同步语法 限定性定语从句PK非限制性定语从句 人教版必修一 Unit 1 Cultural relics.doc

同步语法 限定性定语从句PK非限制性定语从句人教版必修一 Unit 1 Cultural relics 1 非限制性定语从句的作用是用来提供附加的而非必要的信息，只是对先行词作进一步的解释、补充或说明。若去掉此定语从句，句子的主旨大意仍然明确，不会引起误解和太大的歧义。如：Mr. Wang is the headmaster of our school, who you saw at the meeting yesterday.王先生是我校的校长，昨天你在会上见过他。分析 本句主要内容是“王先生是我校的校长”，说话者要侧重的信息已完整，而后加上一个非限制性定语从句只是对先行词的进一步补充，提供给对方获得更多的信息内容。以帮助对方明确所指对象。 2 非限制性定语从句只是先行词的附加补充说明，与先行词之间的关系较为松散，之间有逗号分隔。请看下列表格： 限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句标志主句和从句之间没有逗号主句和从句之间用逗号隔开关系词 who, whom, whose, that, which, when, where who, whom, whose, which, when, where(一般不用that）关系词省与否 1.关系词作宾语时可省可不省。 2.关系词作主语、定语和状语 时不可省 关系词作任何成份都不可省。试比较： A student who studies hard will make good progress. (限制性定语从句，如去掉，主句无意义)The student, who lives far from school, is the head of their football team. (非限制性定语从句，如去掉，主句意义无多大变化)3 当先行词为以下情况时，其后只能接非限定性定语从句。1).先行词为专有名词the sun, theuniverse, the Great Wall, China, Tom, Tsinghua University等时。如：Have you ever visited the Great Wall, which attracts thousands of tourists each year?你游览过长城吗？它每年吸引了成千上万的游客。2). 先行词为惟一性的名词或代词my father, my mother, I, you等。如：The man in the car is Jims father, who now teaches English in our school.坐在小汽车里的人是吉姆的父亲，他现在在我校教英语。3). 当先行词为整个句子时，只能带非限制性定语从句。引导这类从句的关系代词只有as和which。其中，as引的非限制性定语从句位置灵活，可置于句首、句中和句末，而which引导非限定性定语从句不能置于句首。如：As is known to all, the earth moves around the sun. 正如大家所知，地球围绕太阳转。She must pay for what she has done, which / as is natural. 她应当为她所做的做出赔偿，这是自然的。4. 在非限制性定语从句中不能用that来代指人或物，而应当用who / whom指人，用which指物。指人和指物的关系代词在定语从句作宾语时也不能省略。指人作宾语时只能用宾格whom; 不能用who替换。如：He takes exercise regularly, which helps to keep him fit. 他有规律地从事锻炼，这有助于他保持健康。(which不能用that代替)Please give the note to Mr. Li, who is standing under the tree. 请将这个便条交给李先生，他正站在树下面。(who在定语从句作主语，既不能用that，也不能用whom)Miss Yang is our favorite teacher, whom we honor most. 李小姐是我们最喜爱的老师，我们对她最为尊敬。(whom在定语从句中作宾语不能用who和that，也不能省略。)5 非限制性制语从句不能用why引导。要用for which代替why。No one knows the exact reason why / for which he didnt come yesterday. 没有人知道他昨天不来的准确原因。(限定性定语从句why或for which都可以)We couldnt accept the reason he explained, for which he was late. 我们不能接受他解释的理由，他是如何因此而迟到的。(非限定性定语从句用for which来代替why。) 6 非限制定语从句只是对先行词的补充说明，因此，我们常将其译为一个后置的并列句，而限制性定语从句是先行词不可或缺的修饰语，常将其译为前置定语。如： They asked for civil rights, for which they had struggled for hundreds of years. 他们要求民权，他们为此奋斗了几百年。(非限制性定语从句译为一个后置的并列句。)Do you know the boy whose name is Li Lei? 你认识那个名叫李雷的男孩吗？(前置定语)【焦点拓展】 as在非限制性定语从句中的用法以及和which的区别as引导非限制性定语从句，as在定语从句中作主语、表语或宾语，这种定语从句说明整个句子，在句中可置于主句前、主句后或插在主句中。在“主系表”和“主谓”结构的非限制性定语从句中，可换用which, 只是which引导的非限制性定语从句不能置于句首。 例如：As anybody can know, the elephant is like a snake.He, as is known to all, is the best student in our class. Mary was late for school, as often happened. 注意： “介词关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句中，介词后的定语从句引导词不用that, 指物一般用which; 指人一般用whom，常用“介词+which/whom”结构。其中介词的选择是有一定规律可寻的。主要依据：1. 看和定语从句中谓语动词的搭配关系；John, to whom we talked yesterday, is from Canada.2. 看介词和定语从句的先行词的搭配关系 The speed at which the coding can be done depends on the speed at which the operator works. 3. 从句末的形容词的搭配关系确定。The Mount Li, for which Linton is famous, is a beautiful place. 4. 介词选用由句子所要表达的意思决定. 