八年级英语上册 Unit 7 Will people have robots？单元知识归纳 （新版）人教新目标版(1).doc

unit 7 will people have robots？ 单元知识目标突破词汇section apaper n. 纸；纸张p114section bbelieve v相信；认为有可能p121future n将来；未来p116hundreds of许多；大量p121pollute v. 污染p116be able to 能够做某事p121plant v. 种植 n. 植物p116disagree v. 不同意；持不同意见；有分歧p122play a part 参与(某事)p116fall v. 倒塌；跌倒；掉落p122section bdangerous adj.有危险的；不安全的p120look for 寻找；寻求p123possible adj.可能存在或发生的；可能的p123over and over again 多次；反复地p120probably adv.很可能；大概p123把握句型1.there will be fewer people.将有更少的人。注意there will be句型。2today there are already robots working in factories.现在已经有机器人在工厂里工作了。there is/aresb./sth.doing sth.句型。熟悉语法学习一般将来时。学会交际学会运用对未来进行推测的交际用语。写作练笔学习写对未来的生活进行描绘的文章。课文翻译section a 2dnick：what are you reading，jill?jill：its a book about the future.nick：sounds cool. so what will the future be like?jill：well，cities will be more crowded and polluted. there will be fewer trees and the environment will be in great danger.nick：that sounds bad！will we have to move to other planets?jill：maybe. but i want to live on the earth.nick：me，too. then what can we do?jill：we can use less water and plant more trees.everyone should play a part in saving the earth.,尼克：吉尔，你在读什么？吉尔：一本关于未来的书。尼克：听起来很酷。未来会是什么样子的？吉尔：噢，城市将会更拥挤并被污染得更严重。树会更少，环境会处在危险中。尼克：那听起来很不好！我们将不得不搬到其他星球上去吗？吉尔：可能吧。但是我想住在地球上。尼克：我也是。那我们能做什么呢？吉尔：我们可以少用水、多种树。每个人都应该参与到拯救地球的活动中。知识详解1books will only be on computers，not on paper.书只会在电脑上，而不会在纸上。【解读】paper n. “纸，纸张”，是不可数名词。表示“一张纸”用a piece of paper，“两张纸”用two pieces of paper。there is a piece of paper on the table.桌子上有一张纸。【拓展】paper n. “试卷”，作可数名词，有复数形式。i lost a history paper.我丢了一份历史试卷。【例题】 the teacher marked(批分数) the exam _ and wrote the students grades on a piece of _.apapers；paperbpaper；paperscpaper；paper dpapers；papers解析根据前半句的marked可知第一空填papers，意为“试卷”，是可数名词；第二空填paper，构成固定搭配a piece of paper “一张纸”。答案a句意老师批阅了试卷并把学生们的分数写在了一张纸上。2will people use money in 100 years？人们在100年后将会使用金钱吗？【解读】本句是一般将来时的一般疑问句。一般将来时由will/shallv.构成。【解读】in 100 years 100年后，提问“in时间段”时用特殊疑问词how soon 或when。how soon/when will they return?他们多久/什么时候返回？in three weeks.三周后。【拓展】in和afterin后接一段时间，不能接时间点，表示“一段时间后”，一般用于将来时。ill clean the blackboard in a moment.稍后我就擦黑板。after后接表示一段时间的词语时，用于过去时；接时间点时，可与将来时态连用。he began to play soccer after an hour.一小时后他开始踢足球。well go to school after 10：30.十点半后我们要去上学。【例1】my father will be back from shanghai _ a week.afor baftercin dat点拨：for与一段时间连用时，时态常用完成时；after与一段时间连用时，时态常用过去时；in与一段时间连用时，时态常用将来时；句意为“我爸爸一周后将从上海回来”。at放在句中与句意不符。答案：c【例2】_ will everything be free?in 100 years.ahow long bhow farchow soon dhow often点拨：a项提问一段时间；b项提问距离；d项提问频率。根据答语可知问句应用how soon提问。句意为“多久后一切东西都免费？”答案：c【例3】用in和after填空our work will be finished _ an hour.our work will be finished _ 9：00.答案：inafter3there will be fewer people.将有更少的人。【解读】本句是含有there be句型的一般将来时的简单句。结构为：there will be主语其他。其否定形式是在will 后加not；疑问句形式是把will 提到there前。简略肯定回答：yes，there will.简略否定回答：no，there wont.there will not be enough room for people to live in.将没有足够的给人住的空间。will there be fewer animals in the world?世界上将有更少的动物吗？【解读】fewer adj. (few的比较级) 较少的；更少的，修饰可数名词的复数形式。i have fewer friends.我有更少的朋友。【辨析】fewer，less和more(1)fewer同上。my friend has fewer apples than i.