高考英语二轮阅读理解三月特训（58）.doc

2014高考英语二轮阅读理解三月特训 史地自然型阅读理解-(一)the pacific island nation of nauru used to be a beautiful place.now it is an ecological disaster area.naurus heartbreaking story could have one good consequenceother countries might learn from its mistakes.for thousands of years，polynesian people lived in the remote island of nauru，far from western civilization.the first european to arrive was john fearn in 1798.he was the british captain of the hunter, a whaling ship.he called the island pleasant island.however, because it was very remote, nauru had little communication with europeans at first.the whaling ships and other traders began to visit，bringing guns and alcohol.these elements destroyed the social balance of the twelve family groups on the island.a tenyear civil war started，which reduced the population from 1，400 to 900.naurus real troubles began in 1899 when a british mining company discovered phosphate(磷酸盐)on the island.in fact，it found that the island of nauru was nearly all phosphate，which was a very important fertilizer for farming.the company began mining the phosphate.a phosphate mine was not a hole in the ground；it was a strip mine.when a company stripmined，it removed the top layer of soil.then it took away the material it wanted.strip mining totally destroyed the land.gradually, the lovely island of nauru started to look like the moon.in 1968，nauru became one of the richest countries in the world.every year the government received millions and millions of dollars for its phosphate.unfortunately, the leaders invested the money unwisely and lost millions of dollars.in addition，they used millions more dollars for personal expenses.soon people realized that they had a terrible problemtheir phosphate was running out.ninety percent of their island was destroyed and they had nothing.by 2000，nauru was financially ruined.experts say that it would take approximately$433，600，000 and more than 20 years to repair the island.this will probably never happen.1what might be the authors purpose in writing the text?ato seek help for naurus problems.bto give a warning to other countries.cto show the importance of money.dto tell a heartbreaking story of a war.2what was nauru like before the europeans came?arich and powerful.bmodern and open.cpeaceful and attractive.dgreedy and aggressive.3the ecological disaster in nauru resulted from_asoil pollutionbphosphate overminingcfarming activitydwhale hunting4which of the following was a cause of naurus financial problem?aits leaders misused the money.bit spent too much repairing the island.cits phosphate mining cost much money.dit lost millions of dollars in the civil war.5what can we learn about nauru from the last paragraph?athe ecological damage is difficult to repair.bthe leaders will take the experts words seriously.cthe island was abandoned by the nauruans.dthe phosphate mines were destroyed.(一)【要点综述】 文章主要讲述了太平洋岛国瑙鲁如何从一个环境优美的天堂岛变成一个生态失衡、满目疮痍的小岛。1b 写作意图题。由文章第一段的“now it is an ecological disaster area.naurus heartbreaking story could have one good consequenceother countries might learn from its mistakes.”可以看出，作者的目的是给当前很多只注重发展经济而忽略环境保护的国家一个警告。故选b项。2. c细节理解题。从第一段提到的“太平洋上的国家瑙鲁岛曾经是一个美丽的地方”看出，瑙鲁岛是attractive；由第二段第一句以及第三段第一句可知，上千年来，瑙鲁岛的人们生活在偏远的小岛上，过着平静的生活。故选c项。3b 细节理解题。由最后一段的“soon people realized that they had a terrible problemtheir phosphate was running out.ninety percent of their island was destroyed and they had nothing.”可以得知“磷酸盐逐渐减少，开采殆尽”。由此可以看出，“磷酸盐的过量开采”导致了生态灾难。故选b项。4a 细节理解题。由最后一段的“unfortunately，the leaders invested the money unwisely and lost millions of dollars.in addition，they used millions more dollars for personal expenses.”看出，是领导人不正确使用资金导致了财政问题。故选a项。5a 推理判断题。文章最后告诉我们：experts say that it would take approximately $433，600，000 and more than 20 years to repair the island.也就是说，瑙鲁岛上的生态损失弥补起来需要大量的资金和时间，即选项所说的“修复起来很难”。故选a项。阅读理解(共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(a、b、c和d)中，选出最佳选项。