【步步高】（江苏专用）高考英语一轮复习 Unit 2 The universal language同步导学 牛津译林版选修8(1).doc

【步步高】（江苏专用）2015届高考英语一轮复习 unit 2 the universal language同步导学 牛津译林版选修8.重点单词识记1universal /junivsl/ adj.共同的，普遍的，全体的，全世界的2cast /kst/ vt.& vi.选派角色；投射(光、影)；向投以(视线、笑容)3stubborn /stbn/ adj.固执的，顽固的4condemn /kndem/ vt.判刑，宣判；指责，谴责5dare /de(r)/ vt.& vi.& aux.敢于，胆敢6seize /siz/ vt.逮捕，捉拿；抓住，捉住；夺取，攻占7demand /dimnd/ vt.强烈要求；需要；n.要求；需求8scold /skld/ vt.训斥，责骂9deadline /dedlain/ n最后期限，截止日期10broken /brkn/ adj.破损的，受伤的；中止了的；不连续的11opportunity /ptjunti/ n机遇，时机，机会12liberty /libti/ n自由13decline /diklain/ n衰落，衰败；减少；下降；vi.& vt.衰落；下降；婉言谢绝14trend /trend/ n趋势，动向15seek /sik/ vt.& vi.试图，设法；寻找，寻求16prejudice /predis/ n偏见，成见；vt.使怀有(或形成)偏见17disturbing /distbi/ adj.令人不安的；引起恐慌的disturb vt.打扰，扰乱disturbed adj.心烦意乱的，烦恼的18evident /evidnt/ adj.清楚的，显然的evidently adv.明显地，显然地evidence n证据，根据19collection /klekn/ n作品集；收藏品；一批(人或物品)；取走collect vt.收集，收藏20tendency /tendnsi/ n倾向，偏好；趋势，趋向tend vi.往往，趋向；vt.照看21gradual /rl/ adj.逐渐的，逐步的；平缓的，不陡的gradually adv.渐渐地，逐渐地22discrimination /diskriminein/ n歧视，区别对待；辨别力，鉴赏力discriminate vi.& vt.歧视；区分，辨别.重点短语识记1be condemned to sth.被处以某种刑罚2ask for somebodys hand in marriage(向女方)求婚3break ones promise违背诺言4fall in love相爱，坠入爱河5at first sight初次见面；乍一看6be accessible to可由进入/使用7put up举起；张贴；提供食宿8apply for申请9serve as担任，用作，起作用10dance to随着的节奏跳舞11spring up突然兴起，迅速出现12break up破裂，解散；破碎.经典原句默写与背诵1just imagine performing such an opera in the forbidden citythere could not be a more awesome setting!想象一下在紫禁城上演这出歌剧吧不可能有比这更好的场景了！2the emperor finds the death disturbing.国王为死人的事感到不安。3however，although he would like to，he cannot break his promise and must allow turandot to do as she wishes.但是，虽然他很想收回这一允诺，但又不能食言，只能让图兰朵按照自己的意愿行事。4calafs father and liu have been seen accompanying calaf，so turandot seizes calafs father and liu，and demands that they tell her calafs name or they will be beaten.有人曾看见卡拉夫的父亲和柳儿陪着卡拉夫，因此图兰朵把卡拉夫的父亲和柳儿抓了起来，命令他们说出卡拉夫的名字，否则就要拷打他们。5wherever the beatles went，there was a phenomenon called beatlemaniathousands of fans would surround them，screaming and going crazy trying to see them.无论甲壳虫乐队到哪儿，总有一种被称为“披头士狂热”的现象成千上万的歌迷围住他们，尖叫着，疯狂地想见他们一面。1the disturbing news made people present at the meeting disturbed(disturb)2the situation is showing a tendency(tend) to improve.3if you are unwilling(willing)，dont hesitate to say no.4closure of the plant means 80 workers are facing unemployment(employment)5she was merciful(mercy) to the orphan；she often gave him food and water.6in the good care of the nurses，the boy is gradually(gradual) recovering from his heart operation.7i think its time we sought(寻求) legal advice.8we offered to give them a lift but they declined(婉言谢绝)9seize(抓住) the chance，otherwise youll regret it.10he stopped the man and demanded(要求) to know where he came from.1condemn sb./sth.for.因而谴责某人或某事condemn sb.as.指责某人为condemn sb.to.判处某人某种刑罚condemn sb.to sth./to do sth.迫使某人接受困境(或不愉快的状况)he was condemned to life imprisonment.他被判终身监禁。mark was condemned to do most of the work.马克被迫承担大部分工作。夯实基础用适当的介词填空(1)they were condemned to a life of hardship.(2)we condemned him for his bad behavior.2(1)作为情态动词，用在否定句或疑问句中。(2)作为实义动词，可用于各种句式。dare作实义动词时，其后的动词不定式符号to可以省略。(3)i dare say.意为“我认为，我想”，同i think.，其后接一个省去that的从句。dare he go out at night?yes，he dare./no，he darent.晚上他敢出去吗？是的。(只有在简略形式的回答中，情态动词dare才可用在肯定句中)/不，他不敢。he dares (to) go home alone.他敢一个人回家。he doesnt dare (to) go home alone.他不敢一个人回家。does he dare (to) go home alone?yes，he does./no，he doesnt.他敢一个人回家吗？是的，他敢。/不，他不敢。i dare say she will come.我认为她会来。特别提醒在做有关dare的练习时，先要分清它是情态动词还是实义动词。夯实基础翻译句子晚上他不敢出去。he darent go out at night.3demand (of sb.) to do.要求(某人)做demand doing/to be done需要demand that.(should) do.