八年级英语下册 Unit 7 What’s the highest mountain in the world期末复习知识辅导（无答案）（新版）人教新目标版.doc

unit 7 whats the highest mountain in the world语法：形容词 副词i.形容词一、形容词的一般用法1.作定语，一般放在所修饰词的前面。its a cold and windy day.2.作表语，放在系动词的后面。(look,feel,smell,sound.)he looks happy today.3.形容词修饰something，anything，nothing，everything等复合不定代词时，须放在其后。would you like something hot to drink？4.表示长、宽、高、深及年龄的形容词，应放可在名词之后作后置定语。how long is the river？ its about two hundred metres long.5.貌似副词的形容词(名词词尾加ly变来的形容词)：lonely；friendly；lively；lovely 二、形容词常用句型1.“its +adj.+of+sb.+不定式”表示“某人（做某事）怎么样”。=sb +be +adj+to do sth 注意：这一句型中常用描述行为者的性格、品质的形容词，用来描述不定式逻辑主语的本质特征.如good，kind，nice，polite ，clever ，foolish ，lazy ，careful，careless，right（正确的），wrong等。its very kind of you to help me.（=you are very kind to help me.）2.“its+adj.+for+sb.+不定式”表示“做某事对某人来说怎么样”。=to do sth is adj for sb .注意：这一句型中常用的形容词有important，necessary，difficult，easy，hard，dangerous，safe，useful，pleasant，interesting，impossible等, 用来强调对不定式逻辑主语的影响。its not easy for them to learn a foreign language.（=to learn a foreign language is not easy for them.）副词 副词的基本用法：1.副词是用来修饰形容词、其他副词,一般放在被修饰词之前.he plays the piano very well .2. 副词是用来修饰动词,常放在动词之后.he got up quickly3.enough 修饰adj /adv 时,放在其后.he is old enough to go to school .、形容词，副词的比较级、最高级 一、规则变化1.一般在词尾直接加er或est， tall-taller-tallest，long-longer-longest2.以不发音的字母e结尾的单词在词尾直接加r或st， nice-nicer-nicest3.以辅音字母+y结尾的词，把y变为i，再加er或est， heavy-heavier-heaviest4.重读闭音节，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写这个辅音字母，再加er或est， big-bigger-biggest注: 大,红,湿,热,悲,瘦,胖.双写末辅再变级.（big/red/wet/hot/sad/thin/fat ）5.部分双音节词和多音节词分别在原级前加more构成比较级和most构成最高级， beautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful注:表示否定意义在其前加less /least important-less important-least important english is more interesting than chinese =chinese is less interesting than english .6.由 “形容词+ly”构成的副词,在其前加more/ most slowly-more slowly-most slowly；但earlyearlier-earliest 二、不规则变化原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastoldold / elderold /eldestbad/badly/illworseworstfarfarther (距离)/further（程度）farthest /furthest下列单、双音节词只能加more和most原级比较级最高级tiredmore tiredmost tired pleasedmore pleasedmost pleasedoftenmore oftenmost often形容词，副词等级的用法一、原级的用法1.修饰原级的词，very，quite，so，too2.原级常用的句型结构（1）a= b-a+ as +adj / adv的原级+ as +b, 表示 “a和b一样”tom is as old as kate. tom runs as fast as mike. （2）ab-a +not+as/so+形容词原级+as+b 表示 “a不如b”this room is not as/so big as that one. he doesnt walk as slowly as you.二、比较级的用法1.可以修饰比较级的词.much，a lot，far，的多a little，a bit，一点儿even甚至，still仍然lesson one is much easier than lesson two. tom looks even younger than before.2. 比较级常用的句型结构 “甲+形容词/副词的比较级+than+乙”表示“甲比乙” a or b？“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越”。he is getting taller and taller. 如果多音节词，more and more +多音节词“the+比较级，the+比较级”表示“越，越”。the more careful you are，the fewer mistakes youll make.“甲+be+the+形容词比较级+of the two+”表示“甲是两者中较的”。(of the twins/parents)look at the two boys. my brother is the taller of the two. 3. 注意事项相比较的前后两部分必须是同类比较. my pencil is longer than _(you).比较时不能与自身相比 注: 当相比较的两者属于同一范围/类别时,为了与自身相比较, 要用any other +单数名词. 若两者不属于同一范围/类别时,不必用other ,直接用any + 单数名词. he is taller than _ boy in his class. he is taller than _boy in our class . a.any b.any other .有些含有比较级的句子里，常用that(单数、不可数名词)、those (复数名词)代替前面提到的词，以避免重复。the weather in beijing is colder than _ in guangzhou in winter .the boys in our class are more than _ in your class .三.最高级的用法1) the +最高级 of +all / the three+- + in + 范围 he is the tallest of all the boys he works hardest in his class . 注:副词的最高级前the 可省掉2).the +序数词+形容词的最高级+单数名词the yellow river is the second longest river in china .3).one of +the +形容词的最高级+复数名词he is one of the cleverest students in our class. 4). “特殊疑问词+be+the+最高级+甲，乙，or丙？”用于三者以上的比较。 which season do you like （the） best，spring，summer or autumn？5) 当adj 的最高级前有物主代词,名词所有格,指示代词时,不用the . this is my best book of all.四.级别的转换1).原级与比较级的转换 a). 