高考英语一轮总复习 第一部分 教材知识梳理 Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the stars练习 新人教版必修3.doc

unit 4astronomy:the science of stars(60分钟83分)part a一、阅读理解(共9小题;每小题2分,满分18分)aforget cyclists,pedestrians are real dangerwe are having a debate about this topic.here are some letters from our readers.yes,many cyclists behave dangerously.many drivers are disrespectful of cyclists.but pedestrians are probably the worse offenders.people of all ages happily walk along the pavement with eyes and hands glued to the mobile phone,quite unaware of what is going on around them.they may even do the same thing while crossing a road at a pedestrian crossing or elsewhere.the rest of us have to evade(避让)them or just stand still to wait for the unavoidable collision.the real problem is that some pedestrians seem to be,at least for the moment,in worlds of their own that are,to them,much more important than the welfare of others.michael horani loved the letter from bob brooks about cyclists(viewpoints,may 29).i am afraid they seem to think they own the roads.i was walking across altrincham road one morning when a cyclist went round me and on being asked what he was doing he shouted at me.the government built a cycle lane on the road but it is hardly used.the police do nothing.what a laugh they are!the cyclists should all have to be made to use the cycle lanes and wear helmets,fluorescent(发荧光的)jackets and lights at nights and in the morning.they should pay some sort of tax and be fined for not wearing them.carol harveycyclists jump on and off pavements(which are meant for pedestrians),ride at speed along the pavements,and think they have a special right to go through traffic lights when they are on red.i was almost knocked down recently by a cyclist riding on the pavement when there was a cycle lane right next to him.other road users,including horse riders,manage to obey the rules so why not cyclists?its about time they had to be registered and insured,so when they do hit a pedestrian or a vehicle,or cause an accident,at least they can be traced and there might be an opportunity to claim.jmlwrite to viewpoints of the newspaper.(2015湖南高考)1.michael horan wrote the letter mainly to show that .a.drivers should be polite to cyclistsb.road accidents can actually be avoidedc.some pedestrians are a threat to road safetyd.walking while using phones hurts ones eyes2.carol harvey suggests that cyclists should .a.be provided with enough roadsb.be asked to ride on their own lanesc.be made to pay less tax for cyclingd.be fined for laughing at policemen3.what is a complaint of jml?a.very few drivers are insured.b.cyclists ride fast on pavements.c.pedestrians go through red traffic lights.d.horse riders disrespect other road users.4.the underlined word “they” in the third letter refers to .a.accidentsb.vehiclesc.pedestriansd.cyclists5.the three letters present viewpoints on .a.real sources of road dangersb.ways to improve road facilitiesc.measures to punish road offencesd.increased awareness of road rules【文章大意】随着交通的发达,越来越多的车辆给行人和骑车者带来安全隐患,与此同时,行人和骑车人的一些不良行为也是造成交通事故的潜在原因。在本文中,读者们就行人和骑车人出行的一些不良行为进行了吐槽。1.c推理判断题。根据michael horan写的信中的第二、三段可知他写信是为了说明行人的不良行为给交通带来的危险,故选c项。2.b细节理解题。根据carol harvey写的信中最后一段的首句可知,他建议骑车者应该受到限制,只走自行车专用道,故选b项。3.b细节理解题。根据jml写的信中的第一段可知他主要抱怨的是自行车骑车者在人行道上车速太快,故选b项。4.d代词指代题。根据jml信中的内容可知他主要抱怨的是自行车骑车者,故此处的they就是指“骑车者”。故选d项。5.a推理判断题。通读三封书信可知,三个读者讨论的都是影响道路的危险因素,故选a项。