高考英语短文填单词抓分练习（1）.doc

2014高考英语短文填单词抓分练习（1）及答案 【广东省珠海一中等六校2013联合模拟】 广东省称短文语法填空（填单词），有的省市称阅读表达或者短文填空（包括填单词或者句子），还有的省市称任务型阅读。第二节 语法填空 （共10小题 ，每小题1.5分 ，满分15分）阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为1625的相应位置上。our experience at the childrens medical care center was eye-opening. we saw a lot of children without hair due to their radioactive treatment. we played with them and taught them to draw pictures. the children, though 16. (suffer) such great pains, were so friendly that it was much easier to interact with them than we 17. (expect).one day, an incident deeply touched us. a girl suggested that she teach us how to fold paper. she taught us 18. great patience, explaining each step slowly and clearly. though we could easily do that, we still pretended to know nothing about it. we followed her, step by step, doing everything she told us. finally, _19. we finished our work successfully, she gave each of us 20. big hug. we could see the pride and happiness on her face. her father was so thankful to us that he held our hands tightly, tears in his eyes. and it was not until then 21. we knew the girl would receive an operation the next day.many stories happened at the center. it was really a 22. (value) experience to us all, enriching our life in a positive way. the childrens happy faces and 23. strong minds will stay with us forever. the days we spent at the center inspired us boys 24. (reflect) on many things. we began to reflect on how to deal with the difficulties in life, because our “troubles” seem not worth mentioning at all compared with 25. these innocent kids are going through.【参考答案】语法填空 （共10小题 ，每小题1.5分 ，满分15分）16.suffering 17.had expected 18.with 19.when/after 20.a21.that 22.valuable 23.their 24.to reflect 25.what任务型阅读系列自2008普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(安徽卷)说明提出“任务型阅读”这一题型至今，该题型不论是从命制还是从解题方法反面，都已经逐渐走向成熟。笔者08年高考前两个月与所有当年的高三师生一同经历过心理上的困惑与迷茫，面对“任务型阅读”，当时的我们没有任何经验，没有任何练习和参考资料可以查阅，硬是凭着一股“在摸索中前进的劲头”，引领学生参加高考。好在08年高考任务型阅读题不算太难，所以学生得分还不错。但是随后的几年，任务型阅读题型难度加大，自我归纳总结题的比例增加，词形变换形式多样等诸多问题难倒了很多学生，导致任务型阅读的得分一直不容乐观。虽然考试说明对任务型阅读的题型做了很大调整，删除了比较难把握正确答案的题型，但是很多同学仍然存在畏难情绪，感到难以把握，导致失分严重。笔者参考了2012年考试说明样题，对任务型阅读进行了深度剖析，以便更好地提供解题思路和指导。一、任务型阅读的来源在阅读过程中，信息的获取要靠读者的“图式”知识。理解涉及文本和图式两方面因素，信息的获取不仅取决于文本本身，还取决于学生的背景知识、语体知识和语言解码能力，运用已有知识帮助理解的过程。任务型阅读(task-based reading)主要依赖于“形式图式”的能力，而“内容图式”和“语言图式”起辅助作用。二、任务型阅读的特点 (1)任务型阅读侧重语篇分析，剖析文章的“脉络”，即文章的结构或者框架。在阅读教学中，“英语语篇”按照文体可分记叙文(narrative)、描述文(description)、议论文(argumentation)、说明文(exposition)。各类文体各有其写作特点，任务型阅读后题目常具备一定的逻辑顺序展开。 (2)阅读材料后题目设置多样化，考查学生多种能力。任务型阅读虽然有考查学生的单词拼写能力，但是和“单词拼写”以及“对话填空”有着本质的区别。任务型阅读考的是语篇分析能力，对学生能力的考查更全面，要求也更高，包括考查学生的思维能力、分析能力、词汇能力以及其他的语言深层挖掘能力等。(3)阅读题目设置有梯度，答题要求简练和规范。任务型阅读题目设置旨在围绕不同的阅读技能和语言应用而展开，涉及词性转换、词语释义、同意替换、语法结构、归纳演绎、结构分析、细节理解等。任务型在表达部分也暗含有一些要求，诸如大小写、答题的一致性及词性等等，这些隐性的规范需要学生自己去揣摩。三、任务型阅读的解题步骤：总体来说，任务型阅读的解题步骤大致可以归纳为 “略读”“比较” “对应”“理解” “解题”“复核”等六步战略。 第一步：“略读”。快速浏览短文每段首句，了解文章大意是解题的第一环，也是关键的一步。只有文章大意，才能顺利地在表格中填出相关的信息。值得注意的是：如果表格前提供了小标题，要特别注意小标题，它通常是段落和表格的主题句。读懂了标题有助于理解短文和表格的大意和结构。 第二步：“比较”。众所周知，任务型阅读的表格是前面短文的简写和浓缩。所以了解文章后比较这两部分，一一搭配，理清表格主体结构与短文的写作思路和线索结构，有助于加深对篇章内容的理解，做到有的放矢。 第三步：“对应”。通过前两步的知识储备，可以将是个空格所在的句子与原文对应起来，进一步摸清出题者的出题思路，做到准确回归原文，尤其是占七成的细节题部分。即便是归纳题，通过对应原文也能更加准确了解该填的内容。 第四步：“理解”。找到与空格一致的句子正如找到阅读理解细节题的源头一样，只是给解题提供了范围，如若不能准确读懂其含义，便很可能望文生义，从而找错单词。只有认真理解句意，才能确定答案的关键词语，或者提炼、转换已得信息，从而确定正确答案。第五步：“解题”。单词或词组确定后，则需要关注更加细节的内容，如：词和词组间的合理转换，单词词性，所充当的成分，单复数形式，时态，各种搭配，单词拼写，大小写以及表格中并列部分的内容的一致性，如近义词、反义词、因果关系，句型句式等，避免因简单的形式错误或拼写错误而导致前功尽弃。 第六步：“复核”。在注意语言规范和书写工整，形式正确后，有必要将前面的第三、四、五步在复查一遍，杜绝任何导致失分的隐患。【广东省珠海市2013综合试题（2）】 笫二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卷标号为16-25的相应位置上。 wechat was launched on jan 12, 2011, and took more than a year 16 (draw) 100 million users. by september，2012, it 17 (reach) the 200 million mark, tencent said.the number of people 18 (use) wechat, a voice-messaging service developed by the internet giant tencent holdings, has hit 300 million in the less than two years 19 the service was released, the shenzhen-based company said on wednesday. the 300 million number is 20 milestone for wechat, and we hope the service will be ready to perform 21 the global stage in 2013, pony ma, tencent chairman and chief executive officer, said on his microblog on wednesday morning.the function of wechat is very similar to the text messaging and voice call services 22 are provided by telecom carriers. late last year saw the 23 (introduce) of an english version of wechat in a bid to draw more international users. tencent has released versions in arabic, italian, vietnamese, japanese and thai.tencent said it is 24 (most) pursuing its expansion plans in emerging and asian markets. it said the company finds 25 easier to reach its goals in such places, in part because they have cultures that are similar to chinas.