d. to compare old and new boiler rooms.( ) 2. what is an advantage of the buildings meeting the green communities standards? a. lower running costs.b. costing less in construction. c. less air to be lost in hot days.d. better prices for homeless people.( ) 3. it can be learned from the text that, a. new york city is seriously pollutedb. peoples daily life causes many carbon emissions in new york cityc. a great number of people in new york city dont have houses to live ind. some other cities have developed more affordable housing than new york city( ) 4. what is the main purpose of this text? a. to call on people to pay more attention to housing problems.b. to prove that some standards are needed for affordable housing.c. to ask society to help homeless people and low-income families.d. to introduce healthy, environmentally clever-and affordable housing.语篇解读：本篇文章为科技说明文。作者以fox point居住群的boiler rooms为切入点，阐述此类房子的环保节能的优点，以及各城市特别是纽约队建造此类建筑的积极响应。1. 答案：c考点：作者的写作意图解析：从第一段最后两句，作者描述开水房仅是从一个侧面展示整个建筑群的节能，环保，可以得出答案。2. 答案：a考点：细节理解解析：依据文章第三段倒数第二句：meeting the standards increases housing construction costs by 2%, which is rapidly paid back by lower running costs.可得到答案。句意为“达到这一标准会将建筑成本提高2%，但很快会被它的低成本运行成本补回”3. 答案：b考点：细节理解解析：依据文章第四段第二句：almost 80% of new york citys greenhouse-gas emissions come from buildings, and 40% of those are caused, by housing.可得出答案4. 答案：d考点：作者的写作目的解析：本文主要让读者了解这类健康、环保、经济类住房。阅读理解-b feel tired lately?has a doctor said he cant find anything wrong with you?perhaps he sends you to a hospital,but all the advanced equipment there shows there is nothing wrong with you. then,consider this:you might be in a state of sub-health(亚健康). sub-health,also called the third state or gray state,is explained as borderline state between health and disease. according to the investigation by the national organization,over 45 percent of sub-health people are middle-aged or elderly.the percentage is even higher among people who work in management positions as well as students around exam-week. symptoms(征兆)include a lack of energy,depression,slow reactions,insomnia(失眠),agitation, and poor memory.other symptoms include shortness of breath,sweating and aching in the waist and legs. the key to preventing and recovering from sub-health,according to some medical experts,is to form good living habits, alternate work and rest, exercise regularly,and take part in open air activities. as for meals,people are advised to eat less salt and sugar.they should also eat more fresh vegetables,fruits,fish because they are rich in nutritional elementsvitamins and trace elements(微量元素)that are important to the body. nutrition experts point out that it is not good to eat too much at one meal because it may cause unhealthy changes in the digestive tract(消化道).they also say that a balanced diet is very helpful in avoiding sub-health.36.when you are in a state of sub-health,you should _.a.stay home and keep silentb.go to a doctor and buy some medicinec.not consider it very seriousd.find out the reasons and relax yourself提示:从全文可以看出，亚健康是身体对压力、疲劳的一种反应，即使最先进的仪器也查不出病因。所以不必去医院，也不必吃药，但是不能听之任之，不认真对待。正确的方法是找出原因、减轻压力、消除疲劳、平衡膳食。答案:d37.middle-aged people may be easy to get sub-health because _.a.they have used up their energyb.they have lost their living hopesc.they have more pressure in life and workd.they have changed their way of life提示:亚健康的起因与疲劳有关系，但不是已将体力用完，排除a项。b、d两项文章没涉及。根据常识和第四段最后一句，我们也能判断正确答案为c项。答案:c38.the key to preventing you from falling into a state of sub-health is to _.a. keep on working regularly b. go to sleep a bit earlierc. form good living habits d. take medicine if necessary答案:c 文章倒数第三段第一句“is to form good living habits”39.the underlined word “alternate” in this passage is closest in meaning to _.a. arrange by turns b. cause to take placec. make up for d. keep away from答案:a 从文中可看出：形成好的生活习惯，要劳逸结合，即轮流工作与休息科普知识型阅读理解(一)-ca great invention by an 18yearold high school student grew out of a simple problem most teenagers meet with.“im a teenager and i have a cellphone and my cellphone battery always dies, so i was really looking for a way to improve energy storage，” eesha khare said on tuesday. “thats how i came across supercapacitors.”the teenager from california, who graduated from high school last week, won a $50，000 prize on may 17, 2013 at the intel international science and engineering fair for creating a device that can store enough energy to charge a cellphone in 20 to 30 seconds. “it charges very quickly and can store a lot of energy，” khare said. “the cool thing is that its a lot thinner than one hair.” khare hasnt used her invention to recharge a cellphone yet, but she used it to power a lightemitting diode (led) in order to show its capability(容量). if used on cellphones, the supercharger would slide on to the phones battery to charge it in a matter of seconds. the technology isnt available to consumers yet, and it could be years until it is.at an intel event in phoenix, khare won the intel foundation young scientist award, taking second place overall in the worlds largest high school science research competition. she beat out more than 1，600 finalist