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任务书

毕业设计题目： 3.0吨调度绞车的设计

设计3吨调度绞车，

主要设计参数

牵引力：≈30

速绳： ≈1.2

容绳量：≈500 m

摘要

本次设计的题目是3吨调度绞车的设计。调度绞车由于结构简单、重量不大、移动方便，而被广泛应用于矿山地面、冶金矿场或建筑工地等进行调度和其它运输工作。

绞车的主要特点为：结构尺寸和重量较小、钢丝绳速度不高，安装及撤除操作方便、启动平衡（稳）、故障率低、常见故障易处理、维护方便。

我国许多调度绞车的设计是引进前苏联的技术，并在其基础上作了一些改进，本设计方案的主要特点：?该型绞车采用两级内啮合传动和一级行星轮传动。Z1/Z2和Z3/Z4为两级内啮合传动，Z5、Z6、Z7组成行星传动机构。在电动机轴头上安装着加长套的齿轮Z1，通过内齿轮Z2、齿轮Z3和内齿轮Z4，把运动传到齿轮Z5上，齿轮Z5是行星轮系的中央轮（或称太阳轮），再带动两个行星齿轮Z6和大内齿轮Z7。行星齿轮自由地装在2根与带动固定连接的轴上，大内齿轮Z7齿圈外部装有工作闸，用于控制绞车滚筒运转。

为了达到良好的均载效果，在设计的均载机构中采取无多余约束的浮动方式。另外，变位齿轮的使用也可以获得准确的传动比，提高啮合传动质量和承载能力。

本次设计主要对两级内啮合传动和一级行星轮传动、滚筒结构、制动器等进行了详细的设计。

关键词：调度绞车；行星齿轮；行星传动；内啮合传动

Abstract

The design is the subject of three tons scheduling winch design. Scheduling winch as simple structure, less weight, mobile convenience, and the ground was widely used in mining, metallurgical mines or construction sites, such as dispatching and other transportation work.

Winch the main features are: small size and weight of the structure, the rope speed is not high, installation and removal easy to operate, start balance (stability), the failure rate is low and easy to deal with common fault, and easy maintenance. Many of our scheduling winches are designed to introduce the former Soviet Union, and on the basis of their made some improvements, the design of the main features: the use of two-winch internal drive and a planetary gear transmission. Z1/Z2 and Z3/Z4 for two Internal Drive, Z5, Z6, Z7 composition of planetary transmission mechanism. Installation of the motor shaft head of the extended sets of gear Z1, through the gears Z2, with gear Z3 and Z4, the movement spread to gear Z5, the Z5 is the planetary gear wheel of a central round (or round the sun), Further promote the two planetary gear Z6, and the gear Z7. Planetary gear freely installed in the two driven and connected to a fixed axis, the largest in the gear Z7 Gear work with the external gateway, used to control winch drum operation.

In order to achieve good results, are contained in the design of the bodies contained no extra bound to take the floating manner. In addition, the use of variable gear can also get accurate than the drive to improve the quality and meshing transmission capacity.

The design of the two main transmissions and meshing with a planetary gear transmission, the drum structure, such as brake carried out a detailed design.

Key words: scheduling winch; planetary gear; planetary transmission; Internal Drive

