高考英语 易错点点睛与高考突破 专题09 名词性从句.doc

2013年高考英语 易错点点睛与高考突破 专题10 副词性从句【2012高考预测】1.名词性从句中连接词的正确选用2.that引导的宾语从句，wh-引导的宾语从句以及某些特殊词后所跟的宾语从句 3.that和wh-引导的主语从句及形式主语的几种主要句型4.获that、wh-疑问词引导的表语从句及从属连词引导的表语从句、同位语从句5.名词性从句中，从句部分的语序要用陈述语序，不能用凝问语序6.that引导同位语从句与定语从句的区别 7.whether和if在名词性从句中的用法区别【难点突破】一、各类名词性从句的区别1who/whoever, what/whatever等的用法区别：一般说来，在名词性从句中what/who虽然不表示疑问的语气，但是所陈述的内容却是未知的，含特指意义，而whatever/whoever等含泛指意义，意为“无论什么，无论谁”，并且表达的语气很强烈。2whether/if的用法区别：whether和if在宾语从句中可以互换，但是作某些介词的宾语时连接词一般用whether；whether可与or not/or连用，用来引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句等，也可与动词不定式连用；if不能与动词不定式连用。3“疑问词ever”和“no matter疑问词”的区别；“疑问词ever”可引导名词性从句，在从句中充当一定的成分；还可引导让步状语从句；“no matter疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句，不能用于名词性从句中。二、要注意名词性从句和定语从句、状语从句的不同三、解决名词性从句的相关题目的步骤1名词性从句可以充当主语、宾语、表语和同位语，要分清句子结构，然后再确认试题考查的名词性从句的所属类型。2正确选择连接词。一般说来，引导名词性从句的连接词包括连接代词和连接副词，其中代词在从句中起名词的作用，作主语、宾语或表语；而副词则充当状语，表示时间、方式、原因等。例1、(2012辽宁卷)the newcomer went to the library the other day and searched for _he could find about mark twain.awherever bhowever cwhatever dwhichever【特别提醒】whatever在名词性从句中whatever语气强，一般相当于what，可被其代替。he will do what/whatever he can to help us.两者均可，whatever最佳。例3、(2012福建卷)we promise _attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.awho bwhom cwhoever dwhomever答案cwhoever在宾语从句中作主语，promise sb sth结构。例4、the prize will be given to _performs best.awho bwhom cwhoever dwhomever答案cwhoever在宾语从句中作主语，whoeveranyone who。,【特别提醒】whoever/whomeverwho/whomwhoever/whomever名词性从句表示“的人”；who/whom名词性从句表示“谁”一件事。例5. (2012陕西卷)as many as five courses are provided, and you are free to choose _suits you best.awhatever bwhichever cwhenever dwherever【特别提醒】whatever/whicheverwhati dont know what color she likes.which在名词性从句中作定语whichn./pron.(单数)有范围so many books here, i dont know which one i should take.例7、(2009陕西卷)the howto book can be of help to _wants to do the job.awho bwhomevercno matter who dwhoever答案d此处考查宾语从句，whoever在从句中作主语。【特别提醒】wheverwho/whom/whoever/whomever除外鉴别办法：截枝法将从句去除，若主句主干结构即主谓(宾)/主系表完整，则考查状语从句(定语从句无whever引导词，同位语从句whever从未考查)；若主句结构不完整，则考查名词性从句。例8、(2011江西卷)why dont you bring _to his attention that youre too ill to work on?【特别提醒】常见句型1.2sb/sthv.it形式宾语 adj./n.例11、(2012重庆卷)evidence has been found through years of study _childrens early sleeping problems are likely to continue when then grow up.awhy bhow cwhether dthat【特别提醒】同位语从句后移现象1同位语从句为了句子结构平衡，从主句谓语之前移至主句谓语之后。2定语从句后移现象与之极为类似，只是从句性质不同，详见定语从句热点13。例13、someone is ringing the doorbell.go and see _awho is he bwho he iscwho is it dwho it is答案d考查宾语从句语序和it指代人的用法。例14、he looks upset but i dont know _with him.awhat is the matter bwhat the matter iscwhat the matter was dwhat was matter答案a考查从句语序。what is the matter为主系表结构。例15、i wonder _i met him before!awhere was it bwhere was it thatcwhere it was dwhere it was that答案d考查从句语序。在从句中须用陈述语序。,【特别提醒】1虽然所有从句(省略、倒装特殊句式除外)都须是陈述语序，但涉及从句语序问题，大多考查名词性从句，尤其宾语从句。2近年来强调句型和名词性从句结合考查语序比较常见。例16、(2012天津卷)it doesnt matter _you turn right or left at the crossingboth roads lead to the park.awhether bhow cif dwhen例18、(2012安徽卷)the limits of a persons intelligence, generally speaking, are fixed at birth, but _he reaches these limits will depend on his environment.a where bwhether cthat dwhy答案b句意：一个人的智力极限，通常来说，出生时就已经定型了。但他是否能够达到这些极限取决于他所处的环境。根据depend on可知，主语从句含有不确定因素，可排除c。where表示地点，why表示原因，用于此处不合适，而使用whether表示“是否”，与题意吻合。