我朋友比我的苹果少。(2)less较少的；更少的，little的比较级，修饰不可数名词。i have less money in my bag.我包里的钱更少了。(3)more更多的，many和much的比较级，可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词。there is more water in the bottle.瓶子里的水更多了。we have more challenges.我们有更多的挑战。【例1】will there _ any paper money in 100 years?no，_.ahave；there wontbbe；there wontchave；they wontdbe；they wont点拨：根据问句中的there可知是考查there be句型；其简略否定答语也用there。答案：b【例2】well try our best to do the work with _money and _ people.afew；little ba few；a littlecless；fewer dfewer；less点拨：money是不可数名词，要用little及其有关的词或短语修饰；people是复数形式，要用few及其有关的词或短语修饰。句意为“我们将尽力用更少的资金、更少的人去完成这项工作”。答案：c【例3】根据汉语意思完成下句我想要更多水、更少的食物。i would like _ water and _ food.答案：more；less4.whats your prediction about the future？你对未来的预测是什么？【解读】future n将来；未来，常构成短语：in the future 在将来；在未来，指的是将来的某一时刻，不一定从现在开始。who can tell what will happen in the future?谁能说得清将来会发生什么事？in future 今后，指从现在开始的以后，相当于from now on。we should study hard in future.今后我们应该努力学习。【例题】they are thinking about the life _future.aon the bin thecat the dfor the点拨：句意为“他们正在考虑将来的生活”。in the future意为“在将来；在未来”，是固定短语。故选b项。答案：b5well，cities will be more crowded and polluted.哦，城市将会更拥挤并被污染得更严重。【解读】pollute v. 污染people shouldnt pollute water in the river.人们不该污染河水。【拓展】polluted adj. 被污染的，本句中就是此意。polluted water is bad for our health.污水对我们的健康有害。pollution n. 污染；污染物what do you think of pollution?你对污染有什么看法？【例题】now _ is very serious. some rivers and lakes are _.apollution；pollutebpolluted；pollutioncpollution；polluteddpollute；polluted点拨：浏览题干可知，第一空在句中作主语，故用名词pollution；第二空在系动词are后，故用形容词polluted；pollute是动词。句意为“现在污染很严重。一些河流、湖泊被污染了”。答案：c6we can use less water and plant more trees.我们可以少用水、多种树。【解读】plant v. 种植in spring，people are busy planting trees.春天，人们忙于植树。plant n. 植物green plants are good for health.绿色植物有益于身体健康。i like putting some plants in my living room.我喜欢在客厅摆放一些植物。【例题】do you like _？aplanting planting bplants plantingcplanting plants dplant plant点拨：浏览各选项可知 like后接动词ing形式；plant有两种含义，作名词时意为“植物”。句意为“你喜欢种植物吗？”，故选c项。答案：c7everyone should play a part in saving the earth.每个人都应该参与到拯救地球的活动中。【解读】play a part 参与(某事)，常用短语为：play a part in.参与到中，in是介词，后接名词、代词或动词ing形式。lets play a part in the discussion.我们参与到讨论中吧。children are playing a part in cleaning the classroom.孩子们正参与打扫教室。【例题】will you play a part _ the animals?asave bto savecin saving din save点拨：play a part in.意为“参与到中”，in是介词，后接名词、代词或动词ing形式。故选c项。答案：c语法一般将来时大家都有很多将来要做的事，可是在英语中怎样表达呢？请看下面的这则对话：teacher：“三八”妇女节就要到了，同学们应该做一件让妈妈高兴的事情。peter：i will help my mother with the housework tomorrow.lucy：i will help my mother do some shopping.tom：i will help my mother clean the room.teacher：good. youre all good children.从上面的对话中，你发现一般将来时的特点了吗？ 概念：一般将来时是表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态。my brother will watch a football match on tv this evening.我弟弟今天晚上将在电视上观看一场足球比赛。构成及句式：he wont go to school this afternoon.今天下午他不去上学了。will she visit her grandma next weekend?下个周末她去探望她的祖母吗？yes，she will./no，she wont.是的，她去。/不，她不去。时间状语：这一时态常用的时间状语有：tomorrow(morning，afternoon，evening)，next time，in a month，from now on，soon 等。ill be more careful from now on.从现在起我会更加小心的。一般将来时的其他形式：1“be going to动词原形”可表示将来，用来表示近期将要发生的动作或存在的状态，以及计划、安排、打算要做的事。