广东省陆丰市内湖中学中考英语辅导资料 完形填空解题技巧及注意事项分析 人教新目标版.doc

中考完形填空解题技巧及注意事项分析中考完形填空的概述完形填空是中考常见的一种题型，也是中学生最为棘手的题型之一。它是由出题者在一篇语义连贯的文章中有目的地去掉一些词语，形成空格，要求在给出的对应的备选答案中，选出一个正确的或最佳的答案，使文章恢复完整。完形填空主要有以下几个考点：1、词汇：考查近义词的区别，主要有动词、名词、形 容词、副词、介词、连词、代词以及固定搭配等；2、语法：主要考查名词的单复数；形容词和副词的比较级；动词的时态及语态；主谓一致；动词不定式和动词ing等形式；3、句型：主要考查一些常用或习惯性用法的句型；4、结构：主要考查对文章的逻辑关系的整体感知和理解解题步骤及技巧如下：一.细读开篇首句，推测文章大意完形填空的第一句一般是不留空的，并且第一句话很关键。它往往是文章的主题句，所以我们要加以重视。另外在快速阅读时应抓住文章的关键句，比如文章的第一句，段落的第一句和最后一句等。它们往往是全文或全段的主题句，帮助了解全文所描述的事件或文章的中心议题，通过它们可以知道文章的题材，大意，时间，人物，事件等。例如2011年完形填空的第一句话是：one day a poor man was traveling on horseback. 通过这句话我们可知这是一篇记叙文，主人公是a poor man ，主要内容是骑着马去旅行。二.通读全文，领会大意完形填空题不同于单项选择填空题。单项填空题所给的是一个或两个句子，根据本句或前后句就可以判定所选的答案。而完形填空题所给的是一篇意思完整的短文，所选的答案处在整段或整篇文章之中。所以在做题前，必须先浏览全文，了解短文的大意，这是绝不可省的一步。 每篇短文总有一定的主题思想，段落之间必然承上启下，前呼后应，句与句之间 也一定紧密相连，形成一个整体。因此通读全文是要一气呵成，不要中断思路，只要能了解短文的大意就可。某些细节不理解可以跳过。如果不影响答题，可以置之不理。如果与答题有关，可到第二步填空时再琢磨解决。 三. 围绕文章大意，精读试填在第一次的通读过后对文章大意都应该有了个大概的了解。当然也有可能因为第一遍通读带有空缺单词的短文时一时把握不住短文内容，弄不清头绪，这是很正常的。因此此时要注意克服畏难情绪和急躁心理，先稳定情绪，再将短文读一遍。接着根据前面所了解的大意进行精读并试填。 在通读全文的基础上，对各备选答案应进行对比分析。而在分析过程中应特别注意以下几点： 1、当遇到一个空时，首先要考虑填进这个空的词在句子中的成分是什么？词性是什么？2、如果需要填的是名词，就要考虑名词的单复数和所有格形式。3、如果需要填的是形容词或副词，就应考虑是用原级或是比较级，还是最高级。4、如果需要填的是动词，则要考虑则是时态，语态，人称变化，语气以及非谓语动词（不定式和动词-ing形式）的一般式，被动式和完成式等。5、如果需要填空的是介词，则要注意固定搭配的用法。6、如果需要填的是冠词，则要注意是用不定冠词还是用定冠词。7、另外要注意一些固定句型的完整。四.先易后难短文中每个空白处的正确答案和上下文在意思上和结构上都有这样或那样的必然联系。一般说来，所选答案只有在上下文意思上和结构上都吻合的时候，才是正确答案。因此，必须注意上下的参照，连贯思考。如果答案一时确定不下来，切记不要耽误太久，不要仅局限在与上下文的对照上，可暂放一边，待其他简单的答案选好之后，把视野扩大到全文，再回过头来仔细推敲。因为有时一旦和整篇短文联系起来，就可豁然开朗，很容易选出正确答案。5.复查核对，决定取舍全部题目作完以后，要仔细考查核对。其方法是:把短文连同所选答案细读一遍，凡读起来别扭或答案无确切把握的地方分别记下来，然后将每个空白处与其相对应的四个答案逐一对照，务求一一过关，避免遗漏。若发现原所选答案与复查时所选答案不同，不要急于涂改，待认真斟酌核实后，再决定取舍。试题范例in some parts of the world there are large deserts. there are no trees and (1)_ water there. travelers must take food and (2)_ with them.the (3)_ animal that can walk through the desert is the camel. (4)_ can go without food and water for a long time. and besides he can carry heavy loads. people call the (5)_ “the ship of the desert”.the camel is very big. he has one or two humps(驼峰) on his back, short ears and a long (6)_.the camels humps hold fat, and his stomach holds water in twelve deep pockets. (7)_ pocket has a mouth which closes, and the food does not mix the water. when the camel (8)_ some water, he can get it out of the (9)_. the camels food is (10)_ and leaves of trees. ( )1. a. no b. any c. not d. /( )2. a. milk b. water c. meat d. grass( )3. a. just b. other c. only d. another( )4. a. he b. they c. she d. it( )5. a. camel b. elephant c. cow d. horse( )6. a. mouth b. neck c. leg d. nose( )7. a. either b. each c. all d. both( )8. a. was wanting b. wants c. is wanting d. wanted( )9. a. nose b. pockets c. mouth d. bags( )10. a. grass b. meat c. bread d. cake 请同学们先不要看下面的解析，而是根据上面介绍的解题方法，自己做一遍。