ban ambitious project to establish a human colony on mars has attracted applications from tens of thousands of would-be astronauts,just two weeks after applications opened.the mission,a private venture by the dutch non-profit organization,mars one,aims to send a crew to the red planet in 2022and,due to the physiological change in the human body after a stay on mars,thered be no coming back.that hasnt deterred people,though,so far,over 200,000 people have applied to become one of mars first immigrants.“this is turning out to be the most desired job in history,” says bas lansdorp,co-founder of mars one.day-to-day life on mars will be no picnic.the organization says that the daily routine on the planet would involve construction work on the colony (installing greenhouses,for example),maintenance of the settlements systems and research into mars climate and geological historyall in an inhospitable environment with unbreathable air and an average temperature in the planets mid-latitudes of around -58 .but mars one says it is not looking for applicants with specific skills,such as a science degree,which might be useful during an interplanetary posting.instead,they are looking for people who “have a deep sense of purpose,willingness to build and maintain healthy relationships,the capacity for self-reflection and ability to trust.” they also want volunteers who are “resilient,adaptable,curious,creative and resourceful.” candidates will receive a minimum of eight years training before leaving earth,the company says.in addition to people skills,successful applicants must be good fundraisers too:mars one plans to raise much of the missions $6 billion estimated cost through a reality tv show following the applicants as they undergo preparations for the one-way trip to mars.1.according to the passage,we cant know about mars that .a.there is no human beings living on it nowb.there is no air on itc.the mid-latitudes average temperature is lower than that on the earthd.it will lead to physiological change for human beings living on it2.the applicants will on mars.a.live in coldb.get a desired jobc.do some researchd.get a large amount of money3.the applicants are not necessary to .a.have a science degreeb.have people skillsc.be good fundraisersd.have a deep sense of purpose4.the underlined word “deterred” in paragraph 2 means .a.preventedb.scaredc.explained tod.informed【文章大意】本文为说明文,主要介绍了一项人类移民火星计划。1.b推理判断题。根据第三段中的“all in an inhospitable environment with unbreathable air”可知,火星上没有适合人呼吸的空气,但这并不是说火星上没有空气,因此b项不符合文意。2.c细节理解题。根据第三段中的“research into mars climate and geological history”可知,他们将研究火星的气候和地质历史,即进行研究工作,故选c项。3.a细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“it is not looking for applicants with specific skills,such as a science degree”可知,申请者不需要有科学学位。4.a词义推测题。此句中的主语that是指上句提到的“due to the physiological change in the human body after a stay on mars,thered be no coming back”,即这是一次有去无回的旅程,然而下文却说已有超过20万人申请移民火星,故可推断deter意为“阻止”。二、语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)two weeks before christmas,two little girls were walking down the street 1. they saw old harry,who was on his knees pulling weeds from around a tree.he wore a pair of worn gloves.his fingers were sticking out of the ends,blue from the cold.they stopped 2.(talk) to him.harry told them he 3.(get) the yard in shape as a christmas gift for his mother,who had died several years before.“my mother was all i had.she loved her yard and trees,so i do this for her every christmas.”his words touched the girls and soon they joined him,4.(pull) weeds.when they finished,harry pressed a coin into each of their hands.