【广东省2012届高三考前冲刺卷(五)】 aboys need friends，suffer when they dont believe they have any，and worry over the ups and downs of relationships.many adults believe that somehow boys need friends less than girls do，in truth，though，no boy is an island；boys value their friends throughout childhood and adolescence and are happier and healthier when they have solid relationships with peers.despite the common belief that girls are better at relationships，most boys consider their friends a very important part of their lives，and boys may actually be better at keeping friendships than girls are.a recent study of 10to15yearold boys and girls found that girlsfriendships are actually more fragile.girls tend to say and do hurtful things to each other more frequently than boys，and girls are more hurt by the end of a friendship.boys are the living definition of the phrase “peer group”；they love games with rules，competition，and doing things together.boys seem to enjoy，even need the opportunity to test themselves against others，and many lasting friendships begin in karate (空手道) class or on the basketball court.competence and skill are widely respected；being picked last for a team or left out altogether is an experience that can haunt (萦绕心头) a boy for years.as boys mature，the friendship becomes even more important，and it frequently widens to include girls.during the teen years，friends can become the most important part of a boys lifeand a part in which his parents are not included.the confusion of being a teenager leads boys to form close bonds with friends.there is the sense for many boys that a friend is someone who is “always there for me”，someone he can trust.they may be partners in crime or partners in study，but the friendship of adolescent boys can run surprisingly deep.26the common belief of adults is that boys _.adont care about others as much as girlsbdont value friendships as much as girlschave the same friendship as girls dhave healthier friendship than girls27according to the passage，_.aboys usually build friendships by playing competitive games bboys like to have small groups of friends cboysfriendships seldom result in anyone being hurt dboysfriendships can hardly end in failure28the author mentions the study in para.2 to prove _.agirls value relationships more than boysbmost boys consider their friends very importantcboys may be better at keeping friendships than girlsdboys may be more active in a friendship29as a boy gets older，he tends to _.awiden his circle of friends to include his parentsbshift his focus from his friends to himself cleave his parents out of his friendsdbe confused about what a friendship is 30whats the best title of the passage?afriendships between boys and girlsbboys and their friendshipcchildhood and adolescent friendshipdtips on making friends with boys26b细节理解题。根据第一段“many adults believe that somehow boys need friends less than girls do.”可知答案为b。27a推理判断题。根据第三段“boys seem to enjoy，even need the opportunity to test themselves against others，and many lasting friendships begin in karate class or on the basketball court.”可推知答案为a。28c推理判断题。该研究显示“girlsfriendships are actually more fragile”，并解释了其原因，由此可推知男孩比女孩更注意对友谊的维护。29c细节理解题。根据最后一段“a part in which his parents are not included”可知答案为c。30b主旨大意题。本文说明了男孩怎样重视友谊，并分析了男孩间的友谊，因此b为正确答案。史地自然型阅读理解- (二)if you are afraid of the dark，its not a big deal.its perfectly normal to feel afraid. after all，animals do，too. “fear matters，”says karen warkentin，an ecologist.“its a good thing，” she adds, “because fear makes you do things that keep you alive.”like kids，many animals experience fear and they respond to the feeling in variety of ways.a frightened turtle pulls its head and legs inside its shell.a small fish will swim away when a big，hungry fish approaches.some animals respond to fear in ways you might not expect.the first example is that the fear of being eaten can scare some frogs right out of their eggs. warkentin made the surprising discovery while studying redeyed tree frogs in costa rica.in this species，female frogs attach jellylike clumps(果冻一样的块状物)of their eggs to the undersides of leaves.the leaves hang on branches that dangle(悬挂)over ponds.after they hatch from the eggs，the tadpoles(蝌蚪)then fall into the water，where they eventually grow into adult frogs.tree frog eggs usually grow for 6 days before hatching.if they sense that a hungry snake is about to attack，however，they can hatch up to 2 days ahead of the schedule. as the snakes are unable to swim，by falling into the water early，the tadpoles can escape.if hatching early helps protect redeyed tree frogs from snakes，you might wonder why their eggs dont always hatch sooner.it turns out that hatching early brings its own danger.once tadpoles land in the water，hungry fish and other animals like to eat them, too.staying in their eggs for 6 days，then，allows frog embryos(胚胎)to grow big and strong.this extra growth improves their chances of surviving in the water.1it can be inferred from the passage that fears_ahelp animals grow bigger and strongerbare less common among young animalschelp animals move a lot to fit the environmentdare more or less important for animals to survive2we are told in the passage that tree frogs_aface danger both inside their eggs and in the waterbwill grow fast if they fall into the water latercare surprisingly clever when inside their eggsdstay in their eggs longer if they are frightened3why do the tadpoles hatch up to 2 days ahead of the schedule？