要求satisfy/meet ones demands满足某人的需求on demand一经要求in demand需要make demands of对提出要求we can understand or remember the knowledge which the teachers demand of us to master.我们才能理解或记住老师要求我们掌握的知识。(2013四川书面表达)特别提醒demand作动词时，后可接名词、不定式和从句作宾语，但不可跟sb.to do结构；后接that从句时，从句中谓语动词用虚拟语气，即(should)动词原形。夯实基础完成句子(1)strike workers demanded to see the manager.罢工工人要求见经理。(2)my demand is that the information referred to in my report be emailed to mr.brown without delay.我的要求是：请立刻把我的报告中提到的信息发给布朗先生。4collect v收集；收藏he made the mistake of leaving his valuable record collection with a former girlfriend.他犯了一个错误，把自己收藏的一批珍贵唱片留在了以前的一个女友那里。two years ago he published a collection of short stories.两年前，他出版了短篇小说集。词义辨析collect，gather(1)collect指按一定原则或种类仔细地将相关的东西收集在一起，使其成为某一整体的一部分。有时有认真选择的含义，指把不同类型的东西有秩序地编排或整理为一个整体。(2)gather表示没有选择性地加以收集、聚集；把分散的东西集中到一起，不仅可用于人和物，还可用于抽象的东西，如力量、印象等聚集起来，也指“采花、摘果”等。夯实基础用collect，gather的适当形式填空(1)they were gathering flowers for the festival.(2)ive collected over three hundred chinese stamps since i came here.5decline to do.拒绝做a decline in在方面下降in decline/on the decline在衰退中，走下坡路the minister declined to comment on the rumors.部长拒绝对那些传言发表评论。夯实基础(1)用适当的介词填空there has been a steady decline in public services over recent years.thankfully，this is a disease that is now on the decline.(2)翻译句子在许多方面生活水平正在下降。in many cases living standards are declining.单项填空1her lack of knowledge her to do the kind of work that needs strength.acondemns bmakescorders dconducts答案a解析句意为：缺乏知识使她不得不做这种需要力气的活。condemn sb.to do sth.迫使某人做某事。2although oriental ideas of womans subordination to man prevailed in those days，she meet with men on an equal basis.adid not dared bdared not tocdared not ddid dare not to答案c解析a项中dare为实义动词，应为dare原形；b项中dare为情态动词，后接动词原形；d项中dare为实义动词，否定式为didnt dare to。3the boss demanded that mary the work within a week.afinished bwould finishchad finished dfinish答案d解析demand后跟从句时，从句中用虚拟语气(should) do。4the gallery houses one of the finest of impressionist art.adirections bcollectionsctranslations dfunctions答案b解析句意为：这家美术馆收藏着印象派艺术最精美的作品。collection意为“艺术收藏品”，符合句意。5before he could run away，she seized him the collar.aat bwith cfor dby答案d解析seize sb.by sth.抓住某人的，固定搭配。6in addition to the rising birth rate and immigration，the death rate contributed to the population growth.adeclining baddingcdescending dincreasing答案a解析句意为：除了日益增加的出生率和移民现象外，死亡率下降也促成了人口的增长。declining意为“下降的”，符合题意。7my little son out alone at night.adares not go bdares not to gocdare not to go ddoesnt dare to go答案d解析dare作情态动词时没有人称和数的变化，后面不能接带to的不定式；作实义动词时，有人称和数的变化，变疑问句和否定句时要加助动词do，后面接不定式，且to可以省略。根据句意可知此处用一般现在时。故选d项。.汉译英1首先，在中国理科毕业生比文科毕业生的需求量大。(demand) (2012安徽书面表达)first，science graduates are in greater demand than arts ones in china.2如果我们团结得像一家人一样，互相关心帮助那些需要的人们，我们就能创造奇迹。(unite)(2011福建书面表达)we can work wonders if we unite as a family，caring for each other and helping those in need.1if the project is a success，similar constructions may spring up elsewhere in the country.2he was condemned to death for murder and later hanged.3when i first read dickenss novel at the age of 12，i immediately fell in love with british literature.4the band broke up about 1970，but happily they reunited in the mid1980s.5at first sight，there is nothing special about the watch，but in fact it is a mobile phone.1fall behind落后fall asleep入睡fall ill生病fall into the habit of养成的习惯fall into分成they fell in love with each other.他们彼此相爱了。夯实基础完成句子(1)he was so tired that he sat down and fell asleep(睡着了)(2)he fell into the habit of(养成了的习惯) going there every saturday evening，when he was in london.2break down(机器)出故障；失败；(身体或精神上)垮掉；破除；打破break off中断break through突破；冲破break out发生；爆发police were called in to break up the meeting.