高考英语二轮阅读理解精英训练精品题（21）.doc

2014高考英语二轮阅读理解精英训练精品题（21）及答案高考英语冲刺阅读理解专项-aeverybody is happy as his pay rises. yet pleasure at your own can disappear if you learn that a fellow worker has been given a bigger one. indeed, if he is known as being lazy, you might even be quite cross. such behavior is regarded as “all too human”, with the underlying belief that other animals would not be able to have this finely developed sense of sadness. but a study by sarah brosnan of emory university in atlanta, georgia, which has just been published in nature, suggests that it is all too monkey, as well. the researchers studied the behaviors of some kind of female brown monkeys. they look smart. they are good-natured, co-operative creatures, and they share their food happily. above all, like female human beings, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of “goods and services” than males. such characteristics make them perfect subjects for doctor brosnans study. the researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens (奖券) for food. normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for pieces of cucumber. however, when two monkeys were placed in separate and connected rooms, so that each other could observe what the other is getting in return for its rock, they became quite different. in the world of monkeys，grapes are excellent goods (and much preferable to cucumbers). so when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token, the second was not willing to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber. and if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either shook her own token at the researcher, or refused to accept the cucumber. indeed, the mere presence of a grape in the other room (without an actual monkey to eat it) was enough to bring about dissatisfaction in a female monkey.the researches suggest that these monkeys, like humans, are guided by social senses. in the wild, they are co-operative and group-living. such co-operation is likely to be firm only when each animal feels it is not being cheated. feelings of anger when unfairly treated, it seems, are not the nature of human beings alone. refusing a smaller reward completely makes these feelings clear to other animals of the group. however, whether such a sense of fairness developed independently in monkeys and humans, or whether it comes from the common roots that they had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question. 1. according to the passage, which of the following statements is true? a. only monkeys and humans can have the sense of fairness in the world. b. women will show more dissatisfaction than men when unfairly treated. c. in the wild, monkeys are never unhappy to share their food with each other.d. monkeys can exchange cucumbers for grapes, for grapes are more attractive. 答案解析：答案为b。本题为推断题，考生需通读全文进行推断。本文讲述了当受到不公平待遇的时候，每个人都会生气，包括动物。但是雌性的动物比雄性的动物更加在意不公平的待遇，研究中用猴子作为实验来证明这一点。文章中第二段 “above all, like female human beings, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of “goods and services” than males.” 与第三段 “such characteristics make them perfect subjects for doctor brosnans study.” 都有此表达，故答案为b “当受到不公平待遇的时候，女性比男性更加不满”。 从最后一段 “refusing a smaller reward completely makes these feelings clear to other animals of the group. however, whether such a sense of fairness developed independently in monkeys and humans, or whether it comes from the common roots that they had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.”中可知，independently (独立)对应a选项中的only，whetheroran unanswered question（是否或者未知的问题）的表达方式与a选项的意思 “只有猴子与人类才具有公平意识” 不同，故a选项是错误的。从第三段 “normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for pieces of cucumber. however, when two monkeys were placed in separate and connected rooms, so that each other could observe what the other is getting in return for its rock, they became quite different.”可知，猴子乐意用石块交换黄瓜，但是当看到另外一只猴子因为石块得到的回报，态度就不一样了。因此c选项 “猴子从不会不高兴彼此分享食物” 与该句意思不符。从第四段首句 “in the world of monkeys，grapes are excellent goods (and much preferable to cucumbers).” 中注意 “excellent (极好的)” 与 “ preferable(更好的)” 两词，与d选项 “for grapes are more attractive（更具有吸引力的）” 意思不一致。综上分析，a, c, d都不符合文章意思。2. the underlined statement “it is all too monkey” means that _. a. monkeys are also angry with lazy fellows b. feeling bitter at unfairness is also monkeys nature c. monkeys, like humans, tend to be envious of each other d. no animals other than monkeys can develop such feelings 答案解析：答案为b。