一、整体方案设计1

1.1产品的名称、用途及主要设计参数1

1.2整体设计方案的确定1

1.3 设计方案的改进2

二、牵引钢丝绳直径及卷筒直径的确定3

2.1钢丝绳的选择3

2.1.1 计算钢丝绳直径3

2.1.2钢丝绳强度校核：3

2.2卷筒3

2.2.1 卷筒的名义直径3

2.2.2 确定卷筒的宽度B4

2.2.3 初选钢丝绳的缠绕层数为:4

2.2.5 确定卷筒直径4

2.2.6 卷筒厚度：4

三、电机的选取：6

3.1系统的总效率6

3.2绳速的确定6

3.3电机的选型6

四、总传动比的计算及传动比的分配7

4.1总传动比的计算：7

4.2 传动比的分配7

五、两级内齿圈传动设计9

5.1齿轮材料处理工艺及制造工艺的选定9

5.2确定各主要参数9

5.2.1传动比9

5.2.2 第一级传动齿轮模数m9

5.2.3 内啮合标准圆柱齿轮传动几何尺寸的计算10

5.2.4 齿轮接触疲劳强度计算10

5.2.5齿轮强度校验12

5.3 第二级传动齿轮模数m16

5.3.1 内啮合标准圆柱齿轮传动几何尺寸的计算17

5.3.2 齿轮接触疲劳强度设计计算17

5.3.3 齿轮强度校验20

六、行星轮传动设计24

6.1齿轮材料处理工艺及制造工艺的选定24

6.2确定各主要参数24

6.2.1传动比24

6.2.2行星轮数目24

6.2.3载荷不均衡系数24

6.2.4 配齿计算24

6.2.5 太阳轮分度圆直径25

6.2.6计算变位系数26

6.3几何尺寸计算29

6.4 啮合要素计算30

6.4.1 a—c传动端面重合度30

6.4.2 c—b传动端面重合度30

6.5 齿轮强度验算31

6.5.1 外啮合31

6.5.2 内啮合36

七、主轴的结构设计40

7.1轴的材料的选定40

7.2 轴直径的初步估算40

7.3轴的结构设计40

八、行星轴的结构设计和校核55

8.1行星轴55

8.1.1结构设计55

8.1.2行星轴材料55

8.1.3 轴的受力分析55

8.1.4按当量弯矩计算轴径56

8.1.5轴的疲劳强度安全因数校核计算56

8.1.6轴的表强度安全因数校核计算57

8.2行星轴校验58

8.2.1 轴径58

8.2.2行星轴材料58

8.2.3 轴的受力分析58

8.2.4按当量弯矩计算轴径59

8.2.5轴的疲劳强度安全因数校核计算60

8.2.6轴的表强度安全因数校核计算61

九、行星架结构设计63

9.1行星架形式的确定和材料的选定63

9.2行星架的技术要求63

十、轴承及校核65

10.1调心滚子轴承65

10.2深汮球轴承66

十一、联接（普通平键联接）69

11.1主轴上的平键联接69

11.1.1 键的选取69

11.1.2 键联接的强度校核69

11.2滚筒和行星架之间的联接70

11.2.1键的选取70

11.2.2键联接的强度校核70

十二、减速器铸造机体结构尺寸71

12.1铸造机体的壁厚71

12.2螺栓直径71

十三、制动器的设计计算72

13.1制动器的作用与要求72

13.1.1制动器的作用72

13.1.2制动器的要求72

13.2制动器的类型比较与选择72

13.2.1制动器的类型72

13.2.2制动器的选择72

13.3外抱闸式制动器结构72

13.4外抱闸式制动器的几何参数计算73

十四、主要零件的技术要求79

14.1对齿轮的要求79

14.1.1齿轮精度79

14.1.2对行星轮制造方面的几点要求79

14.1.3齿轮材料和热处理要求79

十五、维护及修理80

15.1润滑80

15.2维护80

15.3修理80

Abstract81

摘要88

毕业设计总结94

参考文献95

一、整体方案设计

1.1产品的名称、用途及主要设计参数

本次设计的产品名称是3吨调度绞车，调度绞车是一种小型绞车，通过緾绕在滚筒上的钢丝绳牵引车辆在轨道上运行，属于有极绳运输绞车。调度绞车适用于煤矿井下或地面装载站调度编组矿车，在中间巷道中拖运矿车，亦可在其它地方作辅助运输工具。

主要设计参数为：

牵引力 ≈30

绳速 ≈1.2

容绳 ≈500 m

1.2整体设计方案的确定

?该型绞车采用两级内啮合传动和一级行星轮传动。Z1/Z2和Z3/Z4为两级内啮合传动，Z5、Z6、Z7组成行星传动机构。

在电动机轴头上安装着加长套的齿轮Z1，通过内齿轮Z2、齿轮Z3和内齿轮Z4，把运动传到齿轮Z5上，齿轮Z5是行星轮系的中央轮（或称太阳轮），再带动两个行星齿轮Z6和大内齿轮Z7。行星齿轮自由地装在2根与带动固定连接的轴上，大内齿轮Z7齿圈外部装有工作闸，用于控制绞车滚筒运转。

