定语从句讲解PPT最全.ppt

定语从句高考考点例析Thebestwayyoucanget TheAttributiveClause Complexsentence复合句 由连词连接两个或多个主谓结构的句子 其中一个主谓结构是句子的主要部分 主句 另一个或一个以上的主谓结构只在句子中作某个成分 如主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 同位语 复合句 主句 定语从句 一个主谓结构是句子的主要部分 主句 另一个或一个以上的主谓结构只在句子中作某个成分 定语 Thestudents whodonotstudyhard willnotpasstheexam 主句主语 从句主语 从句谓语结构 主句谓语结构 在句子中作定语 修饰名词或代词的从句 这种从句由关系代词或关系副词引导 并作句子成分 定语从句还叫做嵌入句 因形容词定语 所以又称之为形容词性从句 Attributiveclause 定语从句的位置 通常在先行词 在主句中 后 语法讲解定语从句 theattributiveclause 被定语从句限定的词是 引导定语从句的词叫做 或 关系代词和关系副词有三大作用 即连接 连接定语从句和主句 替代 替代前面的先行词 成分 在定语从句中要充当一定的句子成分 在复合句中 充当 用的从句是定语从句 先行词 关系代词 关系副词 形容词 TheboywhoisreadingisTom 先行词 关系代词 Hospitalisaplacewhereadoctorworks 先行词 关系副词 先行词和关系词的关系 1 Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly 2 TheboywhobrokethewindowiscalledTom 3 Theboywhoseparentsaredeadwasbroughtupbyhisgrandfather 4 TheschoolwhereIstudyisfarfrommyhome themachine that theboy who theboy s whose intheschool where 关系代词实际上是先行词的复指 关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格 关系副词实际上是介词 先行词 Jointhefollowingsentences Aplaneisamachine Themachinecanfly Aplaneiscanfly 关系代词的实质 themachine amachine that which Revision1relativepronoun who whom which that whose relativeadverb when where why time place reason 时间状语 地点状语 原因状语 一 关系代词的基本用法和注意点 1 关系代词的基本用法 三 1 关系代词的基本用法 who指人 在定语从句中作主语或宾语 作宾语时 可省略 Theman who Italkedwithisourteacher Apersonwhostealsthingsiscalledathief whom指人 在定语从句中作宾语 可省略 Theman whom InoddedtoisMr Li who whom which指物 在定语从句中作主语或宾语 作宾语时 可省略 Thesearethetreeswhichwereplantedlastyear Thisrecorder which heisusingismadeinJapan which Heistheman that Itoldyouabout that指人或物 在定语从句中作主语或宾语 作宾语时 可省略 Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly that whose指人或物 在定语从句中作定语 不可省略 Weliveinahousewhosewindowsfacesouth Thisisthelittlegirlwhoseparentswerekilledinthegreatearthquake whose 2 关系代词的用法注意点that和which的选择 1 that指物时一般可以与which互换 但在下列情况引导词只用that 不用which 当先行词为all much little few none something anything everything nothing等不定代词时 如 a Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone b Iamsureshehassomething that youcanborrow c Thereislittle that theenemycandobesidessurrender 先行词被all every no some any little much修饰时 I vereadallthebooks that yougaveme that和which的选择 先行词是序数词或形容词最高级修饰时 Thisisthebestbook that I veeverread Thisisthefirstcomposition that hehaswritteninEnglish 先行词被theonly thevery thelast修饰时 Thatwhitefloweristheonlyone that Ireallylike Thisistheverybook that Iwanttofind 当有两个或两个以上分别表示人和物的先行词时 这个定语从句要用that而不用who whom 和which引导 如 Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschools that hehadvisited 先行词是疑问词who which what时 定语从句用that而不用who whom 和which引导 that和which的选择 Whoisthepersonthatisstandingatthegate Whichofusthatknowssomethingaboutphysicsdoesnotknowthis Whatthatisonthetablebelongstome 当关系代词在从句中作表语时 Maryisnolongerthegirl that sheusedtobe Chinaisnolongerthecountrythatitusedtobe Which可以引导非限定性定语从句 可用于介词后 其先行词可是一个词 也可是整个主句或主句的某一部分 1Sheheardaterriblenoise broughtherheartintohermouth A itB whichC thisD that2 