例如： Chaplin went to the States in 1910, by which time he had learned to dance and act in comedies.(此题意为“在1910以前”，所以根据意思没有选用in, 而用by。 Luckily, wed brought a road map without which we would have lost our way.5. “名词/代词+介词+关系代词”用于表示整体中的一部分“the 名词of which/whom”结构有时代替“关系代词whose 名词（先行词）”用于非限制性定语从句中。 I lived in the house, the window of which faces south. 同步巩固练习：I. 在下列各句中填入适当的连词，在有必要的地方加上适当的介词。1. I,_ is your good friend, will try my best to help you out. 2. He reached London in 1996,_ , some time later, he became a famous actor. 3. Mr Green will come to the party on Sunday, _he promisedto every one of us. 4. The professor has two sons, both of _ are teaching in the same university. 5. Sunday is a holiday _ people do not go to work. 6. I dont want to hire the boy _ father is now in prison. 7. China has hundreds of islands,_ Taiwan is the largest.8. A fast food restaurant is the place _, just as the name suggests, eating is performed quickly. 9.I was told that there were about 50 foreign students studying Chinese in the school, most _ were from Germany.10. The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% are sold abroadII定语从句改错练习。1. When people talk about Hangzhou, the first comes to mind is the West Lake. _2. In the distance there is a hill, on the top of it stands a white temple. _3. I have never been to Dalian which is said to be an attractive city. _4. Thesungivesofflightandwarmth, that makes it possible for plants to grow. _5. In an open boat, the four men, one of them was a doctor, met with a storm on the sea. _6. Your brother, that has come here, wants to see you_7. The handbag in that I put a lot of money is gone. _8. We have many students here, some of them are quite good at basketball. _9. Which is known to all, the earth moves round the sun. _10. Hangzhou is the most beautiful city where I have ever visited. _III. 单项选择。1. The day she spent with us was never to be forgotten. A/ Bon which C when Din which2. The day she played with us was never to be forgotten. A. that B. when C. which D. /3. She will fly to Washington， is the capital of the USA that B where C which D in which 4. Have you seen the film “Titanic”, _leading actor is world famous?A. its B. its C. whose D. which 5. The result of the experiment was very good, _ we hadnt expected.A. when B. that C. which D. what 6. _ has been said above, grammar is a set of dead rules.A. As B.That c. What D. which 7. I often thought of my childhood, _ I lived on a farm.A. who B. when C. where D. which 8. He paid the boy $10 for washing the windows, most of _ hadnt been cleaned for at least a year. A. which B. that C. as D. those9 _ is known to all, China will be an advanced and powerful country in 20 or 30 years time. A. Which B. As C. that D. It 10. Her sister has become a lawyer, she wanted to be. A.who B.that C.whatD.whichIV. 用非限制性定语从句合并下列句子。1. Tom didnt study hardThis thing made his parents worried _2. The flat is in a building on Fangcao Street. It is not far from Jianxin Chinese School. _3.It is shown on Chart 2 that only 10% of the time is taken up with sports activities. _4. He was very rude to the customs officer. Of course that made things even worse. _5. The students put the most time into their homework and it takes up 46 minute