然后再核实你做得是否正确。题解与分析：这是一篇说明文，介绍了沙漠之舟骆驼的生理特征和在沙漠中的作用。1.a. 并列连词and 连接的两个对等成分，前面是否定的，后面也应 是否定的。2.b. 根据生活常识和上下文，在沙漠中旅行应该带水。3.c. 这句话的意思是：唯一能穿越沙漠的动物是骆驼。other, another 是”其他”的意思，文章并没有谈及其他动物。just 做”仅仅”讲时是副词，不能加名词。only 则是形容词，用来修饰名词。4.a. 本文采用拟人的写法，用he代替camel。5.a. 本文只介绍了一种动物，那就是骆驼。6.b. 骆驼的脖子很长，这是一个基本常识。7.b. both 和either 适用于两者之间，根据twelve deep pockets 可以排除这两个选项。all 用于三者之上，且加复数名词。each 加上单数名词表示”每个”。8.b. 这篇文章都使用了一般现在时态。9.b. 根据上文可知pocket 是骆驼的储水器官。10.a. 骆驼是食草动物，这是一般的常识。we should remember that we all learned our own language well when we were children. if we could learn _1_ second language in the same way, it would not seem so _2_. think _3_ what a small child does. it listens to what people say and tries _ 4_ what it hears. when it wants something, it has to ask _5_ it. it is using the language, talking in it, and thinking in it all the time. if people _6_ use a second language all the time, they would learn it quickly. we learn our own language _7_ hearing people speak it, not by seeing what they write. we imitate _8_ what we hear. in school, though you learn to read and write _9_ to hear and speak, it is the best way _10_ all the new words through the ear. you can read them, speak them, and write them later.1. a. a b. an c. the d. / 2. a. easy b. fast c. simple d. difficult3. a. of b. outc. overd. about4. a. imitateb. imitatingc. to imitated. imitated5. a. ofb. forc. afterd. about6. a. couldb. shouldc. wouldd. had to7. a. ofb. byc. ond. with8. a. whatb. whenc. whered. how9. a. andb. butc. as well asd. as long as10. a. learnb. learns c. learningd. to learn1. a。考冠词，用语法分析法。该句中“学习第二种语言”指的是除了母语之外的任何一种语言，并非特指，而是泛指，因此，要用不定冠词。这样就可排除后面两个选项，second 是以辅音开头的单词，又可否定第二个选项。2. d。该题用科学推测法。“按照学习母语的方法学习第二种语言，肯定不难”，不可能是“不容易，学得不快，不简单”。3. a。该题用逐个排除法。回忆学习母语的方法，马上就能想起来，根本用不着思索(think out)，仔细考虑(think over)，这样就能排除中间两个选项。表示“考虑，对看法”时，think of和think about可互换使用，表示“想起，记起”时，只能用think of，这样又可排除d。4. c。从语法上分析，表示还没有做的事情做宾语时，要用带to的动词不定式；从语境上分析，表示“尽力做某事，设法做某事”时，用词组try to do sth 来表示。 5. b。根据上半句“想要”，可推测出下半句是“不得不向要”，要选一个能与ask构成表示“向要”意思的介词，这四个介词中，只有for。ask for是个固定词组，根据固定搭配法也能锁定正确选项。6. d。该题测试情态动词的用法，用语境推测法。“总是在用第二种语言”，一定是受外界条件影响的结果，属于客观条件逼迫着不得不怎么样，因此，要用have to来表示。7. b。根据句中提供的语境，“学习自己的语言”与“听说”之间，应选一个表示“依据，按照，通过”的介词。这四个介词中，只有by有此意思。从与hearing people speak it相并列的by seeing what they write短语，运用语感感知法，也能迅速锁定选项。8. a。该题用语法分析法。hear是个及物动词，需要接宾语，when，where，how都是疑问副词，不能充当宾语。(from www.zkenglishlcom)9. c。该题用语境推测法。“读和写”与“听和说”是并列关系，应选表示并列关系的连词。but表示转折关系，as long as表示条件关系，都不能被选。and 和 as well as 都是“和”的意思，选and时要翻译成“读写和听说”，同时还得去掉原句的动词不定式符号to，显然不能被选。10. d。句意为“通过听力学习生词是最好的方法”。