Theweatherturnedouttobegood wasmorethanwecouldexpect A whatB whichC thatD it that和which的选择 2 只用which的情况 B B 3 whose引导的定语从句注意点 whose引导定语从句 其后应紧跟名词 构成名词短语 whose与它所修饰的名词一起可以作介词的宾语 如 Thebossinwhosedepartmentheworkedhadheardthenews 他工作所在部门的老板已经听说了这个消息 3 whose引导的定语从句注意点 whose的先行词指物时 可用ofwhich代替 但语序不同 即whose 名词 the 名词 ofwhich 或 ofwhich the 名词 如 Thenovelwhosetitle thetitleofwhich或ofwhichthetitle isRedandBlackisveryinteresting whose引导的定语从句 其先行词既可以指人也可以指物 whose的先行词指人时 可用ofwhom代替 但语序不同 即whose 名词 the 名词 ofwhom 或 ofwhom the 名词 如 Theboywhosemother themotherofwhom或ofwhomthemother isadoctorismyfriend 二 关系副词when where和why的用法 五 关系副词的基本用法 用关系副词when时 先行词指时间 when在定语从句中作时间状语 when可换成 介词 关系代词 如 Istillrememberthedaywhen onwhich IfirstcametoNanjing Myfatherwasbornintheyearwhen inwhich WorldWar brokeout 1 when 1 when 用关系副词where时 先行词指地点 where在定语从句中作地点状语 where可换成 介词 关系代词 如 Thisisthefarmwhere onwhich weworkedwhenwewereyoung Theschoolwhere inwhich hismotherteachesisinthewestofthecity 2 where 2 where 用关系副词why时 先行词指原因 why在定语从句中作原因状语 why可换成 介词 关系代词 如 Thereareseveralreasonswhy forwhich theboysshouldbepunished Tomcouldn tgivetheteacherthereasonwhy forwhich hewaslateforschool 3 why 3 why 4 关系副词的用法注意点 1 当先行词为time 表示 次数 时 应用关系词that或省略 如 Thisisthefirsttime that thepresidenthasvisitedthecountry 2 当point situation position case stage等词作先行词表示 情况 境地 场合 等意思时 其后常由where引导定语从句 where在句中作状语 如 Canyouthinkofasituationwherethisphrasecanbeused 4 关系副词的用法注意点 巩固练习 用适当的关系词填空 1 October1 1949wastheday Chinawasfounded 2 Beijingistheplace Icame 3 Isthisthereason hedidn twanttoseeme when onwhich where fromwhich why forwhich 巩固练习 用适当的关系词填空 4 Isthistheroom wewerelivinglastwinter 5 Thedaysaregone weused foreignoil 6 Yesterday wehadameeting wediscussedmanyproblems where inwhich when duringwhich atwhich where 对比练习 用适当的关系词填空 1 Theroom heoncelivedisstillthere Theroom Ihavetocleaneverydaybelongstomymother where inwhich that which 对比练习 用适当的关系词填空 2 Iwillneverforgettheday Imetyou Iwillneverforgettheday wespenttogether when onwhich that which Thereason Idon tknowisknowntohim that which why forwhich 3 Thereason Idon tknowthethingisthatIwasnotthereatthattime 考点一 如何判定用关系代词还是用关系副词 1 找出定语从句中是否主语和宾语都齐全 如齐全用关系副词 用什么关系副词看先行词 Iwillneverforgetthedays Istayedwithyou when JurassicParkisaboutapark averyrichmankeepsdifferentKindsofdinosaurs where 1958wastheyear Spielbergmadehisfirstrealfilm Pleasegivemethereason youmadesuchagreatsuccess when why Morningisthebesttime youpractisereadingaloud when Doyourememberthelake youfirstmetyourgirlfriend where 2 如定语从句中缺宾语 确定定语从句的谓语动词是不是及物动词 如是 用关系代词 如不是 用关系副词 考点一 如何判定用关系代词还是用关系副词 Yesterdaywewenttovisitthehouse thegreatwriterusedtolive where inwhich Thehouse theybuiltin1987 stayedupintheearthquake whichthat Luckilynoneofthepeople Iknow werekilledintheearthquake whowhomthat Myfatherwasbornintheyear theSecondWorldWarbrokeout inwhich when 3 如定语从句中谓语结构是被动结构 有主语 则用关系副词 Kunmingisabeautifulplace flowersareseenalltheyearround where October1stistheday newChinawasfounded when Thewindow wasopenedthismorning