本题为句意推断题。结合文章第一段中 “all too human”前面的内容是说当得知别人懒惰却加薪更多的时候，人人都会生气，这是人的本能。接下来提到的 “it is all too monkey” 也是表达 “猴子受到不公平待遇的时候感到痛苦也是猴子的本能。”的意思。故答案为b。a选项 “猴子对懒惰的同伴也会生气”, c选项 “猴子像人类一样会彼此嫉妒”, d选项 “除了猴子没有其他的动物会有那种感觉” 都与文章意思不符。3. female monkeys of this kind are chosen for the research most probably because they are _ . a. more likely to weigh what they get b. attentive to researchers instructions c. nice in both appearance and behaviorsd. more ready to help others than their male companions 答案解析：答案为a。本题为细节推理题。从文章中第二段 “above all, like female human beings, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of “goods and services” than males.” 与第三段 “such characteristics make them perfect subjects for doctor brosnans study.” 可知，雌性的猴子作为实验是因为她们比雄性的猴子更加关注 “物品与服务” 的价值。a选项 “她们更有可能掂量（weigh）她们得到的”, 与上述分析意思一致，故答案为a。b和d在文章中都未提到；c并不是根本的原因。4. which of the following conclusions is true according to the passage? a. human beings feelings of anger are developed from the monkeys. b. in the research, male monkeys are less likely to exchange food with others. c. co-operation between monkeys stays firm before the realization of being cheated. d. only monkeys and humans have the sense of fairness which dates back to 35 million years ago. 答案解析：答案为c。本题为细节理解题。从文章最后一段 “such co-operation is likely to be firm only when each animal feels it is not being cheated.” 可知，只有当每个动物感觉没有被欺骗的时候合作的态度才是坚定的”, c选项的意思 “意识到被欺骗之前猴子之间的合作非常坚定” 与上述分析一致。解答此题注意同义句的转换表达。a, b, d 与文章意思不符合。5. what can we infer about the monkeys in sarahs study? a. the monkeys can be trained to develop social senses. b. they usually show their feelings openly as humans do.c. the monkeys may show their satisfaction with equal treatment. d. co-operation among the monkeys remains effective in the wild. 答案解析：答案为c。本题为推断题。文章中说，猴子受到不公平待遇的时候会生气，这句话的意思就是c选项的表达 “猴子受到公平待遇的时候会满意”，故答案为c。解答此题仍然要注意推理题设置的技巧：用不同的表达方式来表达同样的意思。从文章最后一段 “the researches suggest that these monkeys, like humans, are guided by social senses. in the wild, they are co-operative and group-living.” 可知，猴子自身就有社会意识，而不是通过训练获得，故a错误。b，d在文章中未提及。 高考英语冲刺阅读理解专项-aredheaded birthday boy jake balcom, newly 11, walked into the principals office at centennial lane elementary school in ellicott city ready for his big surprise. his name had been announced over the loudspeaker moments earlier. today was going to be special.back in the daylike, before fifth grade jakes parents would bring cupcakes to school in his honor. but this year, for the first time, his howard county school has forbidden parents from bringing “edible treats” for students birthdays. that means no more cupcakes, brownies, chocolate chip cookies, birthday cake, ice cream, rice krispies treats or pizza. instead, jake got a handshake from principal robert bruce and a colorful pencil and a card.“we hope that you have a terrific birthday,” the card read.jake just smiled, and went back to class.centennial lane is part of a movement across the washington area and the country to take the battle against childhood obesity to one of educations most beloved functions: the school party. but some are worried that the fight is going one step too farand taking some of the fun out of being a kid.schools, where many children eat two of their days meals, are being pushed to the front lines of the battle against kiddy bulge. a federal law requires schools to create wellness policies that encourage students to be more active and eat more healthfully. some schools in virginia have started exercise clubs. in maryland, schools are cracking down on vending-machine junk food.according to the centers for disease control and prevention (cdcp), the proportion of overweight children ages 6 to 11 has skyrocketed in recent decades, from 7 percent in 1980 to 16 percent in 2002. among 12 to 19-year-olds, the rate of obesity more than tripled, from 5 percent to 16 percent. health officials have called obesity a pandemic (流行病).at centennial lane, the principal said some parents have complained about the schools new policy, and others have adapted by bringing in nonfood treatssuch as rulers or erasers.jake balcom said he missed bringing treats to school. but he wasnt too bothered by their absence because he had celebrated his birthday with friends. they went to see the movie “wallace & gromit: the curse of the were-rabbit” and shared his birthday cake at his house.1. what is jake balcoms reaction to his gifts for his 11-year-old birthday from his school ? a. he felt puzzled by the gifts quite different from the former ones. b. he almost felt the same as before because he had celebrated his birthday with friends. c. he preferred chocolate chip cookies, birthday cake, ice cream than pencils and cards. d. he would rather have a birthday party than a handshake from the principal. 