其中be有人称和数的变化。were going to pick apples next week.下周我们打算去摘苹果。2现在进行时也可表示将来，通常表示已安排好的活动或事情。hes leaving for shanghai tomorrow.他明天要出发去上海。【例1】 tomorrow will be fathers day. what will you do?i _“i love you，daddy” to him.awill say bis sayingcsays dsay解析由问句中的“tomorrow”可知，答句是表示将来要发生的事，故用一般将来时态。答案a句意“明天是父亲节，你会做什么？”“我会对他说我爱你，爸爸。”【例2】 there_ fewer trees in the future.ais going to bebare going to becis going to havedare going to have解析此题考查there be句型一般将来时的用法。句中的主语是trees(可数名词)，首先排除a、c两项；且there be本意是“有”，不能与实义动词have/has用在一起。答案b句意将来会有更少的树。【例3】 we will have a discussion about it_.athree days ago bafter three dayscthe day before din three days解析本题考查in的用法。将来时不与表示过去的时间连用，故排除a、c两项；在将来时中表示一段时间之后，介词用in不用after。答案d句意三天后我们将有一次关于这件事情的讨论。【例4】 i _my grandparents tonight.awill visit bam visitingcvisit dboth a and b解析由时间状语tonight可知要用一般将来时，而一般将来时的结构为“will/shall动词原形”或直接用现在进行时表示计划、打算要做的事，故选d项。答案d句意今晚我要去看望我的祖父母。section b & self check课文翻译section b 2bdo you think you will have your own robot?when we watch movies about the future，we sometimes see robots. they are usually just like human servants.they help with the housework and do jobs like working in dirty or dangerous places.today there are already robots working in factories.for example，they can help to build cars，and they do simple jobs over and over again. fewer people will do such jobs in the future because they are boring，but robots will never get bored.some scientists believe that there will be more robots in the future.however，they agree it may take hundreds of years. scientists are now trying to make robots look like humans and do the same things as us. some robots in japan can even walk and dance. these kinds of robots are fun to watch.but scientist james white thinks that it will be difficult for a robot to do the same things as a person. for example，its easy for children to wake up and know where they are.mr. white thinks that robots wont be able to do this，but some scientists disagree. they think that robots will even be able to talk like humans in 25 to 50 years.new robots will have many different shapes. some will look like humans，and others might look like snakes.if buildings fall down with people inside，snake robots will be able to help look for people under the buildings.that may not seem possible now，but computers and rockets seemed impossible 100 years ago. we never know what will happen in the future！,你认为你将会拥有自己的机器人吗？当我们看关于未来的电影时，我们有时候会看到机器人。他们通常像人类的仆人。他们帮助做家务，并在肮脏的、危险的地方工作。现在已经有机器人在工厂里工作了。例如，他们可以帮助造车，并且能够反复地做一些简单的工作。在未来会有更少人做那样的工作，因为它们很无聊，但是机器人从不会感到无聊。一些科学家相信将来会有更多机器人。然而，他们都一致认为这要经历上百年的时间。科学家们现在正尽力让机器人看起来像人并和我们做一样的事情。在日本，一些机器人甚至会行走和跳舞。这些种类的机器人看起来会是很有趣的。但是科学家詹姆斯怀特认为对机器人来说和人做一样的事情会是很难的。例如，对一个孩子来说醒来和知道他们在哪里是容易的。怀特先生认为机器人将不能做到这点，但是一些科学家不同意。他们认为25到50年后机器人甚至能像人一样交谈。新生机器人将有许多不同的形状。一些将看起来像人，另一些可能像蛇。如果楼房倒塌而里面有人，蛇形机器人将能够帮助寻找楼房下面的人。现在看起来似乎是不可能的，但在100年之前，电脑、火箭似乎也是不可能的。我们永远不知道未来会发生什么！知识详解1they help with the housework and do jobs like working in dirty or dangerous places.他们帮助做家务，并在肮脏的、危险的地方工作。【解读】dangerous adj.有危险的；不安全的指对他人或物构成了危险或威胁。the tiger is very dangerous.老虎是很危险的。【拓展】danger n. 