hasbeenbroken Whichthat Themeeting willbeheldnextweek isveryimportant Whichthat 考点一 如何判定用关系代词还是用关系副词 考点二 as与which引导的定语从句 对这两个词作如下归纳 1 如果定语放主句后 即引用as也可以用which Hefailedtotheexam as which isnatural Sheseemsascientist as which infactsheis Grammarisnotadeadrule which as Ihavesaidbefore 2 如果从句在主句前 这时要用as而不用which引导定语从句 如 Asweallknow hisparentswerekilledinthewar Asweallknow theearthisround 3 用于thesame as such as as as so as 中 一般用as e g Suchbooksasyoutellmeareinteresting ThisisthesamebookasIlentyouyesterday 4 as代表前面主句意思时 有 正如 之意 而which没有此意思 从句中的动词常是expect know see think want suppose等 Hewonthematch aswehadexpected Heagreedtotheplan aswastobeexpected Thepolicewerelookingforhim ashethought 考点二 as与which引导的定语从句 Hereissobigastoneasnomancanlift 5 as在从句中作主语时 后面常接行为动词的被动语态 如beknown besaid bereported等 如从句中行为动词是主动语态 一般要用which作主语 e g Shehasbeenlateagain aswasexpected Tomhasmadegreatprogress whichmadeushappy 6 如果从句的内容对主句内容起着消极作用 或者说导致的结果 则用which a Hecheatedhisfriendofmachmoney whichwasverydisgraceful b Hecamebacklate whichmadehismotherworried 考点二 as与which引导的定语从句 考点三 关系代词前介词的确定 如何选定介词 1 根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系 请体会 e g Isthatthenewspaperforwhichyouoftenwritearticles 2 根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配 如 e g CanyouexplaintomehowtousetheseidiomsaboutwhichI msure 3 根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯 请体会 e g 1949wastheyearinwhichtheP R C wasfounded 4 非限制性定与从句中 要表示先行词的一部分时 可用 数词 代词 of 关系代词 的结构 如 e g Thereare50studentsinourclass two thirdsofwhomhavebeentoBeijing 5 Whose从句可转换为 of 关系代词 型 如 e g Theyliveinahouse whosedooropenstothesouth Theylivedinahouse ofwhichthedooropenstothesouth Theylivedinahouse thedoorofwhichopentothesouth 考点三 关系代词前介词的确定 关系副词when where why可以用适当的介词 which来替代 如 when in on at which where in on at which why for which介词的位置非常灵活 有时放在关系代词之前 有时放在动词之后 eg 1 Iwon tforgetthedatewhen onwhich Iwasborn 2 Thisistheroomwhere inwhich Ilived ThisistheroomwhichIlivedin 3 Idon tknowthereasonwhy forwhich hehaven tcometoday 4 Tomstillremembersthedayswhen inwhich theylivedinTianjin 考点三 关系代词前介词的确定 思考 是否所有的介词 关系代词都能用关系副词代替 Thepainting Ilooked waspaintedbyme atwhich Thebook Iheard waswrittentwentyyearsago aboutwhich Thepen shewrotethatbook cannowbeseeninamuseum withwhich Kunmingisabeautifulplace flowersareseenalltheyearround where inwhich Iwillneverforgottheday Ifirstmetyouontheship onwhich when duringwhich Thefilm Ifellasleep wasveryboring 结论 只有当介词 关系代词充当地点状语 时间状语或原因状语时 才能用关系副词代替 六 非限制性定语从句 1 非限制性定语从句的定义 非限制性定语从句是对被修饰部分进行附加说明 如果去掉 主句的意思仍然完整或清楚 它和主句之间的关系比较松散 因此常用逗号隔开 不用that引导 Mywatch whichisveryold stoppedagain 六 1 非限制性定语从句的定义 2 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别 1 限制性定语从句和主句的关系十分密切 若省去 主句的意思就不明确 主从句之间不用逗号隔开 而非限制性定语从句则不然 试比较 ThisisthebestbookthatIhaveread Thisisagoodbook whichiseasytounderstand 2 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别 2 限制性定语从句的先行词总是一个名词或一个代词 而非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是一个词 也可以是部分或整个主句的意思 此时 一般用关系代词as或which引导 4 