这是一个动词不定式短语作主语的句子， it是形式主语，指代后面动词不定式短语。once upon a time, some children were playing at seaside when they found a turtle(海龟). they began to beat the turtle. just at that time, a young man came and said to them, “stop!” the children ran _1_ quickly. the turtle was very thankful and said, “thanks for your kindness. i really would like _2_ you to a wonderful palace now.”the young man rode on the back of the turtle and was taken to the secret palace in the sea. when he _3_ the palace, he was very surprised and said to the turtle, “what a nice palace!” to thank him, the king of the turtles gave him _4_. he had never seen such a dinner before. he received a warm welcome there and was very _5_ everything.after dinner, the king of the turtles said, “i am going to give you two boxes, _6_ you can open only one.” “you mustnt open both. dont forget it!” the turtle warned him. “all right. i will open only one,” the young man promised(许诺). at this time, a large wave sent him out of the sea.after he _7_, he opened the bigger one of the two boxes. _8_ the box was full of gold. “my god!” he cried. “im _9_ now.” then he thought, “things in the other box must be expensive, too.” he could not wait any longer. he broke his promise and opened the other box. as soon as he opened it, he became an old man. his hair turned white. his face _10_ an old man over eighty years old. it all happened in a moment. he was sorry for what he did, but it was too late.1. a. through b. away c. into d. out2. a. wanting b. asking c. to let d. to invite3. a. left for b. arrived on c. arrived at d. got away4. a. a very big dinner b. a very poor dinnerc. a very bad dinner d. a very small dinner5. a. pleased withb. strict in c. angry with d. sorry for6. a. so b. or c. but d. as7. a. went back to home b. was back homec. went back to the sea d. was back the sea8. a. to his surprising b. to ones surprisingc. to ones surprise d. to his surprise9. a. a poor manb. a rich man c. an old man d. a young man10. a. liked b. felt like c. looked like d. looked本文讲述一个年轻人因救了海龟而受到宴请和酬谢，但这位年轻人又因太贪心而突然变化的故事。对同学们做人很有启发。1. b 根据上下文判断，那些孩子们应该是跑走了。所以应选away。2. d would like 之后应接不定式，年轻人救了海龟的命，海龟应是“邀请年轻人到宫殿去”3. c 到达某个地方应用arrived at。4. a 按照逻辑，海龟国王要感谢他，必然设盛宴招待他。所以应选a big dinner。5. a 海龟国王盛情招待他，所以他对一切都满意 (pleased with对感到满意)。6. c 前后是转折关系，选but。7. b 上段末说他已出海面，所以打开盒子应是回家(went back home) 之后。8. d 由后文“my god!” he cried 可知，应填to his surprise(使他感到惊讶的是)。9. b 他得到了金子，当然应该是a rich man。10.c 由于贪心，他的头发变白了，脸“看起来”像八十多岁的老头。