危险，in danger意为“处于危险之中”，指自身处于危险之中。some animals are in danger.一些动物处于危险之中。【例题】its _ to climb(爬) the tall tree. be careful.adangerbdangerouscbusy ddifficult点拨：根据“小心”可知“爬那棵高树是危险的”。danger是名词，意为“危险”。is后接形容词作表语。答案：b2today there are already robots working in factories.现在已经有机器人在工厂里工作了。【解读】本句含有固定句型：there is/aresb./sth.doing sth.表示“有某人/某物在做某事”。there are some boys swimming in the swimming pool.有一些男孩在游泳池里游泳。there is a bag lying on the ground.有一个包躺在地上。【例题】there will be robots _ with us in the future.atalk bwill talkctalking dtalked点拨：句意为“将来会有机器人和我们交谈”。there will besb.doing sth.是there is/aresb./sth.doing sth.的变形。答案：c3for example，they can help to build cars，and they do simple jobs over and over again.例如，他们可以帮助造车，并且能够反复地做一些简单的工作。【解读】over and over again 多次；反复地he told me to look after his dog over and over again.他再三地告诉我照顾他的小狗。i dont like to do boring exercises over and over again.我不喜欢反复地做无聊的习题。【拓展】once again 再一次lets do that once again.我们再做一次。【例题】teachers shouldnt ask students to copy the words _.its simple and boring.aagain bonce againcover and over again dagain over and over点拨：a项意为“又一次”；b项意为“再一次”；c项意为“多次；反复地”；d项短语有误。由句意“教师不应该让学生反复地抄写单词。那简单又无聊。”可知c项符合句意。答案：c4some scientists believe that there will be more robots in the future.一些科学家相信将来会有更多机器人。【解读】believe v相信；认为有可能作及物动词，之后可以接名词、代词作宾语，也可以接宾语从句。i believe that hell come here.我认为他会来这儿。若要否定believe 后所跟宾语从句的意义，则往往承前否定。这一点与think相同。i dont believe that he will come here.我认为他不会来这儿。【例题】i _ believe he _ speak three languages.adont；cant bdo；cantcdont；can dam not；can点拨：浏览各选项看出本句是否定句，believe 后接了宾语从句，否定时前置，故排除b项；否定前置，后面用肯定形式，故排除a项；主语是i，动词是believe，所以否定时要借助于助动词dont，排除d项。句意为“我认为他不会说三种语言”。答案：c5however，they agree it may take hundreds of years.然而，他们都一致认为这要经历上百年的时间。【解读】hundreds of许多；大量，后接名词复数。类似用法的还有：thousands of 成千上万的；millions of 数百万计的；billions of 十亿计的hundreds of people lost their homes in the floods.数百人在洪水中失去了家园。【拓展】hundred前有基数词时，hundred不用复数形式，且后面也不用of。thousand，million，billion同hundred。there are eight hundred workers in the factory.这个工厂有八百名工人。【例题】there are _of students in our school but only _ of them are girls.ahundreds；two hundredbhundred；two hundredschundreds；two hundredsdhundred；two hundred点拨：hundreds of students意为“数百名学生”；two是基数词，因此hundred用原形。句中第二空格后of 意为“的”，并非two hundreds of，故选a项。句意为“我们学校有数百名学生，但其中只有二百名是女生”。答案：a6mr. white thinks that robots wont be able to do this，but some scientists disagree.怀特先生认为机器人将不能做到这点，但是一些科学家不同意。【解读】be able to 能够做某事；会做某事he is able to swim.他会游泳。【辨析】be able to 和can二者都可以表示“能；会”。在表示现在和过去“力所能及”时，二者可以互换。i can/am able to speak a little english now.我现在会说一些英语。he was able to/could run fast when he was eight.他八岁时就能跑得很快了。但它们也有一些区别：be able to可用于各种时态；可用于不定式的后面；不能用于表示猜测的句中。can只用于一般现在时和一般过去时。不能用于不定式的后面。表示猜测时，只能用can。you will be able to learn another foreign language in two years.两年后你将能够学另一门外语。i hope to be able to go fishing with you.我希望能和你一起去钓鱼。mr. king cant be at home now.现在金先生不可能在家。【解读】disagree v. 不同意；持不同意见；有分歧，其反义词是agree。disagree with sb.不同意某人he disagrees with me and im very angry.他不同意我，我很生气。disagreement n. 分歧；不同观点，反义词是agreement。we students often have some disagreements.我们学生经常有分歧。