?? 若将大内齿轮Z7上的工作闸闸住，而将滚筒上的制动闸松开，此时电动机转动由两级内啮轮传动到齿轮Z5、Z6和Z7。但由于Z7已被闸住，不能转动，所以齿轮Z6只能一方面绕自己的轴线自转，同时还要绕齿轮Z5的轴线（滚筒中心线）公转。从而带动与其相连的带动转动，此时Z6的运行方式很类似太阳系中的行星（如地球）的运动方式，齿轮Z6又称行星齿轮，其传动方式称为行星传动。

?? 反之，若将大内齿轮Z7上的工作闸松开，而将滚筒上的制动闸闸住，因Z6与滚筒直接相连，只作自转，没有公转，从Z1到Z7的传动系统变为定轴轮系，齿轮Z7做空转。倒替松开（或闸住）工作闸或制动闸，即可使调度绞车在不停电动机的情况下实现运行和停车。当需要作反向提升时，必须重新按动启动按钮，使电机反向运转。

为了调节起升和下放速度或停止，两刹车装置可交替刹紧和松开。

1.3 设计方案的改进

为了达到良好的均载效果，在设计的均载机构中采取无多余约束的浮动，既在行星轮中安装一个球面调心轴承。高速级行星架无支承并与低速级太阳轮固定联接。此法的优点是机构中无多余约束，结构简单，浮动效果好，沿齿长方向的载荷分布均匀。由于行星轮内只装一个轴承，当传动比较小时，轴承尺寸小，寿命较长。

设计中还采用了合理的变位齿轮，在渐开线行星齿轮传动中，可以获得如下的效果：获得准确的传动比，提高啮合传动质量和承载能力，在传动比得到保证的前提下得到理想的中心距，在保证装配及同心等条件下，使齿数的选择有较大的灵活性。

二、牵引钢丝绳直径及卷筒直径的确定

2.1钢丝绳的选择

2.1.1 根据GB/T8918－1996知，钢丝绳直径可由钢丝绳最大工作静拉力，按下式确定：

d = （2-1）

式中d－钢丝绳最小直径

C－选择系数，取C =0.1

S－钢丝绳最大静拉力N

则由公式（2-1）可得：

d =17.32

所以选择钢丝绳直径d =19.5

初选钢丝绳直径 =19.5

型号为：6×19（a）－19.5－155

2.1.2钢丝绳强度校核：

由钢丝绳型号知：

钢丝绳公称抗拉强度为1550

所以最小钢丝破断拉力总和

整条钢丝绳的破断拉力为

式中：—拉力影响系数，取=0.85

安全系数

所以=5

故所选钢丝绳满足要求。

2.2卷筒

2.2.1 卷筒的名义直径

（2-3）

式中：—按钢丝绳中心计算的卷筒最小直径

d—钢丝绳直径

h—与机构工作级别和钢丝绳的结构有关的系数，因为机构的工作级别为M5级，所以取h =18

参考文献：

［1］马从谦，陈自诊等，渐开线行星齿轮传动设计。北京：机械工业出版社，1987

［2］《现代机械传动手册》编辑委员会。现代机械传动手册。北京：机械工业出版社，1995

［3］单丽云，强颖怀，张亚非。工程材料。徐州：中国矿业大学，2000

［4］张国端，张展等，行星传动技术。上海：上海交通大学出版社，1989

［5］胡来，何金国等，行星传动设计与计算。北京：煤炭工业出版社，1983

［6］朱龙根，简明机械零件设计手册。北京：机械工业出版社，1997

［7］周明衡，离合器、制动器选用手册。北京：化学工业出版社，2003

［8］成大先，机械设计手册（单行本）机械传动。北京：化学工业出版社，2004

［9］王洪欣等，机械设计工程学Ⅰ，徐州：中国矿业大学，2001

［10］唐大放等，机械设计工程学Ⅱ，徐州：中国矿业大学，2001

［11］单丽云，强颖怀，张亚非。工程材料。徐州：中国矿业大学，2000

［12］尤瑞琳，行星减速器行星架的改造设计。起重运输机械，2002

［13］张树森，机械制造工程学。沈阳：东北大学出版社，2001

［14］甘永立，几何量公差与检测。上海科学技术出版社，2003

［15］刘鸿文，简明材料力学，北京：高等教育出版社，1997

[16]F .T .thwaites,S. M. G allager. A Winch and C able for the Autonmous Vertacally Profiling Plankton Observatory. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institutino, 1998