在非限制性定语从句中 不能省略关系代词 而在限制性定语从句中则可以 3 限制性定语从句可以用关系代词that引导 而非限制性定语从句则不能 5 关系代词在非限制性定语从句中作介词的宾语时 介词前可以有被介词短语所修饰的词 如 6 在非限制性定语从句中 关系代词还可以作介词的宾语 Hehastwodaughters theelderofwhomismarried Heisill inspiteofwhichhekeepsonstudying 1 a Isawsometrees andtheleavesof wereblackwithdisease b Isawsometrees theleavesof wereblackwithdisease 2 a Theprofessorisalittleman onthenoseof thereisapairofglasses b Theprofessorisalittleman andonthenoseof thereisapairofglasses 解题点拨 是否有连词是区分定语从句和并列句的关键 them whom which him 高考考点 易混句型 1 定语从句与并列句 1 a Thenews ourvolleyballteamwonthematchmadeusexcited b Thenews hetoldmeyesterdayisexciting 2 a Imadeapromise ifanyonesetmefree Iwouldmakehimveryrich b Themothermadeapromise pleasedallherchildren that that which that which that 解题点拨 that引导的定语从句是对其先行词的修饰或限制 在句中作成份 作宾语省略 指物时可用which代替 而同位语从句是对前面名词的说明和解释 that在从句中仅起连接作用 不充当成份 不能省略 不能用which代替 定语从句与同位语从句 1 a Itisinthisroom Ilivedlastyear b Itistheroom Ilivedlastyear 2 a Itwasatseveno clock hewenttoschoolthismorning b Itwasseveno clock hewenttoschoolthismorning 解题点拨 强调句型 Itis was 被强调的成份 that who 其它部分 去掉Itis was that who 句子照样成立 而定语从句的引导词在句中要作成份 that where that when 定语从句与强调句 注意一 way后面的定语从句 way后面的定语从句的引导词有inwhichthat或不填 如 Irecognizedhe sfromAustraliafromtheway hespeaks inwhich that 不填 注意二 定语从句的位置问题 一般的说 定语从句由关系词引导紧跟在被修饰的词 先行词 后边 As引导的定语从句可以放在句首 Ihappenedtomeetthemaninthestreet A whomyouoncespokeB towhoyouoncespokeC youoncespoketohimD youoncespoketo 注意二 定语从句的位置问题 Ihappenedtomeetthemaninthestreet A whomyouoncespokeB towhoyouoncespokeC youoncespoketohimD youoncespoketo但是如果在容易造成歧义的情况下可以的 如果把定语从句放在inthestreet之前 容易被人理解为 你曾经在街上说过话的人 所以先要照顾句子意思 注意二 定语从句的位置问题 但是如果在容易造成歧义的情况下可以的 如果把定语从句放在inthestreet之前 容易被人理解为 你曾经在街上说过话的人 所以先要照顾句子意思 另如 HecametoParisin1897 hebecameafamousactorlater where 注意三 疑问句theone有关的问题 1 Isthismuseum youvisitedafewdaysago A whereB thatC onwhichD theone2 Isthisthemuseum theexhibitionwasheld A whereB thatC onwhichD theone 注意三 疑问句theone有关的问题 例1变为肯定句 Thismuseumis youvisitedafewdaysago 例2变为肯定句 Thisisthemuseum theexhibitionwasheld 在句1中 is后应跟表语 只有theone可以 而后面的youvisitedafewdaysago则做one的定语从句 而句2中 主 谓 宾俱全 从句部分为句子的状语表地点 既可用副词where 又因inthemuseum词组 可用介词in which引导地点状语 而此题中 介词on用的不对 所以选A 定语从句考点归纳 2 如何判断介词 3whose的使用 4as的使用 1 that与which 6定语从句中的动词的数 5when where why与that which的区分 1 that与which 1 Nothing canbedonehasbeendone 2 Doyouhaveanything youdon tunderstand 先行词是everything nothing anything something much little none等不定代词 引导定语从句用that that that 1 ThisisthebestTV ismadeinChina 2 Thefirstmuseum hevisitedinChinawastheHistoryMuseum that that 先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时 引导定语从句用that 1 that与which I vereadallthebooks youlentme that 先行词被any some no much few little every all very only last修饰时 引导定语从句用that 1 that与which 1 Thefamouswriterandhisworks theradiobroadcasthavearousedgreatinterestamongthestudents 2 Avictimisaperson animalorthing sufferspain death harm etc 先行词中既有人又有事物时 引导定语从句用that that that 1 that与which 1 Who youhaveeverseencandoitbetter Who做先行词时 引导定语从句用that that 1 that与which 