例19、(2010浙江卷)it is uncertain _side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it.athat bwhat chow dwhether【特别提醒】whetherif4种名词性从句宾语从句(有限制)whether to doif to dowhether从句可作介词宾语if从句不作介词宾语i dont know whether or not he will come.i dont know whether he will come or not.i dont know if or not he will come.i dont know if he will come or not.【易错点点睛】易错点点睛 1 名词性从句中连接词的正确选用1 、mary wrote an article on _ the team had failed to win the game. a. why b. wtat c. who d. that【错误解答】 b或d【错解分析】 许多考生都误以为what在本题中充当 failed的宾语，或认为空格后不缺成分，故选b或d。实际上就本题而言，不难看出句意为“玛丽写了一篇关于队伍为何在比赛中失败的文章”，所以应该选用强调原因的why。【正确解答】 a2 、a computer can only do _ you have instructed it to do.a. how b. after c. what d. when4. his ability has never been in doubtthe question is he is prepared to work hard.a. whether b. if c. that d. where【错误解答】 b【错解分析】 很多同学对whether和if的用法一知半解，尽管二者都有“是否”的意思，但在主语、表语或同位语从句中只能用whether，不能用if。【正确解答】 a5. he cant answer the question hegot the money. a. what b. that c. how d. where【错误解答】 b【错解分析】 许多考生知道这是一个同位语从句，在定性思维中认为同位语从句用出at引导，事实上同位语从句也可用when，where，why等来引导，不一定只用that.【正确解答】 c【特别提醒】1.that引导名词性从句时，在从句中无意义，不作成分，只起到连接作用，在宾语从句中可省略。 he told me (that) he would leave soon.2.what与出at在名词性从句中的区别。right:what he said was true.这是一个主语从句，what在从句中作动词said的宾词，意思是:“话”或“事”，此句中不能用that。that he came late made the teacher angry.这个句子还是主语从句。从句中意思完整，所以用that来引导，起到一个标志作用。【变式探究】1 i try to understand _ prevents them from being as happy as one might expect although they are so rich. a. that b. what c. it d. whether答案: b解析:what引导宾语从句。2 although mary is happy with her success she wonders _ will happen to her private life.a. that b. this c. it d. what答案: d解析:what引导宾语从句。3 the dealer told me how much he was prepared to pay for my car and _ i could have the money without delay. a. what b. that c.不填 d. whether 答案: b解析:what只起连结词作用，本身无义。i have found out _ they will ask to lead the vic- tory march on saturday.a. when b. where c. whom d. what 答案: c解析:whom引导一个宾语从句，在宾语从句中又作ask的宾语。5 it was not until dark he found he thought was the correct way to solve the problem.a. that; what b. that; that c. when; that d. when; that答案: a解析:这是一个带有宾语从句的加强调句型。主句是notuntil句型。 易错点点睛 2 that引导的宾语从句，wh-引导的宾语从句以及某些特殊词后所跟的宾语从句1. as soon as he comes back, i will tell him when and see him.a. you will come b. will you come c. you come d. do you come3. the leaders of the battle ordered all of us the work on time.a. if;finished b. that;finish c. whether; finished d. what; finished 【错误解答】 a或c【错解分析】 许多考生认为a、c答案均讲得通，即“任务是否要以接时完成”，但本题由于受ordered这个词的限制，应该选b。其中finish为should finish的省略形式。【正确解答】 b4. most of the university students are confident _ they can get a good job with higher pay. a. whether b. that c. where d. when 【特别提醒】1.出at引导的宾语从句出at常用来引导宾语从句，通常that可以省略。 he has told me that he will go to shanghaitomorrow他已经告诉我他明天要去上海。注意：在demand，order，suggest，decide等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后,hat从句 常用“(should)+动词原形”的结构。2.wh-引导的宾语从句i want to know what he has told you我想知道他告诉了你什么。3.形容词后所跟的宾语从句某些动态形容词(afraid，confident，aware，certain，sure，doubtful等)在句中做表语时，后面可跟宾语从句。 例句:i am confident that i can get the job我有信心我可以得到这份工作。【变式探究】1 we cant figure out _ quite a number of insects, birds, and animals are dying out. a.that b. as c. why d. when 3 mr smith suggested that all of the students _ their exercise books.a. handed in b. should hand in c. handing in d. that hand in答案: b解析:尽管动词suggest用了过去式，但suggest后若跟宾语从句，则从句部分应用shoulddo结构。易错点点睛 3 that和wh-引导的主语从句及形式主语的几种主要句型1. after yany liwei succeeded in circling the earth, our astronauts desire to do is walk in space.a. where b. what c. that d. how【错误解答】 c或d【错解分析】 本题考查主语从句。