倍数+ as as (倍数-1)+比较级+than this room is five times as big as that one =this room is_ _bigger than that one . b).not asas 与比较级的转换 a +not as as + b a+比较级(反义词的比较级) +than +b b+比较级+than+a mary is not as old as tom .= mary is _ _ tom. = tom is _ _ mary . this book is not as expensive as that one = this book is _ _ than that one = that book is _ _than this one .2).比较级与最高级的转换 a). the +最高级+ of / in b). 同一范畴比较级+than+any other +单数名词 +the other +复数名词c）不同范畴比较级+than+any +单数名词 d） nobody else + 比较级 + than tom is the tallest boy in our class . = tom is taller than _ _ boy in our class.= _ _ is taller than tom in our class.the_you study, the _youll be in it. a. hard; interested b. harder; interesting 练习1. she isnt so _ at maths as you are. a. well b. good c. better d. best2. the weather in guangzhou is hotter than _ in hardin. a. that b. it c. this d. one3. bob jumps farther than in his class. a. any other boys b. the other boysc. any boy d. another boy4. the pears in my basket are smaller than_ in jims.a. it b. that c. ones d. those5. this piece of music is _that piece.a.as popular b.not as popular as c.so popular as 6. the children are laughing _.they look_.a.happily; happy b.happily; happily c.happy; happily 7. my room is _ bigger than _.a.much, her b. very,hers c. much,hers8. do you like english? yes, but i think its _ subject of all.a. the easiest b. the most difficult c. the most interesting9. which subject is _, physics or chemistry?a. very intersting b. most interesting c. more interesting10. he feels _ today than yesterday. a. tired b. more tired c. more tireder d. much tired 11. which do you like _,tea or milk? a. the best b. better c. the better d. good 12. of the three toys, the child bought _ one. a. the expensive b. one most expensive c. a least expensive d. the most expensive 13. the line is _ than that one. a. more longer b. not longer c. much more longer d. many more longer 14. today is much _ than yesterday. a. wet b. weter c.wetter d. wettest15. she looks _ than she does. a. the more older b. very older c. much older d. more older 16. the garden is becoming _. a. more beautiful and more b. more beautiful and beautiful c. more and more beautiful d. more beautiful and beautifuler 17. tom runs _ than jim. a. quicklier b. more quickly c. quicker d. more quicker18. jims bag is _than kates.a. biger b. big c. biggest d. bigger19. that book is not so _ as this one.a. interesting b. more interesting c. most interesting d. the most interesting 20. lucy has more foreign friends than lily_.a. is b. has c. have d. does21. _ children there are in a family, _ their life will be.a. the less, the better b. the fewer, the better c. fewer, richer22. tokyo is larger than _ in india. a. any other city b. any city c. the other city23. cathy did quite _ in the exam. i did even _.a. better, well b. well, well c. well, better23. of the two boys, tom is _ one. i think you can find him easily.a.taller b. the taller c. the tallest24. the computer is _ expensive than that one, but it works well.a. more b. less c. so25. lanzhou is the only capital city that the yellow river, the second _ river in china, passed through.a. longest b.long c.longer26. _exercise you take, _youll be.a. the fewer, the fatterb. the less, the fatterc. the less, the more fatter27. he never does his work _ mary.a. as careful as b. so careful as c. as carefully as d. carefully as28. the pears in my basket are smaller than_ in jims.a. it b. that c. ones d. those29. claudia, your handwriting is much than before.thank you.a. beautifulb. more beautifulc. most beautiful30. he is _ of all.a. tall b. taller c. tallest d. the tallest31. lucy writes as _ as lily. they are both good students. a. more careful b. more carefully c. careful d. carefully32. today is _ cold than yesterday. you neednt wear your feather coat. a. much b. more c. a little d. less 33. the box is _ big as that one. a. as twice b. twice as c. so twiced. twice so34. we are happy to see our city is developing _ these years than before. a. quickly b. the most quickly c. very quickly d. more quickly page 49-501. 