高考英语阅读理解全程冲刺训练（23）(1).doc

2014高考英语阅读理解全程冲刺训练（23）及答案阅读理解 every year 2.2 million tons of oil are spilled ( 散落，溅出 ) into the ocean. actually, this only amounts to a small percentage of the total 1.6 billion tons of oil shipped around the world each year.however, this spilled oil has terrible effects on ocean life, including the coastlines where the off washes up onto shore. some of the largest spills in history were caused by oil tankers running into each other or by an oil tanker sailing into shallow water and hitting the bottom of the ocean. after these spills, officials try to discover who or what was at fault to help prevent similar accidents in the future. one of the worst oil spills in history occurred along the alaskan coastline in 1989. in this accident, 42,000 tons of oil spilled from a tanker which resulted in terrible damage to this sensitive natural area. in this spill, the tankers captain, who was tired from overwork and drinking alcohol, had gone to take a rest. he gave control of the ship to the third mate. the third mate was unfamiliar with the path the ship took, and he ran the ship onto blighe reef. blighe reef is a natural underwater rock wall near the alaskan coast. damaged by the reef, the ship leaked oil out into the ocean. more than 1,600 kilometers of coastline were affected by the oil spill. some scientists who studied nature in the area guessed that 580,000 birds and 5,500 otters died when the oil from the spill covered their skin. as well, smaller shellfish and other sea creatures were later eaten by seals, whales, and other animals. the most oil ever spilled was actually dumped on purpose as an act of ecological warfare. the term ecological warfare means to fight by doing harm to nature in the area under attack. in 1990, iraq sent soldiers into kuwait and set off the persian gulf war. as part of the iraq war plan,900,000 tons of oil were let out into the persian gulf way iraq. this oil covered 1,500 square kilometers of water in the persian gulf. the oil also damaged 650 kilometers of the coastline of both kuwait and saudi arabia. in some places, oil floating on the water was measured to be 43 centimeters thick. water birds, water plants, and baby fish were all seriously affected by the oil. the long-term effects of this act on the food chain in the area are bound to cause problems tar into the future.1. which cause of oil spills is described in the second paragraph? a. dumping b. war c.accidents d.throwing about carelessly答案解析：答案为c。本题为细节理解题。从第二段的前半部分可知，由于油轮的船长过度工作并且喝醉，将船交给了船上的另外一名对船的航线不熟悉的人，从而导致了触礁事件。故选c。2. the creatures affected by the oil spill near alaska were_. a. birds and otters b. shellfish c. seals and whales d. all of the above答案解析：答案为d。本题为细节题。从第二段最后两句话 “some scientists who studied nature in the area guessed that 580,000 birds and 5,500 otters died when the oil from the spill covered their skin. as well, smaller shellfish and other sea creatures were later eaten by seals, whales, and other animals.”可知，答案为d。 3. the third mate ran the thanker agound (触礁) in this accident because_. a. he was tired b. he was drunk c.he was talking on the phone d.he did not know the sea答案解析：答案为d。本题为细节理解题。从第二段 “the third mate was unfamiliar with the path the ship took, and he ran the ship onto blighe reef.”可知，导致触礁事件的原因是驾驶油轮的人不知道航线，与d选项意思符合。4. _ was responsible for dumping oil into the persian gulf. a.the united states b. kuwait c .saudi arabia d. iraq答案解析： 答案为d。本题为细节题。从最后一段第三句话 “in 1990, iraq sent soldiers into kuwait and set off the persian gulf war.”可知，对波斯湾倾油事件负责的是伊拉克。【2014高考英语河南省开封市一模】a 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（a、b、c和d）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 from the health point of view we are living in a wonderful age. a large number of once fatal illnesses can now be cured by modern drugs and surgery. but though the pos sibility of living a long and happy life is greater than ever before, every day we witness the incredible killing of people on the roads. man is opposite to the motor-car! it is a neverending battle which man is losing. thousands of people are killed each year and we are quietly sitting back and letting it happen. it has been rightly said that when a man is sitting behind a steering-wheel(方向盘) , his car becomes the extension of his personality. there is no doubt that the motor-car often brings out a mans worst qualities. people who are normally quiet and pleasant may become unrecognizable when they are behind a steering-wheel. they are rude, ill-mannered and aggressive. all their hidden frustrations and disappointments seem to be brought to the surface by the act of driving. the surprising thing is that society smiles on the motorist and seems to forgive the behaviour. everything is done for his convenience. cities and towns are made ugly by huge car parks. it is high time a world law were created to reduce this senseless waste of human life. with regard to driving, the laws of some countries are not strict and even the strictest are not strict enough. a law which was universally accepted could only have a beneficial effect on the accident rate. here are a few examples of some things that might be done. the driving test should be made to a fixed standard and far more difficult than it is; all the drivers should be made to take a test every three years or so; the age at which young people are allowed to drive any vehicle should be raised to at least 21 ; all vehicles should be put through strict annual tests for safety. present drinking and driving laws (where they exist) should be mad much stricter. driving speed should be limited on all roads. these measures may sound extremely severe. but surely nothing should be considered difficult if it results in reducing the annual toll of human life. after all, the world is for human beings, not motor-cars.56. the main idea of this passage is_. a. traffic accidents are mainly caused by motorists b. thousands of people in the world