高考英语阅读理解基础训练极品题（10）.doc

2014高考英语阅读理解基础训练极品题（10）及答案阅读理解-a study now lends support to the idea that meal-time distractions (分散注意) can mask the clues that we really have eaten quite enough. moreover, it finds, the caloric fallout of not paying attention to what were eating doesnt necessarily end when a meal is over. rose cooper from england, and her colleagues gathered 22 men and an equal number of women for an experiment. each person dined alone, continuously receiving nine small shares of food items. these ranged from cheese twists and potato chips to carrots, cherry tomatoes and sandwiches or sausage rolls. because the goal was to test the potential impacts of distraction on fullness, the researchers randomly assigned half of the participants to eat in front of a computerand to gain as many wins as possible at the “card” game. everyone else was told to focus on the sensory qualities of their meal. according to their instructions, the participants ate all of the food given to them. yet people who played a computer game during lunch found their meal less filling than the mindful eaters had. game players also swallow down twice as many cookies, almost an hour later, when they were allowed all the dessert they wanted (in the name of a taste test). the british scientists present their findings in the february american journal of clinical nutrition.the real question is why distracted eating should impact snacking. it appears, the scientists say, that memory plays some tricky role in how we register what we eat and the degree to which it satisfies. interestingly, eight years ago, britta barkeling of huddinge university in stockholm and her colleagues reported somewhat related findings. their 18 overweight subjects had no choice other than to get rid of everything but lunch, on one daybecause they were blindfolded. compared to a day when they could view what they were dining on, these people consumed only three quarters as many calories. yet even hours afterward, they reported being no less full than on the day they had been able to see their plates.of course dining in the dark isnt practical. and sometimes what we eat doesnt really invite our absolute attention. but there is certainly a growing mountain of data indicating that mindless eating is a waste of resources, a risk to our waistlinesand a costly threat to health. 8. rose cooper and her colleagues did the experiment in order to _. a. show that all the people enjoy snacks b. prove that playing computer games is harmful while diningc. find possible effects of distraction on fullnessd. test the impacts of eating snacks on different people9. which is the most effective way to concentrate on your food when dining? a. viewing your food. b. blindfolding your eyes. c. playing computer games. d. eating by oneself.10. the reason why distracted eating influences snacking may be that _.a. you eat less in that case b. you are cheated by your memoryc. you have consumed more calories d. you digest what youve eaten faster11. we can conclude from the passage that _.a. distracted eating may damage your healthb. eating snacks will make you feel fullc. britta became famous because of the experimentd. playing is more important than what we eat【参考答案】810、cbb 11、a 阅读理解-d(2013合肥市二模，e)telling fewer lies benefits people physically and mentally. anita kelly, study author and professor of psychology at the university of notre dame, employed 110 adults for her study. she divided them into two groups and asked one group to stop lying for 10 weeks. lies included big ones and tiny onesany false statementsbut participants were still allowed to leave out the truth, keep secrets and avoid questions they didnt want to answer, etc. the other group wasnt given any special instructions about lying.it turns out that both groups reduced their lying, but those who were specifically told to tell the truth improved their health more. “we found that the participants could purposefully and dramatically reduce their everyday lies, and that in turn was associated with significantly improved health，” said kelly.when participants in the nolie group told three fewer white lies than they did in other weeks, they experienced, on average, fewer mentalhealth complaints and physical complaints. they were less likely to feel tense or sad and also experienced fewer sore throats and headaches. they also reported that personal relationships improved. additionally, participants found themselves honest about their daily accomplishments, and they stopped making up excuses for being late or failing to complete a task, for example.“its certainly a worthy goal to have people be more honest and interact with others in a more honest way，” says psychologist robert feldman. “that would be beneficial, im a little doubtful whether it makes us all healthier, but it may make us healthier in a psychological way.”文章大意：本文是一篇科研报告。研究了撒谎和健康之间的关系。12which of the following is true according to the text?apeople who tell lies are healthier than those who dont.bbeing honest can help cure sore throats and headaches.cnot all the participants were required to tell the truth.dparticipants involved are asked not to keep secrets.答案：c细节理解题。根据第一段倒数第一句“the other group wasnt given any special instructions about lying.”可知，有一组的实验对象没有被要求讲实情，故答案c符合文义。13the participants of the two groups _.atold as many lies as before bwere almost equally healthyctended to lie less about their activities dexperienced tenser personal relationships答案：c细节理解题。根据第二段的第一句“it turns out that both groups reduced their lying.”可知，答案c符合文义。14from robert feldman, we can learn that _.awhite lies might make people have more complaintsbhonesty is likely to help people become mentally healthiercpeople should not be honest with others but with themselvesdtelling the truth can make people physically and mentally healthy答案：b推理判断题。根据文章最后一句“. but it may make us healthier in a psychological way”可推知，答案b“诚实会让人们在精神上更健康”符合文义。15the text is mainly about _.athe connection of honesty and healthbresearch on physical and mental healthcadvice about being an honest persondeffects of honesty on personal relationships答案：a主旨大意题。根据文章第一句“telling fewer lies benefits people physically and mentally.”的开篇点题可知，本文主要讲的是诚实和健康之间的关系，故答案a符合文义。