for most people，the word “fashion” means “clothes”. but people may ask the question，“what _1_ are in fashion?” and they use the adjective “fashionable” in the same way: “she was wearing a _2_ coat.” “his shirt was really a fashionable color.”but of course there are fashions _3_ many things，not only in clothes. there are fashions in holidays, in restaurants, in films and books. there are _4_ fashions in school subjects, jobsand in languages. fashions _5_ as time goes. _6_ you look at pictures of people or things from the past, you will see that fashions have always changed. an english house of 1750 was different _7_ one of 1650. a fashionable man in 1780 looked very different from his grandson in 1850.today fashions change very quickly. we hear about things _8_ more quickly than in the past. newspapers, radios, telephones and televisions send information from one country _9_ another in a few hours. new fashions mean that people will _10_ new things, so you see there is money in fashion.1. a. color b. clothesc. foodd. money2. a. nice b. beautifulc. expensived. fashionable3. a. atb. byc. ind. with4. a. evenb. justc. onlyd. already5. a. changeb. changesc. are changedd. changed6. a. whereb. whenc. if d. as7. a. onb. forc. withd. from8. a. very b. muchc. tood. quite9. a. inb. byc. tod. with10. a. buyb. sellc. getd. use 1. b。根据首句“时髦意味着衣服”，很容易推测出要问的是“衣服”。2. d。根据上文“用同样的方法使用形容词 fashionable”，下文自然是含有fashionable的句子。3. c。根据下文中的in holidays，in restaurants等，运用语感感知法立刻就能锁定正确选项。4. a。上句“假期时髦、餐馆时髦”和本句的“学科时髦、工作时髦”之间是进一步说明的关系，因此，要选表示递进关系的副词。这四个副词中只有even表示递进关系。5. a。“时髦随着时间的推移发生变化”，属于客观事实和普遍真理，因此，要用一般现在时。6. c。“看过去的像片或物品”和“看到时髦总是在变化”是条件与结果的关系，因此，本句应选引导条件状语从句的连词。7. d。表示“与不同”，要用固定词组be different from。根据下句中的different from，运用就地发现法，也能立马锁定选项。8. b。从句子结构方面来看，这是一个表示两者进行比较的句型。根据语法规则“修饰比较级时要用程度副词much”，就可以排除其他选项。9. c。此处是指“从一个国家，到另一个国家”。表达这一意思时，要用连词词组from. to.。10. a。根据后半句“明白钱的时髦”，运用科学推理法可知“只有买东西才能知道”，因此，应是“买新东西”。an old man lived in a nice house with a large garden. he took care of his 1 all the time, watering and fertilizing them.one day a young man went by the 2 . he looked at the beautiful flowers, imagining how happy he could be 3 he lived in such a beautiful place. then, suddenly he found the old gardener was 4 . he was very surprised about this and asked, “you cant see these flowers. 5 are you busy taking care of them every day?”the old man smiled and said, “i can tell you four 6 . first, i was a gardener when i was young, and i really like this job. second, 7 i cant see these flowers, i can touch them. 8 , i can smell the sweetness of them. as to the last one, thats 9 .”“me? but you dont know me,” said the young man.