表示长、宽、高、深及年龄的形容词，应放可在名词之后作后置定语。how long is the river？ its about two hundred metres long.2. in size 在尺寸方面， 在大小方面3. in the world 在世界上4. of all 所有的5. population人口 （1）population 人口总数做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。部分人口做主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。问某地人口多少用whats the population of某地，人口多用big, large，人口少用small。1】the population of the city _( be ) about 3 million._ _ _ _ the city?2】two thirds of the population _( be ) farmers in the village.3】the population of shanghai is _ than _ tianjin.a: large, in b: large, that of c: bigger, it is in（2）某地人口有多少the population of + 某地 +be + 数词 = 某地+ has a population of +数词 .the population of india is about one billion.= india ha a population of about one billion.6. feel free to do sth 随意做某事7. did you know that china is one of the oldest countries in the world?如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时。our teacher said that january_(be) the first month of the year.our teacher said that the earth _(go) around the sun.8. on todays great wall tour 关于今天的长城之旅ill have a test _ writing next week. a at b of c on d in 名词的所有格：a. s 所有格。1).用and连接两个并列的单数名词表示共有关系时，这时只在最后一个名词后加“s.” this is _(mary and lily) bedroom .2). 1).用and连接两个并列的单数名词表示各有关系时，这时分别在每个名词后加“s.” these are _(tom and jack ) school bags .3).以s结尾的名词，变所有格时在s后加“”,不以s 结尾的复数名词，仍加“s” teachers day childrens day 4).表示店铺、医院、诊所、住宅等名称时，常在名词后加 s 代表全称。 at the doctors at the bobs 5).由some、any、no、every与one、body 结合的复合不定代词something 、anything 等和else 连用时，所有格应加在else的后面。 this is _(somebody else ) pencil .6).表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的名词，也可在词尾加s 来构成所有格。 an hours ride two weeks time chinas capital b.of 所有格：1).of 用来表示无生命的名词所有格。 the map of china the door of the room 2).双重所有格： of + 名词所有格 of + 名词性的物住代词 (1)he is a friend of my _(brother ) . is she a daughter of _(you)?(2)miss black is a friend of _, she always looks after my sister.a. marys mothers b. marys mother c. mary mothers (3) after the exam, well have_ holiday.a. two weeks b. two - weeks c. two weeks d. two week s(4)we must protect plants. they are friends of _. a. we b. us c. our d. ours (5)_ fathers cant go to the class meeting because they have gone to business. a. jack and mikesb. jacks and mikes c. jack and mike d. jacks and mike(6) whose room is this?its _a. lucy and lily b. lucy and lilys c. lucys and lilys9. other /the other /others /the others 的区别1) one the other 表示两者之间的一个另一个2) some others 表示一些 一些3) another 表示三者以上的不确定数目中的另一个. 只能修饰可数名词的单数.但 another +基数词+ 复数名词= 基数词+ more +复数名词 表示 “ 另外几个，再增加”4) 同一范畴比较级+than+any other +单数名词 / +the other +复数名词不同范畴比较级+than+any +单数名词would you like _ apple ?i have two brothers , one is a teacher , _ is a worker .some are cleaning the classroom , _ are sweeping the window .there are 20 teachers in our school . eight of them are men teachers ,and _ are women teachers 5) 相互代词:each other, one another 二者区别: 前者表示两者间彼此相互,后者表示多者间俩俩相互. one another another （ 一个，又一个，再一个 ） one the other （ 两个中的一个是one, 另一个是the other ） one the others ( = the other + 可复 ) （ 多数中的一个， 剩余的全部 ） some the others ( = the other + 可复 ) (一方为一些，另一方为剩余的全部 some others (一方为一些，另一方为剩余的一部分1)- is this your shoe? - yes, but where is _?a. the other one b. other one c. another one d. the others2) robert has gone to _ city and hell be back in a week.a. other b. the other c. another d. any other3) taiwan is bigger than _ island in china.a. the otherb. anyc. any other4) some people like to stay at home, but _ like to go to the cinema.a. another b. other c. others 5) some students hope to enter the best universities while _ simply want to learn skills. a. the others b . others c. another d. the other6）if you want to get vip card, youll have to pay _ fifty yuan.a.another b.more c.each 7) -have you finished your homework? -no, i need _. a.two another hours b.another two hours c.more two hours10. as you can see正如你所看到的11. as far as i know. 