9.连词.doc

语法专项（九）连词一概念：连词是连接单词，短语或句子的一种虚词，在句中不单独作句子成分。连词按性质可分为并列连词和从属连词。并列连词用于连接并列的单词，短语或句子，如and, but, or, for等； 从属连词主要引出名词性从句（主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句）和状语从句（时间/条件/目的状语从句等），引导名词性从句的连词如that, whether等吗，引导状语从句的连词如when, because, since, if等。二并列连词的用法：（一）and的用法：1. 表示联合 “和， 又， 而且”或用于连接两个相同的词语表示连续性：-We were cold and hungry.-The train ran faster and faster.2. 可用于祈使句后表示结果： -Work hard and you will succeed.（二）or的用法：1. 表示选择 “或， 还是” -Would you prefer tea or coffee?2. 表示一种否定的条件 “否则” -Get up or you will be late for school.（三）but的用法： but 主要用于表示转折： -He tried but without success.注：but不与although连用，只能选其一。（四）for的用法： for主要用于表示理由，不能放句首，也不能单独使用： -He must be out, for there is no light in the room.（五）so的用法： So主要用于表示结果，有时可与and连用，构成习语and so -He told me to do it and so I did it.注：so不与because连用，只能选其一。（六） bothand 既又 -She both speaks and writes Japanese. eitheror 要么要么 -You can either have tea or coffee. neithernor 既不也不 -He neither likes maths nor history. not only but also不但而且 -He not only read the book, but also remembered what he read.三从属连词的用法：（一）引导状语从句的从属连词：引导时间状语从句when, while, as, whenever, before, after, since, until, till, as soon as引导条件状语从句if, unless, as/so long as, in case引导目的状语从句in order that, so that, in case, for fear引导结果状语从句so that, sothat, suchthat引导原因状语从句because, as, since, seeing that, now that引导让步状语从句although, though, even though, even if, while, however, whenever, wherever引导方式状语从句as, like, as if, as though引导地点状语从句where, wherever引导比较状语从句than, asas（二）引导名词性从句的从属连词：that, whether, if, which, what, who, when, where, how, whatever, whichever, whoever等。（三）特殊从属连词：1副词转化为连词：directly/immediately/instantly; now that, once2名词短语用作连词：the instant/the minute/the moment; each time, every time, next time等3分词转化为连词：considering/given/seeing (that)(考虑到); provided/providing (如果); supposing(假如)4动词转化为连词：suppose(假如)-Each time we call on him, he is reading.-She smiles every time she sees me.-Now that you have the chance, you had better make good use of it.-Considering hes only been learning English a year, he speaks it very well.-Suppose/Supposing it rains, what should we do?（四）几组从属连词的用法区别：1. when: 从句是短暂性动作或持续性动作或主从句表示两个同时发生的短暂性动作；表“这时（突然）” while: 主从句表示两个同时进行的持续性动作; 表示对比；置于句首表转折 “尽管” as: 主从句表示的两个进行的动作表“一边一边”或表示两个正在发展变化的情况，表“随着”-I was about to leave _ it began to rain.-Things are getting better and better _ time goes on.-I kept silent _ he was writing.-It was raining hard _ we arrived.-He likes coffee _ she likes tea.2. because: 语气最强，表直接原因，可回答why的提问，引导表语从句，强调句等since/as: 表示人们已知的理由，since比as语气稍强，且比as正式，引导的从句常放在主句之前，有时也放在主句之后, since常翻译为“既然”for: 表示推断出来的理由，不置于句首-_ you are wrong, you should apologize.-The ground is wet, _ it rained last night.-He had to stay at home _ his mother was ill.巩固练习：1. Mary made coffee _ her guests were finishing their meal. (2010 全国卷) A. so that B. although C. while D. as if2. The little boy wont go to sleep _ his mother tells him a story. (2010 全国卷) A. or B. unless C. but D. whether3. The school rules state that no child shall be allowed out of the school during the day, _ accompanied by an adult. (2010 山东卷) A. once B. when C. if D. unless4. -I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays. -Thats _ I dont agree. You should have a more active life. (2010 江苏卷) A. where B. how C. when D. what5. -Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut? -You should try the barbers _ I go. Its only 15. (2010 天津卷) A. as B. which C. where D. that6. The old man asked Lucy to move to another chair _ he wanted to sit next to his wife. (2010 辽宁卷) A. although B. unless C. because D. if7. The engineers are so busy that they have zero time for outdoor sports activities, _ they have the interest. (2010 安徽卷) A. wherever B. whenever C. even if D. as if 8. Just use this room for the time being, and well offer you a larger one _ it becomes available. (2010 安徽卷) A. as soon as B. unless C. as far as D. until9. _ they decide which college to go to, students should research the admission procedures. (2010 