“yeah, its 10 that i dont know you. but i know that flowers are angels that everybody 11 . we enjoy the happiness these flowers have brought us.”the blind mans work opened our eyes, and 12 our hearts, which also made his life 13 . it was just like beethoven, who became deaf in his later life and wrote many great musical works. beethoven himself couldnt 14 his wonderful music, but his music has 15 millions of people to face their difficulties bravely. isnt it one kind of happiness?1. a. flowers b. trees c. vegetablesd. grass2. a. balcony b. kitchenc. garden d. study3. a. after b. asc. before d. if4. a. blind b. famous c. smartd. friendly5. a. what b. who c. whyd. which6. a. stories b. reasons c. excuses d. conclusions7. a. although b. since c. because d. unless8. a. first b. second c. thirdd. fourth9. a. me b. you c. my mother d. my son10. a. true b. hard c. coold. fair11. a. greets b. doubts c. meetsd. knows12. a. broke b. hurt c. pleasedd. treated13. a. emptier b. busier c. luckierd. happier14. a. writeb. hear c. play d. believe15. a. changedb. affectedc. discovered d. encouraged1.a。由第2空后面的the beautiful flowers可以推出该空应填flowers。2.c。本文以老人花园里的野花为题材，因此该空应填garden。3.d。该空表示“如果”，因此应填if。4.a。由下文you cant see these flowers.可以推出该空表示“瞎的”，因此应填blind。5.c。由you cant see these flowers.可以推出该空表示“为什么”，因此应填why。6.b。下文介绍老人每天照料花的原因，因此该空应填reasons。7.a。该空表示“尽管”，因此应直although引导让步状语从句。8.c。由上文的first, second可以推出该空表示第三”，因此应填third。9.b。由下文me?可以推出该空应填you。10.a。由语境逻辑可知，老人不认识年轻人是一个事实，因此该空应填true。11.d。花是天使是人人都知道的事实，因此该空应填knows。12.c。老人精心护理花的工作开阔了我们的眼界，愉悦了我们的心。13.d。老人的工作也使自己的生活更愉快。14.b。由第13空后面的deaf可以推出该空表示“听”，因此应填hear。15.d。但是他的音乐已经鼓励了数百万人勇敢地面对困难。点评：本文是一篇情感性记叙文，作者借助一个盲人精心护理花朵原因的叙述，揭示出残疾人通过自己的努力既可以让自己享受到工作的乐趣，又可以给周围的人带来快乐。文章第1空的flowers、第4空的blind、第7空的although、第9空的you、第12空的pleased、第13空的happier、第14空的hear、第15空的encouraged均是直接体现主题的答案，可见读懂情感性记叙文，弄清其教育意义对推断文章未知信息很有好处。my father died when i was a baby, and my mother had to go out to work. i was the only 1 so i had no brothers and sisters to play with at home. i used to play in the street with other children, or ride my bike down to the park, but i remember i 2 a lot of time just sitting at home reading. we had a television, i think, but dont remember 3 it very much.my grandparents lived with us and we used to do a lot of things togetheri remember we played card a lot. at the weekends, my mother always 4 we often went down to the sea and swam, and i 5 to swim when i was quite young.we didnt have a car, so we went everywhere by bus. occasionally (偶尔), one of my uncles used to come and take us out in his car, which was a great 6 . for holidays we always went to the seaside, but never far awaymaybe a short train journey.my mother wasnt very 7 , and i dont remember her ever 8 me. in fact, i used to get my own way too much.i was given small pocket money because we werent very 9 , and i probably spent most of it on sweets, as far as i rememberi dont