首先排除c，因为该主语从句缺成分，而that不充当任何成分的。where和 how只能充当状语成分，而本句缺少do的宾语，因此应选b.【正确解答】 b3. it is a shame _ we lost that expensive car. a. that b. when c. as d. if【错误解答】 b或d【错解分析】 很多考生不知道it在本句中作形式主语。本句实际上是it iswas a+名词+that结构。【正确解答】 a【特别提醒】(1)that引导的主语从句that引导的主语从句既可以放在句首也可以放在句末，在实际应用中常常采用it形式主语形式。 that he passed the english test is true. it is true that he passed the english test. (2)形式主语的四个主要句型 it + be + 名词 + that从句 it is a pity that.可惜的是，用于此句型的名词还有factshamehonorquestion等。 it + be + 形容词 + that从句 it is certain that.很肯定，可用于此句型的形容词还有clearbetternaturalimportantneeessary.it + be + 动词的过去分词 + that从句it is said that.据说，可用于此句型的过去分词还有believedknownreported等。 it + 不及物动词 + that从句如: it seems that.好像是似乎可用于此句型的不及物动词还有happen，appear等。【变式探究】1 _ there is life on another planet is almost impossible.a. how b. that c. why d. whether答案: b解析:that引导主语从句。2 _ in the newspaper that the japanese minister will arrive next week.a. it says b. it is said c. it has said d. he is said答案: b解析:构成hiswas十过去分词+that结构。3 _ is still a secret when the president will make a public speech.a. that b. he c. what d. it答案: d解析:it充当形式主语，when引导主语从句。易错点点睛 4 由that、wh-疑问词引导的表语从句及从属连词引导的表语从句、同位语从句1. a stroy goes _ elizabeth i of england liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court.a. when b. where c. what d. that2.are you still thinking about yesterdays game? oh, thats _a. what makes me feel excitedb. whatever feels me aboutc. how i feel about itd. when i feel excited4. the question he asked was _ the electrical equipment should be stored.a. what b. which c. where d. because【特别提醒】1.that引导的表语从句基本结构:主语 + 系动词 + that从句例句:the fact is that we have lost the game.2.wh-疑问词引导的表语从句that is why i tell you the news.那就是我为什么告诉你这个消息的原因。3.从属连词as if,boecause,just as等引导的表语从句it is because i have ever heard of the story.那是因为我曾经听说过这个故事。4.同位语从句同位语从句通常由that引导，可用于同位语从句的名词有advice，demand，doubt，fact，hope，idea， information，message，news，order，problem，promise， question，repuest，suggestion，truth，wish，word等。【变式探究】1 the reason she gave for not being present was _ the heavy snow prevented her coming.a. /; because b. why; becausec. /; that d. why; whether4 what she wants to know is dress she should buy.a. that b. what c. which d. why答案: c解析:本题考查表语从句用法，从句意看，应该是表选择关系，即“想买哪件衣服”。5 he asked the question _ this material can stand high temperature.a. what b. why c. whether d. when2 we all agree with him on _ he said.a. what b. that c. why d. how答案: a解析:置于介词后的宾语从句一般不用that引导。本句充当said的宾语，故用what。5 im sorry _ your mother is iii.a. whom b. if c. that d. how答案: c解析:主语+be+形容词+that.结构。6 we think it important _ we should keep the balance of nature.a. whether b. what c. that d. which答案: b解析:that引导宾语从句后置，it为形式宾语。10 things were not _ they seemed to be. a. what b. because c. that d. where答案: a解析:what引导表语从句。11 when a pencil is partly in a glass of water,it looks as ifit a. breaks b. has brokenc. were broken d. had been broken答案: c解析:在as if引导的表语从句中，谓动词有时，可用虚拟语气，如本题中“铅笔似乎断了”实际上未断。12 the reason i plan to go is _ if i dont.a. because she will be disappointedb. that she will be disappointedc. because she will be disappointedd. on account of she will have a disappointed答案: b解析:that引导表语从句15 it worried her a bit _ her hair was tunrning grey.a. while b. that c. if d. for答案: b解析:it是形式主语，that用来引导真正的主语，此时不可省略。16 is known to all that wto stands for world trade organization.a. which b. what c. as d. it答案: d解析:it充当形式主语。