高中英语 Unit4 Lessons12 Words Expressions练习 北师大版必修2.doc

words & expressionsaffect【归纳】affect是及物动词，意为：影响；深深打动，使悲伤；（疾病）侵袭，使感染。如：their opinions will not affect my decision.we were deeply affected by the film. its a disease which affects mainly older people.【即学即练】翻译下面句子。1. 这些变化将会如何影响我们？_2. 她死亡的消息使我们很悲伤。_3. 医生告知他的家属，癌已侵及他的肺部。_attack【归纳】attack既可作动词又可作名词。作动词时，意为：袭击，攻击（常用搭配：attack sb. / sth. with sth.）；抨击，非难；侵袭，损害；奋力处理，全力对付。如：he was attacked and seriously injured by a group of youths.he needed to be sent into hospital after being attacked with a broken bottle.a newspaper article attacked the famous singer.a disease is attacking his brain and he is in pain.we have to attack these problems now and find some solutions. 作名词时，常与介词on连用，意为：袭击，攻击（常用搭配：be / come under attack）；（口头和书面的）抨击，非难；抑制，打击，处理；（尤指常发疾病的）发作，侵袭。如：enemy forces have made an attack on the city.once again we came under attack from enemy fighter planes.the magazine recently published a violent personal attack on the novelist.the organization decided to launch an all-out attack on smoking.her grandfather died of a heart attack.【即学即练】根据汉语意思补全下面句子（每空一词）。1. 飞机开始攻击这座城市。the planes began their _ on the city. 2. 一位女士遭到一伙年轻人袭击和抢劫。a woman was _ and robbed by a gang of youths.3. 他试着从不同的角度来解决这个问题。he tried to _ the problem from different angles. be up to【归纳】be up to sth.意为：干某事；有条件做某事。如：the boys are very quiet. i wonder what they are up to.is he up to such an important job? be up to sb. 意为：应由某人做某事; 由某人决定。如：its up to parents to teach their children manners.when you do it is up to you.【即学即练】根据汉语意思补全下面句子（每空一词）。1. 在我忙的时候你们整天都在干什么？ _ _ _ _ _ _ all day while ive been busy?2. 学不学完全取决于你。 whether you learn or not _ _ _ _ _.reject【归纳】reject既可作动词又可作名词。作动词时，意为：拒绝接受，不予考虑；拒收，不录用，拒绝接纳；（因质量差）不用，不出售，不出版；排斥，排异（移植的器官）；不够关心，慢待。如：mr. james rejected the suggestion that it was time for him to retire.one of my most able students was rejected by another university.imperfect articles are rejected by our quality control.after the operation his body rejected the new heart.when her husband left home she felt rejected and useless.作名词时，意为：废品，次品；不合格者，被剔除者，被拒收者。如：its so cheap because its a reject.the players were all rejects from other teams.【拓展】rejection n.意为“拒绝”。如：her plan met with rejection.【即学即练】用reject的正确形式填空。1. the football coach _ him for the first team yesterday. 2. he considered himself as one of lifes _.3. children feel _ if they dont see their parents regularly.4. what are the reasons for his _ of the plan?crash【语境展示】阅读下面句子，注意crash的意思。1. two people were injured when the car crashed into a large stone. 2. amazingly, he survived when the plane crashed into the sea. 3. a ball came crashing through the window.4. when kelly saw a dog, the plate she was carrying crashed to the floor. 5. yesterday i was surfing the internet when the computer crashed.6. the company crashed with debts of 2 million dollars. 7. it is the worst train crash in twenty years.8. there was a loud crash from the kitchen five minutes ago.9. the tree fell with a great crash. 10. many important files were lost because of frequent crashes of the computer system. 