“i wish i could pay you more,but thats all ive got right now,”he said.the girls had often passed his house,and they remembered that it had always been 5. poor condition.no decorations to add cheeriness were anywhere in sight.as they walked on,the coin in one little girls hand seemed to burn a hole of 6(guilty).the next day she called her friends.and they agreed to put their coins in a jar 7.(mark) “harrys christmas gift”.then they began to seek out small jobs to earn more.every coin they earned went into the jar.finally,they had enough money 8.(buy) new gloves.christmas eve found them on harrys doorstep singing carols.they presented him with the gloves.with 9.(tremble) hands,he held the gloves to his face and wept.no doubt he once again felt 10. love of others as the girls reached out to him.(2015郑州二模)1.when。be doing sth.when.为固定句型,意为“正在做某事,这时”。2.to talk。stop to do sth.意为“停下来去做某事”。3.was getting。harry说话时正在修整院子,联系全文的主体时态可知,应用过去进行时。4.pulling。此处意为“两个小女孩和他一起拔草”。用现在分词作伴随状语。5.in。in poor condition为固定搭配,意为“状态不好”。6.guilt。介词of后需用名词作宾语。7.marked。jar和mark之间是被动关系,罐子是被做记号,故填marked。8.to buy。此处用动词不定式作结果状语。9.trembling。hands与tremble是主动关系,因此用现在分词作前置定语。10.the。love有of others 修饰,前面应用定冠词表示特指。part b一、完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分)it was a freezing cold evening in northern virginia many years ago.an old man was waiting for a 1 across the river.at last he heard some hooves 2 along the frozen path.anxiously,he watched as several horsemen came around the bend.3,he let them pass by one after another.finally,as the 4 rider was drawing near,the old man 5 the riders eye and asked whether he would 6 giving him a ride to the other side.the rider agreed 7.seeing the old man was unable to 8 his half-frozen body from the ground,the horseman 9 and helped the old man 10 the horse.the horseman took the old man not just across the river,but to his 11,a tiny but cozy cottage.before leaving,out of 12,the horseman asked the old man why on such a bitter winter night he would wait and ask the last rider and 13 he had refused.the old man replied,“i looked into the eyes of the other riders and immediately saw there was no 14 for my situation.but when i looked into your eyes,i was certain that your gentle spirit would give me 15 in my time of need.” those 16 comments touched the horseman deeply,who 17 the old man,“may i never get too busy with my own affairs that i 18 to respond to the needs of others with kindness and compassion.” 19 these words,thomas jefferson,president of the united states,turned his horse around and 20 his way back to the white house.(2015太原五中二模)1.a.horsemanb.horsec.rided.friend2.a.attacking b.runningc.entering d.approaching3.a.however b.thereforec.thus d.moreover4.a.comingb.leavingc.nextd.last5.a.keptb.caughtc.looked d.saw6.a.mind b.avoidc.prefer d.try7.a.seriously b.doubtfullyc.willinglyd.strangely8.a.lift b.pushc.feeld.stand9.a.went offb.turned aroundc.set out d.got down10.a.ontob.overc.off d.above11.a.hometown b.apartmentc.destinationd.village12.a.courageb.curiosityc.enthusiasmd.honesty13.a.what aboutb.if onlyc.how comed.what if14.a.chanceb.doubtc.concernd.reason15.a.strengthb.comfortc.generosity d.assistance16.a.heartwarming b.impressivec.pessimisticd.optimistic17.a.persuadedb.toldc.reminded d.suggested18.a.manage b.failc.disagreed.remember19.a.inb.onc.with d.at20.a.madeb.struggledc.feltd.fought【文章大意】一位在寒风中等待他人援助的老人,在一个骑马者的帮助下回到家中,而这位骑马者则是美国总统托马斯杰弗逊。本文旨在告诉人们:不管我们有多忙,都不应该忽视那些需要帮助的人。1.c根据下文中的“giving him a ride”可知,这位老人在等候他人帮助自己过河。ride意为“搭乘”。2.d老人听见冰冻的路面上传来渐渐接近的(approaching)马蹄声。a项意为“攻击”;b项意为“跑步”;c项意为“进入”;d项意为“接近”。3.a他焦急地看着几个骑马的人经过。但是他没有拦住任何一个。4.d根据下文“ask the last rider and 13 he had refused”可知,此处是指最后一个骑马的人。5.b老人望着骑马人的眼睛,询问他是否介意帮助自己过河。catch ones eye“和某人目光相遇”,为固定搭配。6.a见上题解析。a项意为“介意”;b项意为“避免”;c项意为“更喜欢”;d项意为“尝试”。