1 Herbag in sheputallhermoney hasbeenstolen 2 Thisistheringon shespent1000dollars 3 XiaoWang with Iwenttotheconcert enjoyitverymuch which which whom 在介词后面 指事物用which 指人用whom 1 that与which 根据从句中的动词搭配 Thisisthebook whichyouasked 注意 动词短语不能拆 即介词不提前我照顾的那个老人好多了 TheoldmanafterwhomIamlookingisbetter TheoldmanwhomIamlookingafterisbetter 介词 whom which如何判断介词 for 根据从句中的形容词搭配 Hetoldmesomereferencebooks whichIamnotveryfamiliar Thisisourclassroom inthefrontofwhichthereisateacher sdesk 如何判断介词 with 根据先行词与介词搭配 介词 关系代词 关系副词 Mygrandpawasbornin1939 theWorldWar brokeout KunMingisabeautifulplace flowersareseenalltheyearround 如何判断介词 inwhich when inwhich where Thesong weareinterestedwillbebroadcasttonight Heisthehero weareproud Thisisthecollege we llvisitafamousactor Theearth weliveisabigroundball inwhich ofwhom inwhich onwhich Exercise Doyoulikethebook shespent 10 Doyoulikethebook shepaid 10 Doyouliketheteacher shelearnedalot Doyouliketheteacher wearetalkinghasgoneabroad Hepaidtheboy 10forwashingtenwindows most hadn tbeencleanedforatleastayear onwhich forwhich fromwhom aboutwhom ofwhich 介词 关系代词的使用 whose引导的定语从句 表示所属关系 Theriver banksarecoveredwithtreesflowstothesea whose 3Whose的使用 Thereareinthisclass20students aredifferent A whosebackgroundsB ThebackgroundsofwhomC ofwhomthebackgroundsD thebackgroundsofwhose Whose的使用 Theearthisround weallknow isknowntoall theearthisround isknowntoallthattheearthisround as As It 4as的使用 ThisisthesamebookasIlost ThisisthesamebookthatIlost 这本书和我丢的那本一模一样 这本书就是我丢的那本 as的使用 Thisissuchaninterestingbook wealllike Thisissointerestingabook wealllike as as 这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书 定语从句 as的使用 Thisissuchaninterestingbook wealllikeit Thisissointerestingabook wealllikeit that that 这本书如此有趣 大家都喜欢 结果状语从句 as的使用 1 Itisveryusefultomasteraforeignlanguage hasbeensaidbefore which 2 everyonehoped Maryhaswonthefirstprize As as的使用 5when where why与that which的区分 I llneverforgettheday wefirstmetinthepark I llneverforgetthetime Ispentwithyou I llneverforgetthetime wasspentwithyou Thisisthemuseum Ivisitedlastyear when which that which that which that 5when where why与that which的区分 Thisisthereason forwhich Ididn tcomehere Thereason shegavewasnottrue why that which that 指时间 地点或原因的先行词在定语从句中作主语或宾语 用which或that引导定语从句 6定语从句中的动词的数 Heistheonlyoneinhisclasswho have gottheteacher spraiseHeisoneofthestudentsinhisclasswho have gottheteacher spraise has have 关系词在定语从句中做主语时 谓语动词的数取决于先行词 Correctthesentences 1 I musingthepenwhichheboughtityesterday 2 Isthatfactorywhichyourfatheronceworkedin 3 ThemanwhomIspokeisfromCanada 4 July1 1999isthedaywhenwe llneverforget 去掉 theone to which 5 Thestudentsandthingswhichyouspokeofareknowntous that 5 Einsteinissuchagreatscientistthatwemustlearnfrom 6 Thestudentwho sbookIhadborroweddidn tcometoschooltoday 7 Whoistheworkerwhotooksomepicturesofthefactory 8 Itistheoneofthebestfilmswhichhavebeenshownrecently 9 ThethirdplacewhichwearegoingtovisitisHangzhou10 Whichisknowntoall manysatellitearegoingaroundinthesky as Whose