11. with the crash of the company, most of the workers lost their jobs.【自我归纳】通过例句1-6可知，crash作动词，可表示“（汽车、飞机）碰撞，撞击，撞毁；撞击（某物）发出声响；计算机出故障，崩溃；（企业）破产”。通过例句7-11可知，crash作名词，可表示“（汽车、飞机）碰撞，坠毁；哗啦声，碰撞声；计算机出故障，崩溃；（企业）破产”。【即学即用】用英文解释下列各句中crash的意思。1. the man was seriously injured in a car crash. _2. we could hear vases crashing to the floor. _3. the data can be lost if the system suddenly crashes. _harm【语境展示】阅读下面句子，注意harm的意思及用法。1. he means no harm by saying what he thinks, but people tend to be upset by it. 2. it wouldnt do you any harm to listen to her advice.3. if we interfere (干涉)，it may do more harm than good.4. they may not be able to help but theres no harm in asking them.5. smoking harms our health.6. there was a fire in our street, but no one was harmed.【自我归纳】harm 可作名词，意为“损害，危害，害处”，常用于一下结构： mean no harm没有恶意，如句1；do / cause harm to sb. / sth. do / cause sb. harm 对有害，如句2；do more harm than good弊多利少，如句3；theres no harm in doing 干没害处，如句4。harm可作动词，意为“损害，对有害处”，如句5和句6。【拓展】harmful adj. 有害的 be harmful to 对有害处 harmless adj. 无害的，不危险的【即学即练】根据所给的汉语意思，完成下面句子。1.they were accused of _ (对他造成了人身伤害).2. does watching violence on tv _ (真的对孩子有害吗)？3. the government insists that the dam _ (不会危害环境). hang on 【语境展示】阅读下列句子，注意hang on的意思。1. is that jenny speaking? sorry. hang on, please and ill get her.2. i asked him to hang on while i ran for a pencil and a sheet of paper.3. jack almost fell off the bridge, but he managed to hang on till help came.4. its hard work. but, if you hang on, youll succeed in the end.【自我归纳】hang on意为“别挂断（电话）”，如句1和句2；意为“紧紧抓住不放 ”， 如句3；意为“坚持下去，继续干”， 如句4。【拓展】hang about 闲逛，闲呆着 hang behind 落在后面 hang from 悬挂，从垂下来 hang up 挂上(话筒)，挂起来【即学即练】用适当的副词或介词填空。1. let me speak to mary before you hang _. 2. big shining lamps hung _ the ceiling. 3. walk faster. if you hang _, well lose you.4. why do these young fellows hang _ all day doing nothing?5. hang _ ill just see if he is here. 含touch的短语【语境展示】阅读下面句子，注意含touch的短语的意思。1. we keep in touch with each other by email since he left china.2. ive been trying to get in touch with you all afternoon.3. the old man lives alone because he lost touch with his family during the war.4. we dont have the latest information of roger. weve been out of touch with him for weeks.5. we are in touch with all the world through the internet.【自我归纳】由以上各句语境可知：keep in touch with 表示“和保持联系”；get in touch with和取得联系；lose in touch with和失去联系；be out of touch with和没有联系；be in touch with和有联系。【即学即练】翻译下面句子。1. 我在北京时常常见到他，但我们已经失去联系了。 _2. 无论你去哪里，请与我保持联络。 _optimistic【寓词于境】阅读下面句子，并试着归纳optimistic的意思及用法。1. emma is optimistic about her chances of winning a gold medal.2. cindy is optimistic that an agreement can be worked out soon.【自我归纳】optimistic是形容词，意为“乐观的，持乐观看法的”，常用搭配为：be optimistic about, be optimistic that .（句1、句2）。【拓展】optimistically adv. 乐观地【即学即练】根据汉语意思补全下面句子。1. people are _ (对收入会增加抱乐观看法).2. eva was _ (对公司的未来是乐观的).key:words & expressionsaffect【即学即练】1.how will these changes affect us?2. we were deeply affected by the news of her death.3. the doctor told his family (that) cancer had affected his lungs.attack【即学即练】 1. attack(s) 2. attacked 3. attackbe up to【即学即练】1. what have you