because_athey like falling into the water earlybthey want to grow into adult frogscthey sense a hungry snake is about to attackdfrog embryos can grow strong4what is the best title of the passage?awhat is fear?bwhy do we feel afraid?cyou feel afraid；animals do, toodfear is a good thing5what would be discussed in the following paragraph?afurther explanations as to why tree frogs hatch ahead of the schedule.bhow the unborn frogs know when a snake is about to attack them.canother example of animals that respond to fear in an unexpected way.dhow tree frogs improve their chances of survival before falling into the water.(二)【要点综述】 本文主要论述的是恐惧是人类和动物常见的一种现象，有时恐惧是一件好事。动物对于恐惧的反应是不同的，有些反应方式甚至超乎人们的想象。1d推理判断题。根据“because fear makes you do things that keep you alive.”可知d项正确。2a细节理解题。根据“if they sense that a hungry snake is about to attack，however，they can hatch up to 2 days ahead of the schedule.”和“once tadpoles land in the water，hungry fish and other animals like to eat them，too.”可知，它们在孵化期间害怕蛇的攻击，在水里害怕被其他动物吃掉。故选a项。3c细节理解题。根据“if they sense that a hungry snake is about to attack，however，they can hatch up to 2 days ahead of the schedule.as the snakes are unable to swim，by falling into the water early，the tadpoles can escape.”可知，因为对它们有威胁的蛇不会游泳，所以提前孵化出来，掉到水里，蝌蚪就能够逃离蛇的攻击了。故选c项。4d主旨大意题。文章通过举例说明害怕是一件好事。故选d项。5c篇章结构题。根据“some animals respond to fear in ways you might not expect.the first example is that the fear of being eaten can scare some frogs right out of their eggs.”可知，既然这是举例，有了第一个例子，那么它的后面还会有例子。故选c项。【广东省2012届高三考前冲刺卷(五)】 bchildren start out as natural scientists，eager to look into the world around them.helping them enjoy science can be easy；theres no need for a lot of scientific terms or expensive lab equipment.you only have to share your childrens curiosity.firstly，listen to their questions.i once visited a classroom of sevenyearolds to talk about science as a job.the children asked me “textbook questions” about schooling，salary and whether i liked my job.when i finished answering，we sat facing one another in silence.finally i said，“now that were finished with your lists，do you have questions of your own about science？”after a long pause，a boy raised his hand，“have you ever seen a grasshopper(蚱蜢)eat? when i try eating leaves like that，i get a stomachache.why？”this began a set of questions that lasted nearly two hours.secondly，give them time to think.studies over the past 30 years have shown that，after asking a question，adults typically wait only one second or less for an answer，no time for a child to think.when adults increase their “wait time” to three seconds or more，children give more logical，complete and creative answers.thirdly，watch your language.once you have a child involved in a science discussion，dont jump in with “thats right” or “very good”these words work well when it comes to encouraging good behavior.but in talking about science，quick praise can signal that discussion is over.instead，keep things going by saying “thats interesting” or “id never thought of it in that way before”，or coming up with more questions or ideas.never push a child to “think”it doesnt make sense.children are always thinking，without your telling them to.whats more，this can turn a conversation into a performance.the child will try to find the answer you want，in as few words as possible，so that he will be a smaller target for your disagreement.lastly，show；dont tell.reallife impressions of nature are far more impressive than any lesson children can learn from a book or a television program.let children look at their fingertips through a magnifying glass(放大镜)，and theyll understand why you want them to wash before dinner.rather than saying that water evaporates(蒸发)，put a pot of water to boil and let them watch the water level drop.31according to the passage，children are natural scientists，and to raise their interest，the most important thing for adults to do is _.ato let them see the world aroundbto share the childrens cur