【参考答案】语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）16. to draw 17.had reached 18.using 19.since 20. a 21. on 22. that/which 23. introduction 24. mostly 25. it 任务型阅读-例题强化： 示例ltraveling on the information superhighwayin the early 1990s, few people outside of governments and universities had ever heard the term internet. the world wide web was in its infancy（初期）, back then if you said to someone, ”send me an e-mail with directions to your house,” all you would have received is a puzzled look . technology has come a long way since those days. today, the internet connects millions of computers around the globe, making a worldwide exchange of information possible.the internet is often called the “information superhighway.” thats because vast amounts of information travel over it. if you searched the word grasshopper, for instance, you would have thousands of sites to look at. some sites would give information on these insects. other sites would be companies with “grasshopper” in their names. still other sites might want to sell you books about grasshoppers.in addition to information, the internet also offers one of the greatest inventions in communications, electronic mail, or e-mail for short. e-mail is the brainchild of a shrewd（精明的）man named ray tomlison. he developed the program and sent himself the first e-mail in 1974. he isnt sure, but he thinks his first message was qwertyuiop （ the top row of letters on a key-board）. as a result of tomlinsons invention of e-mail, the way in which the world communicates has changed. thanks to e-mail, you can communicate with a student in london and find out how his weather experiment is going. e-mail has also changed the speed with which we exchange information. in minutes, you can contact another person who shares your love of kites or stamps. your aunt and uncle can send you pictures of their new puppy without ever leaving their home. if you are sick and cant attend school, your teacher can e-mail you the assignments you have missed. you can even send e-mail to a grasshopper expert and ask questions for a research paper.however, there is one big disadvantage when you use e-mail. unlike a letter you send through the mail, e-mail is not private. it can be reviewed by anyone with access to your receivers computer. your receiver could also forward it to other peopleso be careful. do not say anything in an e-mail that you wouldnt say in front of crowd!the internetthe internet offers information to us.the internet enables us to （1） _ in a new way.we can （2） _ information throughout the world, because the internet can connect millions of computers.the internet is often called the “information superhigh-way”,because vast amount of information travel over it.thanks to （3） _ , we can keep in touch with others wherever we are.it has changed the（4）_ of talking. through it, we can talk with our students in london about the weather experiment.it has also enables us to exchange information at （5） speed than traditional communicative methods. within a short time, it lets us （6）_ mother person who has internet in （7） _ . it also helps us to send information without leaving home.（8）_ the advantages, we should be （9） _ when using it. because it may not be（10）_ if someone has access to our receivers computer.【宏观分析】：该题型主要考查同学们运用skimming和scanning等阅读技巧，但这其中又要注意答案的表述。这类题型里既有可以在原文中直接找到的词，也有需要对原文加工提炼的词，如第4、5、7三空。【解题思路】：本题主要讲述internet两个功能offer information和communication,文章里有一个段落划分提示词in addition to information我们就可以知道表格第一部分对应一二两段，第二部分对应其他段落。首先解决第2空，从表格可知，offer information又分为两小部分，分别对应第一与第二段，所以从第二段末尾可以找到exchange。第1空概括了下列几个方面，是第二部分的中心句，因此第三段开头就可以找到。第3空可以在第四段开头这一句找到原词，第四题则要根据这句话与这一空后的介词of talking来联想搭配。第5、6、7三空对应于第四段。短语in minute形容速度快（第5题），第6空contact可以找到原词，第7空是用have sth in common的短语来改写share your love of. 第8空对应于最后一段，however, there is 第9空可以找到原词，第10空则对应于最后两句话it can be received by anyone说明没有隐私private。【广东省中山市2013模拟（2）】 第二节：语法填空（共10小题; 每小题1. 5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填人一个适当的词或使用括号中词语正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答卷标号为1625的相应位置上。 on a cold day in 1942, a boy inside a nazi concentration camp looked beyond the wire sadly. a girl who 16 (pass) by saw him and threw a red apple over the fence. the boy picked it up. a ray of light broke 17 darkness.on the following day he looked out, 18 (hope)to see that girl again. on the other side, the girl was longing to see him too. she came with 19 apple in her hand. the scene 20 (repeat) for several days. then one day, the boy said sadly, “dont bring me an apple tomorrow. i will not be here. they are sending me to anothe