think anyone thought they were 10 for you then.1. a. child b. father c. friend d. mother2. a. used b. kept c. took d. spent3. a. repairing b. listening to c. watching d. looking at4. a. let me in b. took me out c. told me stories d. went shopping5. a. hated b. learned c. stopped d. forgot6. a. game b. chance c. pain d. pleasure7. a. strict b. kind c. interested d. worried8. a. playing with b. staying with c. beating d. loving9. a. busy b. happy c. rich d. well10. a. good b. bad c. important d. delicious1.a。由下文had no brothers and sisters可以推出作者是家中唯一的孩子，因此该空应填child。2.d。spenddoing sth.，花费时间做某事，与语境逻辑吻合。3.c。由主语和宾语之间的逻辑关系可以推出该空表示“观看（电视）”，因此应填watching。4.b。由下文we often went down to the sea and swam可以推出周末母亲总是带作者出去。5.b。很小的时候我就学会了游泳。6.d。由语境逻辑可以推出生活比较艰苦的时候能坐叔叔的小汽车出去玩对作者来说是一件十分愉快的事情，因此该空应填pleasure。7.a。由下文in fact, i used to get my own way too much.可以推出作者母亲不是很严格，因此该空应填strict。8.c。此处强调作者母亲不是很严格，因此应填beating。9.c。small pocket money暗示该空表示“富有的”，因此应填rich。10.b。be bad for“对有害”，与语境逻辑吻合。点评：本文为情感性记叙文，介绍作者小时候清贫却愉快简单并充实的童年生活，字里行间流露出作者对童年的留念和对小伙伴们及亲人给予自己愉快的感激之情，让人感到亲切自然、真实可信。jack went to a barbers shop and had his hair cut. but when he 1 out, he was not happy 2 the result. when his friend bob saw him, he laughed and said, “what has happened to your hair, jack?”jack said, “i tried a new barbers shop today, 3 i wasnt quite satisfied with my old one, but this one seems 4 worse.”bob agreed, “yes, i think youre right, jack. now ill tell you 5 to do when you go into a barbers shop next time: look at all the barbers hair, find out whose hair looks 6 , and then go straight to him.”“ 7 shall i go to him?” jack asked. “but that would be foolish!”“oh, no, it wouldnt,” answered bob. “who cut that mans hair? just think it. he couldnt cut it 8 , could he? 9 barber cut it. so you know he 10 be the worst barber.”1. a. brought b. came c. looked d. watched2. a. with b. on c. into d. along3. a. so b. when c. and d. because4. a. very b. too c. even d. quite5. a. why b. how c. when d. what6. a. worst b. best c. shortestd. longest7. a. how b. what c. why d. when8. a. herself b. himselfc. yourselfd. myself9. a. other b. others c. anotherd. the other10. a. mustnt b. cant c. must d. can1.b。come out“出去”，符合语境逻辑。2.a。be happy with“对满意”，与语境逻辑吻合。3.d。空档前面强调结果，空档后面强调原因，因此该空应填because，引导原因状语从句。4.c。该空表示“甚至”且修饰比较级形容词，因此应填even。5.d。空格表示“什么”，因此应填what。6.a。由第7空后面的but that would be foolish!可以推出该空表示“最糟糕”，因此应填worst。7.c。该空表示“为什么”，因此应填why。8.b。他自己不会给自己理发，是吗？9.c。该空表示“另一个”，因此应填another。10.b。所以头发看起来最糟糕的理发师不可能是最糟糕的理发师，因为他的头发是别人理的。点评：本文为趣味故事，供人们茶余饭后消遣。它介绍了jack因对原理发师不满而更换理发师后头发被理得更糟糕，这时朋友介绍他去找头发看起来最糟糕的理发师理发，因为他的头发是别人理的，因此这个理发师不可能是最糟糕的。趣味故事能带给人们一些快乐，让人们在紧张工作之后放松一下。中考英语完形填空题经常会考这种短小趣味故事，读懂趣味之处是解题关键。th