答案解析：答案为b。本题为细节推理题。由第四段 “jake just smiled, and went back to class.”和最后一段 “but he wasnt too bothered by their absence because he had celebrated his birthday with friends.” 可知，答案为b。 2. the underlined phrase “kiddy bulge” (in paragraph 6 ) means “_”. a. parents gifts b. childrnes parties c. kids overweight d. childrens exercises 答案解析：答案为c。本题为词义推测题。结合该词所在的下文 “that encourage students to be more active and eat more healthfully. some schools in virginia have started exercise clubs. in maryland, schools are cracking down on vending-machine junk food.” 和下一段的首句 “the proportion of overweight children ages 6 to 11 .” 可知，答案为c。 3. which of the following is ture according to the passage?a. parents all agree that the fight against childhood obesity is going too far. b.according to cdcp, the proportion of overweight children has had a tendency of increasing. c. for this years halloween party, kids can enjoy what they like as usual. d. jake balcom is a primary school pupil in fourth grade. 答案解析：答案为b。本题为细节题。由倒数第三段的数据 “from 7 percent in 1980 to 16 percent in 2002. among 12 to 19-year-olds, the rate of obesity more than tripled, from 5 percent to 16 percent.” 可知，肥胖儿童的比例已经呈现增长趋势，故答案b正确。由第五段 “ to take the battle against childhood obesity to one of educations most beloved functions: the school party. but some are worried that the fight is going one step too farand taking some of the fun out of being a kid.” 可知，选项a错误。由第二段 “that means no more cupcakes, brownies, chocolate chip cookies, birthday cake, ice cream, rice krispies treats or pizza. instead, jake got a handshake from principal robert bruce and a colorful pencil and a card.” 可知，选项c错误。由第二段首句 “back in the daylike, before fifth grade jakes parents would bring cupcakes to school in his honor.” 可推理，五年级之前的四年级，父母会带cupcakes到学校，可见jake balcom现在应该是五年级的学生了。故选项d错误。4. which of the following is the measure taken by the centennial lane elementary school? a. starting exercise clubs. b. cracking down on vending-machine junk food. c. forbidding parents from taking the food to the school. d. taking all the fun out of being a kid. 答案解析：答案为c。本题为细节题。题干对centennial lane elementary school所采取的措施提问。由第二段 “has forbidden parents from bringing “edible treats” for students birthdays.” 和第五段 “centennial lane is part of a movement ”可知，c选项正确。由第六段 “some schools in virginia have started exercise clubs. in maryland, schools are cracking down on vending-machine junk food.” 可知，选项a，b错误。第五段最后一句话提到 “but some are worried that the fight is going one step too farand taking some of the fun out of being a kid.” ，故选项d错误。高考英语冲刺阅读理解专项-ba popular saying goes, “sticks and stones may break my bones, but words will never hurt me.” however, thats not really true. words have the power to build us up or tear us down. it doesnt matter if the words come from someone elses or ourselves - the positive and negative effects are just as lasting. we all talk to ourselves sometimes. were usually too embarrassed to admit it, though. in fact, we really shouldnt be because more and more experts believe talking to ourselves out loud is a healthy habit.this “self-talk” helps us motivate ourselves, remember things, solve problems, and calm ourselves down. be aware, though, that as much as 77% of self-talk tends to be negative. so in order to stay positive, we should only speak words of encouragement to ourselves. we should also be quick to give ourselves a pat on the back. the next time you finish a project, do well in a test, or finally clean your room, join me in saying “good job!”often, words come out of our mouths without us thinking about the effect they will have. but we should be aware that our words cause certain responses in others. for example, when returning an item to a store, we might use warm, friendly language during the exchange. and the clerk will probably