据我所知12. protect ( v ) 保护 protection protect our environment保护环境13. tour ( n v ) 旅游， 旅行 tourist (n) 游客 touristy （adj）吸引很多游客的 the mountain in our hometown isnt very _. i agree with you. few _ like to go sightseeing there. a.touristy, tourists b.touristy, tour c.tourists, touristy d.tourist, touristspage511. mountain climbing 登山2. run along 横亘， 绵延3. include ( v ) 包括， 包含4. take in air 吸进空气5. the first one to do sth 第一个做某事的人 women and children are the first _（take）to safety .6. reach / get to / arrive in / at到达 1)arrive in +大地点/ arrive at +小地点= get to = reach + 2)若地点为地点副词时,则省掉介词in/ at /to 3)若后面没有地点时,只能用arrive they arrived _ paris _ a winter evening. a at/in b to/on c in /on d in/at7. succeed (v)1).词性：名词 success 形容词 successful 副词 successfully 2).动词：succeed (in ) doing sth成功做某事fail to do sth 做某事没有成功she works so hard, so she will _ in _ the exam.a successful, pass b success, passing c succeed, passing d successful, passing8. achive ones dream 实现梦想come true 与achieve 的区别： 1).come true :实现，达到 。主语常为物 ，无被动语态。 2).achieve: 实现 主语为人。 he has achieved his dream .=his dream has _ _ . 9. human 人类 复数 humans german德国人 复数 germansi saw some _ and _ dancing in the street the day before yesterday. a. germen; englishmen b. germans; englishmans c. germans; englishmen。10. even though = even if即使11. most of / most 1).most of the +复数名词 “.中的大多数” 2).most +复数名词 “大多数的.” _ the students are clever . _students are clever.12. 1）include (v ) 包括， 包含2）including(prep)包括-在内， 后接名词或代词。many cities in china, _ beijing, have been deeply affected by dirty air.a. including b. include c. without13. in the face of 面对（问题，困难等）14. nature (n)自然界， 大自然 natural (adj)自然的 page 531. time1） 时间 what time is it? = whats the time? its + 时刻数。 几点了？2） 次数 once 一次， twice两次， 3次 基数词+times3） 倍数表示“a比b长（宽高大重等）n倍”时，其结构是“a+be+基数词（n+1）+times+形容词比较级+ than +b表示“a 的长度（宽度高度大小重量等）是b的n倍”，其结构是“a+be+基数词（n）+times+as+形容词原级+ as+bthis room is five times as big as that one =this room is_ _bigger than that one .2. at birth = when someone was born 出生时date of birth = birthday 生日3. live up to 20 to 30 years 活到20到30年4. up to 一直到， 多达，至多有5. an adult 一个成年人page541. prepare for为-准备2. 名词作定语：1).名词作定语时，一般用单数形式。 there is a shoe factory near the school .2).名词作定语时，个别情况用复数形式。(sport ) the sports meeting will be held next week .3).man、woman 作定语表示性别时，man、woman随后面的名词单复数而变。 one man teacher two women teachers -there are 50 _ in our school . so we need to prepare 50 pairs of shoes.- yes. lets go to wenhua road to have a look . there are many _ along the road.a. woman teachers, shoes storesb. women teachers, shoes storesc. women teachers, shoe stores the old man dropped the _ and broke it. a. cup of coffee b. coffees cup c. coffee cup3. run over with excitement兴奋地跑过去4. walk into走路时撞着5. fall over绊倒6. take care of = look after照顾7. ones/ 形容词性物主代词 + own + 名词 -自己的 of ones own 属于某人自己的 my own house = a house of my own8. play with sb和某人一起玩9. one / it的区别 one 代替同类事物中的一种. 而it代替上文中出现的某事物. this book is a good one . may i borrow it ?10. every two days每两天/ 每隔一天数词前加every ,表示每/每隔 . every ten days =every ninth day 每十天(每隔九天) 注:every +基数词 +复数名词 = every + (序数词-1) +单数名词11. die from / die ofdie from由于-而死（原因常是来自外界），常接这样的名词：a wound, an accident, over work, drinking, cancer -死于受伤、事故、工作过量、饮酒、癌症die of 因患-而死，后常加这样的名词：hunger, cold, illness, old age, a disease, cancer-死于饥饿、寒冷、病、年老、疾病、癌症12. cut down砍伐13. 人 + spend + 时间/ 钱 + on sth / (in) doing sth. spend 有时可指“度过”：spend holiday / weekends / winter sb spend -doing sth 物 + cost + sb + 钱： 若cost后无sb, 则译作“价钱是”： 人+ pay + sb + 钱 + for sth： (pay后所加内容可视具体情况取舍。切记for后接的是物，而不是人或钱。)人+buy sth for sb it + take + sb + s