阅读理解-e(2013南昌市二模，c)“plants were expected to get larger with increased carbon dioxide in atmosphere, but changes in temperature, humidity and nutrient availability seem to trumped the benefits of increased carbon dioxide，” said researchers from the national university of singapore.45 percent of the species studied now reach smaller adult sizes than they did in the past. the researchers pointed out that warmer temperatures and changing habitats, caused by climate change, are possible reasons for shrinking creatures.“we do not yet know the mechanisms involved, or why some organism are getting smaller while others are unaffected，” the researchers said. “until we understand more, we could be risking negative consequences that we cant yet quantify.”the change was big in coldblooded animals. only two decades of warmer temperatures were enough to make reptiles smaller. an increase of 1 degree centigrade caused nearly a 10 percent increase in metabolism (新陈代谢). greater use of energy resulted in tiny tortoises and little lizards. fish are smaller now too. though overfishing has played a part in reducing numbers, experiments show that warmer temperatures also stop fish growth. there is a recent report on warmer temperatures negative effects on plankton, the base of the marine ecosystem.warmblooded animals werent immune from the size change caused by climate change. many birds are now smaller. mammals have been miniaturized too. soay sheep are thinner. red deer are weaker. and polar bears are smaller, compared with historical records.this is not the first time this has happened in earths history. 55 million years ago, a warming event similar to the current climate change caused bees, spiders and ants to shrink by 50 to 75 percent over several thousand years. that event happened over a long time than the current climate change.the speed of modern climate change could mean organisms may not respond or adapt quickly enough, especially those with long generation times. so, it is likely that more negative influences of climate change will be shown in future.文章大意：本文是一篇科普说明文。主要报道了一项新发现，研究人员发现了气候变暖会导致地球上许多生物个体变小的现象。16which of the following would be the best title for the passage?awhy do some species become smaller?bhow does temperature change in earths history?cclimate change has many negative effectsdspecies become smaller as climate warms答案：d标题概括题。通读全文及第二段首句“45 percent of the species studied now reach smaller adult sizes than they did in the past.”可知，本文主要讲述了气候变暖会导致许多生物个体变小的现象，故d项正确。17the underlined word “trumped” in the first paragraph can be replaced by _.abeen neglected by bhad strong influences thancbeen weakened by dbeen less than答案：b词义猜测题。根据本句中的but可知，画线词与其前面的内容“大气中二氧化碳的增加会使植物个体变大”是转折关系，并根据下文中气温、湿度、可利用的营养等条件对生物的影响可知，这些条件的改变似乎比二氧化碳浓度增加更有影响力。故b项正确。18researchers from the national university of singapore believe that _.ahow climate change effects animals size has not been found clearlyball the animals on the earth have become smallerctoo many studies on animals size have been donedpeople can avoid the negative effects of climate change答案：a细节理解题。文章第三段研究人员提到“we do not yet know the mechanisms involved”，其中the mechanisms指的是气候变暖影响了生物个体大小的机制，故a项正确。19what can we learn from the passage?aclimate change has even affected plankton negatively.bbirds have suffered more from climate change than fish.cants, bees and spiders have been shrinking by 50% to 70% in the past decade.da warming event causing species to become smaller has never happened before.答案：a细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“there is a recent report on warmer temperatures negative effects on plankton, the base of the marine ecosystem.”可知，气候变化已经对浮游生物产生了有害影响。故a项正确。20whats the authors attitude toward climate change in the passage?aconcerned. boptimistic. cindifferent. dconfident.答案：a观点态度题。根据文章最后一句“so, it is likely that more negative influences of climate change will be shown in future.”可知，作者对气候变暖对生物的影响有些担忧。故a项concerned(关心的)符合语境。阅读理解-d bobby qualls was shopping when he received a text message: fire on beechmont, one-story house, child trapped inside. “i was picking out gifts for the family our engine house adopted for christmas,” remembers qualls, who has been fighting fires in memphis for 24 years. “i had this sinking feeling as i got in my car and headed over.” the last time qualls had been on beechmont street was to install smoke detectors (感应器) at the bateman-tubbs home. hed been on a secret task to see if they needed extra help during the holidays. there he discovered that the four bateman-tubbs children were sleeping on bare mattresses (床垫), and he found two of the boys playing outside in 30-degree weather with no shoes or coats. qualls learned that leonard tubbs was doing his best to make ends meet laying floors while kimberly bateman stayed home with the kids. “when bobby told me his team wanted to be secret santas and buy my kids toys, at first i thought we didnt need any help,” bateman recalls. “it really touched me. i told him what the kids really needed was warm clothes.” thats exactly what qualls was shopping for on december 9, 2010: winter jackets for christopher, seven; jojo, four; madison, one; and two-month-old charles. while driving over to beechmont street, he dialed batemans cell phone. she answered on the first ring, screaming, “the house is on firejojos trapped inside!” by the time qualls reached the house, the family had gotten out, but their home was severely damaged. his coworkers had found jojo hiding under a pile of clothes in a back bedroom. he had stopped breathing and had been given cpr and rushed to the hospital. qualls learned that jojo was now on life support and might not make it through the night. he rushed to the hospital with lt. mark eskew, who placed a stuffed teddy bear in a firefighters suit on jojos bed. “i just kept praying my little boy would open his eyes,” bateman recalls. “there was nothing else i could do. they were pumping black and thick liquid out of his lungs and stomach for days.” after a few days, though, jojo regained consciousness, and the tubes were taken out of his throat. while he began to slowly recover, the local newspaper and tv stations got hold of the story, and the secret santa plan of qualls and his fellow firefighter