【例1】take it easy. i am sure you _ work it out soon.awill can bwill be able tocbe able to dcould点拨：句意为“别着急，我相信你很快就会把它给解出来的”。用be able to 的将来时。a项错误，因为can没有将来时；c项中的be受人称单复数所决定；d项不符合时态。答案：b【例2】it _ be our english teacher，because he is in shanghai now.acan not bcould notcisnt able to dis able to not点拨：浏览题干，根据后半句句意“因为现在他在上海”可知“那肯定不是我们的英语教师”，故表示推测，排除c、d两项；could在表示推测时，可能性要小，故选a项。答案：a【例3】at this point，bob and tom have some _.but who do you _ with?adisagree；disagreementsbdisagreements；disagreecagreements；disagreeddisagreement；disagree点拨：some后接disagreements或agreements都可，排除a、d两项；c项在句中与句意不符；故选b项。句意为“在这点上，鲍勃和汤姆有一些分歧。但是你不同意谁呢？”。答案：b7if buildings fall down with people inside，snake robots will be able to help look for people under the buildings.如果楼房倒塌而里面有人，蛇形机器人将能够帮助寻找楼房下面的人。【解读】本句是复合句，if引导的是条件状语从句。【解读】fall v. 倒塌；跌倒；掉落，过去式为：fell。rain is falling.雨正在下。fall down 突然倒下；跌倒；倒塌an earthquake happened and many houses fell down.地震发生了，许多房屋都倒塌了。fall n. 秋天its cool in fall.秋天很凉爽。【解读】look for 寻找；寻求，强调找的过程。hes looking for his dog.他正在寻找他的小狗。【辨析】look for，find，find out(1)look for意为“寻找”，强调“寻找”的过程。(2)find指“偶然发现”或“几乎无困难地找到”。强调“寻找”的结果。(3)find out指通过观察、探索而发现事实的真相。一般指主观有意识的动作。the police found out who was the criminal.警察查明了谁是罪犯。the police looked for the thief everywhere，but they didnt find him.警察到处找那个小偷，但没找到。【例1】last night his house _ after a heavy rain.afell down bfalls downcfelt down dfeels down点拨：根据last night可知时态用一般过去时；fall 是动词原形，过去式为fell；而felt是feel的过去式。句意为“昨天晚上，他的房子在一场大雨后倒塌了”。答案：a【例2】lily _ her shoes，but she didnt _ them.alooked for；find bfound；looked forclooked for；find out dfound out；looked for点拨：look for强调“寻找”的过程。find强调“寻找”的结果。find out指通过观察、探索而发现事实的真相。综上所述，只有a项符合。句意为“莉莉寻找她的鞋子，但是没有找到它们”。答案：a8that may not seem possible now，but computers and rockets seemed impossible 100 years ago.现在看起来似乎是不可能的，但在100年之前，电脑、火箭似乎也是不可能的。【解读】possible adj.可能存在或发生的；可能的its possible for an eight-month baby to walk对于一个八个月的婴儿来说，会走路是可能的。impossible adj. 不可能的，是possible的反义词。nothing is impossible if you try your best.如果你尽最大努力，没有事情是不可能的。【例题】the internet makes it _ for us to send information to each other in a few seconds.apossible bnecessarycimpossible dimportant点拨：a项意为“可能的”；b项意为“必需的”；c项意为“不可能的”；d项意为“重要的”。根据事实情况可知，“互联网使得我们在几秒钟内互相发送信息成为可能”。答案：a9in the future，people will work more so theyll probably have fewer vacations.在将来，人们会更多地工作，所以他们可能有更少的假期【解读】probably adv.很可能；大概可放于句首，也可放在助动词、系动词、情态动词之后或实义动词之前。probably he has come.他可能已经来了。itll probably snow.也许要下雪。【辨析】probably，maybe，perhaps，may beprobably 也许；可能，表示把握性很大的事情。maybe或许；大概，把握性比probably小，相当于perhaps。常放于句首。maybe/perhaps he is right.或许他是对的。may be 可能是，是情态动词maybe，常用作谓语动词。maybe he is a doctor.he may be a doctor.他可能是一名医生。【例1】 he will _come tomorrow.aperhaps bmaybecprobably dmay be点拨：浏览题干可知will come是谓语动词，故排除d项；a、b两项常放于句首，故排除；c项意为“或许；大概”，可放于句首，也可放于助动词、系动词、情态动词之后或实义动词之前，符合句法。句意为“明天他可能回来”。答案：c【例2】 maybe my uncle is at home.(改为同义句)my uncle _ _at home.点拨：maybe意为“或许；大概”，是一个副词。句意为“或许我叔叔在家”。第二句缺少谓语，又含有“大概；或许”之意，故用may be，是情态动词后接be，可作谓语。答案：may be交际用语你对未来有何愿望？你是怎样规划未来的蓝图的？如何表达对于未来的设想？请看本单元涉及对未来的预测的对话：1will people use money in 100 years?100年后人们会使用钱吗？no，they wont. everything will be free.不，他们不会。一切都将免费。对于一般将来时的一般疑问句的简略回答，肯定形式为：yes，主语wi