17 the fact she works hard is well known to us.a. that b. what c. why d. which答案: a解析:同位语从句。18 the mountain is no longer _ it used to be.a. which b. that c. as d. what21 i know nothing about her except _ she is from canada.a. how b. when c. that d. why答案: c解析:that作介词宾语从句。22 what a pity_ is _you didnt arrive by daylight.a. there; because b. it; that c. he ;when d. that; for答案: b解析:it充当形式主语，此句结构可还原成:it is a pity that.23 _ we can? t get seems better than _ we have.a. what; what b. what; thatc. that; that d. that; what答案: a解析:前一个what引导主语从句，且作get的宾语，后一个what作have的宾语。24 its not yet clear _ of those will be chosen to do the job.a. that b. whom c. which d. whose答案: c解析:which表选择关系，引导主语从句，让为形式主语。28 _ is still a secret when the president will make a public speech.a. that b. he c. what d. it答案: d解析:it充当形式主语。29 it worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey.a. while b. that c. if d. whether答案: b解析:that引导主语从句，it此时为形式主语。30 _ breaks the law should be punished.a. no matter who b. whoever c. all d. who答案: b解析:whoever引导主语从句，no matter who虽语 意相同，但不能引导主语从句。31 _ is to practise using english often. a. that you should do b. which you should doc. what you should do d. whatever you do34 she dresses well,but the trouble is _ the clothes she is wearing dont go with each other very well.a. even if b. whether c. that d. if答案: c解析:that引导表语从句。35 the suggestion _ students should learn some practical english is worth considering.a. if b. which c. / d. that答案: d解析:同位语从句。36 _ they dont like us is very clear.a. what b. that c. which d. where答案: b解析:that引导主语从句，可省，因为主语成分齐全。37 _ yonve all had a wonderful vacation.a. it would be good that b. it is good thatc. it was good that d. it will be good that答案: b解析:it iswas + 形容词 + that结构。41 i dont doubt he will come.a. that b. if c. what d. whether答案: a解析:doubt前有否定词时，只能用that引导。42 its not clear he did it.a. who b. which c. whom d. why答案: a解析:why引导主语从句。43 i missed a word here in the sentence. well, thats _ you were mistaken.a. when b. what c. where d. why46 never take _ for granted that i will help you.a. that b. it c. which d. that48 lei feng was always thinking of _ he could help others.a. that b. how c. when d. which答案: b解析:how表方式，即“如何帮助别人”。49 the green typewriter is mine.do you know whose typewriter ?a. is this blue one b. this blue one c. is this blue d. this blue one is.完型填空 one afternoon i was sitting at my favorite table in a restaurant, waiting for the food i had ordered to arrive. suddenly i 51 that a man sitting at a table near the window kept glancing in my direction, 52 he knew me. the man had a newspaper 53 in front of him, which he was 54 to read,but i could 55 that he was keeping an eye on me. when the waiter brought my 56 the man was clearly puzzled(困惑) by the 57 way in which the waiter and i 58 each other. he seened even more puzzled as 59 went on and it became 60 that all the waiters in the restaurant knew me. finally he got.up and went into the 61 . when he came out,he paid his bill and 62 without another glance in my direction. i called the owner of the restaurant and asked what the man had 63 . “well,”he said, “that man ws a detective (侦探). he 64 you here because he though you were the man he 65 ”. “what?”i said,showing my 66 . the owner continued, “he came into the kitchen and showed me a photo of the wanted man. i 67 say he looked very much like you ! of course, since we know you, we told him that he had madea 68 .” “well,its really 6