7.c根据下文“the horseman took the old man not just across the river,but to.”可知,骑马者很乐意帮助这个老人。a项意为“严肃地”;b项意为“怀疑地”;c项意为“乐意地”;d项意为“奇怪地”。8.a由于寒冷,老人冻得无法翻身上马。lift意为“挪动,抬起”。9.d联系上下文可知,此处指“骑马者下马”。a项意为“爆炸”;b项意为“转身”;c项意为“动身”;d项意为“下来”。10.a这里指“把老人扶上马”。onto“到之上”,符合语境。11.c根据“a tiny but cozy cottage”可知,骑马者把老人送到了目的地。a项意为“家乡”;b项意为“公寓”;c项意为“目的地”;d项意为“村庄”。12.b由空后的“the horseman asked the old man why”可知,骑马者是“好奇”的。固定搭配out of curiosity,意为“出于好奇”。13.d由ask及空后的“he had refused”可知,此处是指“骑马者询问老人,要是自己当时拒绝了,他会怎么办呢?”a项意为“怎样”;b项意为“要是该多好”;c项意为“怎么回事”;d项意为“要是该怎么办”。14.c老人认为从其他骑马者的眼中看不到对自己的关心。a项意为“机会”;b项意为“怀疑”;c项意为“关心”;d项意为“原因”。15.d当老人看向最后一位骑马者的眼睛时,他感觉到他肯定会帮助自己。a项意为“力量”;b项意为“安慰”;c项意为“慷慨”;d项意为“援助”。16.a由空后的“touched the horseman deeply”可知,骑马者深受感动,故老人的话是“温暖人心的”(heartwarming)。b项意为“令人印象深刻的”;c项意为“悲观的”;d项意为“乐观的”。17.b根据后面的话语可知,该处是骑马者对老人说的话。18.b骑马者希望今后自己不因工作的繁忙而忽略那些需要帮助的人。19.cwith these words意为“说完这些话”。20.amake ones way to意为“前往”。二、七选五阅读填空(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)1 we are learning from life constantly,as long as we recognize and accept those lessons.when you choose to be a student of life,you open yourself to limitless opportunities.explore the world.dont limit yourself to your hometown or to the city you got your first job.2 it doesnt have to be just one town or one apartment complex.backpacking may not be for everyone,but its the only way you can see the world.traveling doesnt just have to be going overseas but also dropping by many states.culture exists not just in a country but even in small communities.acquire new life skills.maybe its time that you finally learn how to fix a broken faucet or even fix the faulty light in your bathroom.you can finally cross out your bucket list items that have been there forever.learn how to drive a car or ride a bike.there are definitely things you dont know how to do,and you have a lifetime ahead of you to learn.3be cultured.watch as many movies and read as many books as possible.and it doesnt mean that you only watch the ones with high ratings from critics.books and movies are the fruit of the writers or the makers life experiences and understanding of their surroundings.movies and books are a good look into how people interpret the world.4 for some individuals,to grow older means to keep your circle of friends down to a few,but that shouldnt stop you from meeting new people.widen your circle by allowing people into your life and letting them get to know you.widening your circle to people from all walks of life gives you a bigger and better perspective of the world.do many firsts.when was the last time you did something for the first time?5 it can be as simple as watching a movie alone or as big as trying bungee jumping.doing something for the first time doesnt need to have a life-changing effect.it can be a simple realization that apparently,going to a film screening by yourself isnt so bad.so,there are so much more to learn,especially now that were virtually connected to everyone in the world.as a student of life,its really up to you to use all your resources and make it into something enriching.(2015吉林长春外国语学校期中考试)a.widen your circle.b.entertain yourself.c.lessons are not limited to our academic studies.d.its never too late to start learning something new.e.you dont always need a deep understanding for everything you do.f.go beyond the place you consider home,because home can be many places.g.if you cant think of the answer,maybe you need to go out and try something new.【文章大意】本文为说明文,介绍了从生活中学会成长的五种方式。1.c根据本段第二句“我们总能不断地从生活中学到东西”和最后一句“当你选择做生活的学徒时,你便给自己创造了无限机遇”可知,c项“课堂并不局限于校园学习”与文意相符。2.f由第二段提到的表示地点的词汇town,apartment complex,the world