respond in a similar manner. or harsh（刻薄的）and critical language will most likely cause the clerk to be defensive.words possess power because of their lasting effect. many of us regret something we once said. and we remember unkind words said to us! before speaking, we should always ask ourselves: is it loving? is it needed? if what we want to say doesnt pass this test, then its better left unsaid.words possess power: both positive and negative. those around us receive encouragement when we speak positively. we can offer hope, build self-esteem（自尊）and motivate others to do their best. negative words destroy all those things. will we use our words to hurt or to heal? the choice is ours.1. the main idea of the first paragraph is that _.a. words have a lasting effect on us b. not sticks and stones but words will hurt usc. inspiring words give us confidence d. negative words may let us down答案解析：答案为a。本题考查段落大意。段落大意一般通过段落的topic sentence来体现，第一段的最后一句话 “the positive and negative effects are just as lasting.” 即为该段的 topic sentence, 故a选项正确.。2. there is no sense for us to feel embarrassed when we talk to ourselves because _.a. it does no harm to have “self-talk” when we are aloneb. almost everybody has the habit of talking to themselvesc. we can benefit from talking to ourselvesd. talking to ourselves always gives us courage答案解析：答案为c。本题为推理题。由第三段 “this “self-talk” helps us motivate ourselves, remember things, solve problems, and calm ourselves down. be aware, though, that as much as 77% of self-talk tends to be negative. so in order to stay positive, we should only speak words of encouragement to ourselves.”可知，虽然77%的自言自语是消极的，但是自言自语可以激发我们，帮助我们记住事情、解决问题和使我们保持镇定。为了保持积极，我们对自己应该只讲鼓励的话语。由此可推断，自言自语让我们收益。故c选项正确，a选项错误。b选项只是一种现象，不是原因，d选项显得绝对，故均不选。3the underlined part in the third paragraph means that we should also occasionally _.a. give ourselves amusement b. praise ourselves c. remind ourselves d. make ourselves relaxed答案解析：答案为b。本题为句意推断题。结合划线部分的下文 “the next time you finish a project, do well in a test, or finally clean your room, join me in saying good job!” 可知，当我们完成了任务，考试考得好，或者打扫完房间后，要对自己说“干得好！”，故可推断划线部分应该意为表扬我们自己。4the author would probably hold the view that _.a. it is better to think twice before talking to others b. encouraging words are sure to lead to kind offersc. negative words may stimulate us to make more progressd. people tend to remember friendly words答案解析：答案为a。由倒数第二段 “before speaking, we should always ask ourselves: is it loving? is it needed? if what we want to say doesnt pass this test, then its better left unsaid.” 可知，作者认为在我们讲话前要想一想所讲的话受人喜欢吗？受人需要吗？如果不是这样，就最好不要讲。再结合最后一段，话语有着积极和消极的力量，因此我们讲话一定要小心。故答案为a，最好三思而后言。高考英语冲刺阅读理解专项-bthe amount of time children spend in institutional care（机构式照顾）may affect how their brains develop. thats the conclusion of a new study carried out by researchers at the university of wisconsin, harvard medical school and the university of minnesota. the study is published in child development in the journals january/ february 2010 issue.to learn how the lack of care and material needs that institutionalized children often experience affect brain development, the researchers looked at 132 8- and 9-year-olds. some of them were adopted into u.s. homes after spending at least a year and three quarters of their lives in institutions in asia, latin america, russia and eastern europe, and africa. others were adopted by the time they were 8 months old into u.s. homes from foster care（寄养）in asia and latin america; most of these children had spent no time in institutional care, while some had spent a month or two in institutions prior to foster placement. on average, the internationally adopted children had been living with their families for more than 6 years. these children were compared to a group of american children raised in their birth families.children adopted early from foster care didnt differ from children raised in their birth families in the united states. children adopted from institutional care performed worse than those raised in families on tests measuring visual memory and attention, learning visual information, and impulse （冲动）control. yet these children performed at developmentally appropriate levels on tests involving sequencing and planning.the take-home message: children make tremendous advances in cognitive（认知的） functioning once they rea