有人叫来了警察将聚会驱散。图解助记夯实基础用适当的介、副词填空(1)his health broke down from the stress of the new job.(2)my girlfriend had broken up with me.(3)it will take ten years to break through the cultural barriers.(4)a fire broke out last night.单项填空1while the husband computer games，his wife asleep.aplay；was fallingbwas playing；fellcwas playing；was fallingdplay；fell答案b解析while意为“正当时”，引导的从句要用进行时态；又因fall asleep为瞬间性动词短语，不能用进行时，故选b项。2if you are always by such kind of failure，you will never succeed.aturned down bcast downcmade down dput down答案b解析be cast down沮丧，符合题意。3it was then that i finally realised i had been fooled one of the most basic tricks social hucksters used!afallen down bfallen intocfallen for dfallen off答案c解析句意为：就是在那时我最终意识到我被愚弄了，受了社会上推销员们使用的最基本的花招的骗。fall for上的当，受的骗，符合句意。4i was telling them about my exciting travels，when he with a story of his own.abroke down bbroke offcbroke in dbroke up答案c解析句意为：我正在给他们讲我的惊险旅行时他突然插入讲述他自己的经历。break in插入，相当于cutin，符合句意。break down出故障，垮掉；break off折断；break up分离，分开。.汉译英1我的谈话可以自然分成三个部分。(fall into)my talk falls naturally into three parts.2句子可以分成从句。(break up)sentences can be broken up into clauses.用省略句改写下列句子1ill ask for your help if it is necessary.ill ask for your help if necessary.2some of us study japanese，and others study english.some of us study japanese，and others english.3though he was tired，he didnt stop at all.though tired，he didnt stop at all.4sorry，youve dialed the wrong number.sorry，wrong number.5have you got a light?got a light?while the blues was popular，as a musical format it lacked variety and was too sad and slow to dance to.尽管蓝调音乐非常受欢迎，但作为一种音乐形式，它缺少变化，而且太伤感、节奏太慢，不适合跳舞时伴奏。(1)too.to.太而不能(2)too.to.与not或never连用时，意为“无论也不过分，越越好”。cannot.too.再也不过分(3)only/just/but too.to.非常去做(too前的only，just，but不仅没有否定意义，反而加重了too的肯定语气)(4)too ready/easy/eager/willing/anxious/happy.to.表示肯定，作“过于、太会”解。(5)too.not to.表示肯定，含义是“非常必定能；太不会不”。ill be only too pleased to be able to do the job for you.我能为您效劳，真是十分高兴。夯实基础翻译句子(1)mary is too wise not to know it.玛丽很聪明，不会不懂的。(2)she is too ready to get angry.她动不动就生气。(3)you cannot be too careful.小心无过火。(4)one is never too old to learn.活到老学到老。.单项填空1lily had to call a taxi because the box was to carry all the way home.atoo much heavy btoo heavy muchcmuch too heavy dheavy too much答案c解析考查too.to.结构，much修饰too，加强语气。2must i turn off the gas after cooking?of course.you can never be careful to use it.aenough btoocso dvery答案b解析答语句意为：当然了。使用煤气的时候越小心越好。never too.to.无论也不过分，符合句意。3a microwave oven must be convenient to a busy couple like us. ，dear.but when do you plan to get one?ai just cant agree moreba pleasurecgood heavendno wonder答案a解析not.more表示最高级的含义，此处意为：我非常同意。.汉译英那就是那台零部件小得几乎看不见的新机器。(too.to.)thats the new machine whose parts are too small to be seen.1oldfashioned phones matter when wireless networks in disasters. (2013福建，28)aturn down bturn outcbreak down dbreak out答案c解析句意为：当无线网络在灾难中出故障时，老式电话起很大作用。turn down关小，拒绝；turn out结果是；break down崩溃，损坏；break out(战争、火灾等)爆发。由句意知选项c正确。2according to scientists，our mental abilities begin to from the age of 27 after reaching the highest level at 22.(2012浙江，12)adiffer bshrinkcfail ddecline答案d解析句意为：据科学家称，我们的脑力在22岁达到最高水平之后便从27岁开始衰退。decline衰退，下降，变弱，符合句意。differ不同；shrink缩水；fail失败，衰竭。3he had to pause from time to time to wipe the sweat from his forehead，because the airconditioning system .(2012陕西，19)abroke in bbroke upcbroke out dbroke down答案d解析考查动词短语辨析。break in打断，闯入；break up结束，散开，分解；break out爆发；break down崩溃，垮掉，出毛病，抛锚。句意为：他不得不时不时地停下来擦去额头的汗水，因为空调出毛病了。故选d项。4when for his views about his teaching job，philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding.(2012安徽，30)aasking baskedchaving asked dto be asked答案b解析句意为：当