are killed each year c. only stricter traffic laws can prevent accidents d. the laws of some countries about driving are too strict57. which of the following is right according to the passage? a. it is right to build huge car parks in cities and towns. b. all the drivers must be asked to take a test every year. c. working by car can save time and money. d. society overlooks their rude driving.58. why does the author say his car becomes the extension of his personality ? a. driving can show his real self. b. driving can bring out his good character. c. driving can make a man excited and joyful. d. driving can make a man quiet and pleasant.59. the attitude of the author is_.a. approving b. critical c. sympathetic d. aggressive【参考答案】5659cdab 阅读理解-a people from east asia tend to have more difficulty than those from europe in distinguishing facial expressions and a new report published online in current biology explains why. rachael jack, university of glasgow researcher, said that rather than scanning evenly(均匀的) across a face as westerners do, easterners fix their attention on the eyes. we show that easterners and westerners look at different face features to read facial expressions, jack said. westerners look at the eyes and the mouth in equal measure, whereas easterners favor the eyes and neglect (忽略) the mouth. according to jack and her colleagues, the discovery shows that human communication of emotion is more complex than previously believed. as a result, facial expressions that had been considered universally recognizable cannot be used to reliably convey emotion in cross-cultural situations. the researchers studied cultural differences in the recognition of facial expressions by recording the eye movements of 13 western caucasian and 13 east asian people while they observed pictures of. expressive faces and put them into categories: happy, sad, surprised, fearful, disgusted, angry, or neutral. they compared how accurately participants read those facial expressions using their particular eye movement strategies. it turned out that easterners focused much greater attention on the eyes and made significantly more errors than did westerners. the cultural difference in eye movements that they show is probably a reflection of cultural difference in facial expressions, jack said. our data suggest that whereas westerners use the whole face to convey emotion, easterners use the eyes more and mouth less. in short, the data show that facial expressions are not universal signals of human emotion. from here on, examining how cultural factors have diversified these basic social skills will help our understanding of human emotion. otherwise, when it comes to communicating emotions across cultures, easterners and westerners will find themselves lost in translation.( ) 1. the discovery shows that westerners . a. pay equal attention to the eyes and the mouth b. consider facial expressions universally reliable c. observe the eyes and the mouth in different ways d. have more difficulty in recognizing facial expressions ( ) 2. what were the people asked to do in the study?a. to make a face at each other. b. to get their faces impressive.c. to classify some face pictures. d. to observe the researchers faces. ( ) 3. what does the underlined word they in paragraph 6 refer to?a. the participants in the study.b. the researchers of the study.c. the errors made during the study. d. the data collected from the study. ( ) 4. in comparison with westerners, easterners are likely to .a. do translation more successfullyb. study the mouth more frequentlyc. examine the eyes more attentivelyd. read facial expressions more correctly( ) 5. what can be the best title for the passage? a. the eye as the window to the soulb. cultural differences in reading emotionsc. effective methods to develop social skillsd. how to increase cross-cultural understanding【语篇解读】本文为科普说明文。主要介绍了最新的科学研究发现：东方人比西方人更难于读懂他人的面部表情。66. 答案：a考点：细节理解题解析：根据第三段 “westerners look at the eyes and the mouth in equal measure, whereas easterners favor the eyes and neglect (忽略) the mouth.” 可以得出答案67. 答案：c考点：细节理解题解析：根据第五段 “by recording the eye movements of 13 western caucasian and 13 east asian people while they observed pictures of. expressive faces and put them into categories: happy, sad, surprised, fearful, disgusted, angry, or neutral.”可以判断选c68. 答案：a考点：词义猜测解析：根据定语从句 “that they show”所修饰的 eye movements 在研究中为the participants 所作（从the eye movements of 13 western caucasian and 13 east asian people”可知）可判断选a69. 答案：c考点：细节理解题解析：根据第六段 “it turned out that easterners focused much greater attention on the eyes and made significantly more errors than did westerners.”可判断选c70. 答案：b考点：主旨大意题解析：文章首先指出科学研究的最新发现：东方人比西方人更难于读懂人的面部表情。之后更具体地介绍研究的结构及其研究过程，最后得出结论：文化差异丰富了理解情感的基本社会技巧，即：不同的文化背景使人理解他人情感的方式也不尽相同。由此判断最佳标题应为b【2014高考英语河南省开封市一模】b li du is a 6yearold boy. but his world is far removed from his contemporaries(同龄人). his mother died of aids in 2009 and his father, suffering from a terrible cough and fever, went off last summer. the hiv-positive boy lives at the end of a path on top of the mountain in his windowless, furniture-less, gray-brick house. his parents moved to the top of the mountain six years ago after both being diagnosed as hiv-positive. dressed in torn clothes, li dus only relief is lao hei , his dog. the boy washes his clothes and cooks his own food at an age when his contemporaries are still being fed by their parents. putting some rice and green vegetables into a pot and placing it on a stove made of several blocks, he starts a fire with amazing speed. he uses no oil or salt but still eats his meal with great enjoyment and sets aside a bit for his dog. li du is hiv-positive but has no clue what those letters mean. all he knows is that those who were once his friends have deserted him and doctors refused to help him when he accidentally tipped boiling water on his hands. but my grandmother always comes to see me, the boy says. however