北京卷) A. As B. While C. Until D. Once10. Tim is good shape physically _ he doesnt get much exercise. (2010 湖南卷) A. if B. even though C. unless D. as long as11. John thinks it wont be long _ he is ready for his new job. (2010 陕西卷) A. when B. after C. before D. since12. Tom was about to close the window _ his attention was caught by a bird. (2010 全国卷二) A. when B. if C. and D. till13. -Our holiday cost a lot of money. -Did it? Well, that doesnt matter _ you enjoyed yourselves. (2010 江西卷) A. as long as B. unless C. as soon as D. though14. You may use room as you like _ you clean it up afterwards. (2009 北京卷) A. so far as B. so long as C. in case D. even if15. You cant borrow books from the school library _ you get your student card. (2009 上海卷) A. before B. if C. while D. as16. It just isnt fair _ I was working as a waiter last month; my friends were lying on the beach. (2009 辽宁卷) A. whenever B. though C. for D. while17. The medicine works more effectively _ you drink some hot water after taking it. (2009 浙江卷) A. as B. until C. although D. if18. _ the police thought he was the most likely one, since they had no exact proof about it, they could not arrest him. (2009 湖南卷) A. Although B. As long as C. If only D. As soon as19. -I wonder how much you charge for your services. -The first two are free _ the third costs 30 dollars. (2009 安徽卷) A. while B. until C. when D. before20. My parents dont mind what job I do _ I am happy. (2009 陕西卷) A. even though B. as soon as C. as long as D. as though21. -Have you got any idea for the summer vacation? -I dont mind where we go _ theres sun, sea and beach. (2008 全国卷一) A. as if B. as long as C. now that D. in order that22. A small car is big enough for a family of three _ you need more space for baggage. (2008 全国卷二) A. once B. because C. if D. unless23. Stand over there _ you will be able to see the oil painting better. (2008 全国卷二) A. but B. till C. and D. or24. -Did you return Freds call? -I didnt need to _ Ill see him tomorrow. (2008 北京卷) A. though B. unless C. when D. because25. Im sorry youve been waiting so long, but itll still be some time _ Brian gets back. (2008 北京卷) A. before B. since C. till D. after26. Well have a picnic in the park this Sunday _ it rains or its very cold. (2008 天津卷) A. since B. if C. unless D. until27. -Do you have a minute? Ive got something to tell you. -OK, _ you make it short. (2008 安徽卷) A. now that B. if only C. so long as D. every time28. I thought wed be late for the concert, _ we ended up getting there ahead of time. (2008 湖南卷) A. but B. or C. so D. for29. _ the Internet is of great help, I dont think its a good idea to spend too much time on it. (2008 湖南卷) A. If B. While C. Because D. As30. In some places women are expected to earn money _ men work at home and raise their children. A. but B. while C. because D. though31. The artist was born poor, _ poor he remained all his life. (2008 重庆卷) A. and B. or C. but D. so32. Dont promise anything _ you are hundred percent sure. (2008 浙江卷) A. whether B. after C. how D. unless33. He found it increasingly difficult to read, _ his eyesight was beginning to fail. (2008 山东卷) A. though B. for C. but D. so34. I wont call you, _ something unexpected happens. (2007 全国卷一) A. unless B. whether C. because D. while35. _ he had not hurt his leg, John would have won the race. (2007 全国卷二) A. If B. Since C. Though D. When36. You have failed two tests. Youd better start working harder, _ you wont pass the course. (2007 北京卷) A. and B. so C. but D. or37. Leave your key with a neighbor _ you lock yourself out one day. (2007 北京卷) A. ever since B. even if C. soon after D. in case38. It is difficult for us to learn a lesson in life _ weve actually had that lesson. (2007 天津卷) A. until B. after C. since D. when39. The field research will take John and Paul about five months; it will be a long time _ we meet them again. (2007 安徽卷) A. after B. before C. since D. when40. He was told that it would be at least