［17］Davis, C. S, S. M Ggllager, and M. S Berman. The Video Planlton Recorder (VPR) Design and initial results Arch Hydrobiol Beih, 36,pp 67-81,1992

［18］Wang Yixing etc, Aatudy on jumping-over-teeth phenol menon in Roller china drive .New Youk :ASME journal of Mechnical Desingn, 1990

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内容简介：: 中国矿业大学本科生毕业设计姓名：张帅学号： 21040292 学院：应用技术学院专业：机械工程及自动化设计题目： 3.0 吨调度绞车的设计专题：指导教师：职称： nts中国矿业大学毕业设计任务书学院应用技术学院专业年级机自 04-3班学生姓名张帅任务下达日期： 2008 年 1 月 11 日毕业设计日期： 2008 年 3 月 25 日至 2008 年 6 月 16 日毕业设计题目： 3.0 吨调度绞车的设计毕业设计专题题目：毕业设计主要内容和要求：设计 3 吨调度绞车，主要设计参数牵引力： T 30 kN 速绳： v 1.2 m/s 容绳量： H 500 m 院长签字：指导教师签字： nts中国矿业大学毕业设计指导教师评阅书指导教师评语（基础理论及基本技能的掌握；独立解决实际问题的能力；研究内容的理论依据和技术方法；取得的主要成果及创新点；工作态度及工作量；总体评价及建议成绩；存在问题；是否同意答辩等）：成绩：指导教师签字：年月日 nts中国矿业大学毕业设计评阅教师评阅书评阅教师评语（选题的意义；基础理论及基本技能的掌握；综合运用所学知识解决实际问题的能力；工作量的大小；取得的主要成果及创新点；写作的规范程度；总体评价及建议成绩；存在问题；是否同意答辩等）：成绩：评阅教师签字：年月日 nts中国矿业大学毕业设计评阅教师评阅书评阅教师评语（选题的意义；基础理论及基本技能的掌握；综合运用所学知识解决实际问题的能力；工作量的大小；取得的主要成果及创新点；写作的规范程度；总体评价及建议成绩；存在问题；是否同意答辩等）：成绩：评阅教师签字：年月日 nts中国矿业大学毕业设计答辩及综合成绩答辩情况提出问题回答问题正确基本正确有一般性错误有原则性错误没有回答答辩委员会评语及建议成绩：答辩委员会主任签字：年月日学院领导小组综合评定成绩：学院领导小组负责人：年月日 nts ntsAbstract First、 Scheduling and the structural characteristics of winch scheduling winch is used to dispatch vehicles to assist traction and operating a winch. Commonly used in the mine tunnel in the haulage and supporting mine car handling、 can also be used in the mining face、 with scheduling space station、 heavy cars. Scheduling winch is full-gear transmission machinery. Gear also known as the round of the transmission system. According round of the transmission gear when the axis of space in the relative position is fixed、 can be divided into fixed and working capital of the axis round of the round. Another round of the axis of cylindrical mesh gear transmission and the cylindrical mesh gear transmission of points、 and turnover of another round of transmission and differential planetary transmission of the points. Scheduling the winch within the existing transmission gear meshing cylindrical Gear、 another planetary transmission、 scheduling winch planetary transmission gear、 also known as the winch. Scheduling winch models commonly used mainly JD-0.4 (JD-4.5)、 JD-1 (JD) -11.4)、 JD-1. (JD-22)、 JD-2 (JD-25)、 JD-3 (JD - 40). Below the JD-3 (that is、 JD-40) as an example of scheduling winch on the composition and scheduling transmission principle. (A) JD-3-scheduling of the winch JD-3-scheduling the main component of the winch drum for、 brakes and motor frame. From the winch drum made of cast steel、 its main function is winding rope traction load. Drum、 and the slowdown in gear with the gear. Winch on the two groups with a total installed-gate that is Brake 2、 the gateway 3. Motor side of the gate 2 to brake drum brakes、 the gear in the work of three gates used to control Z7 group functioning. Use made of cast iron frame、 the motor bearings and gates with stent-positioning are fixed with bolts in the plane seat. For Flameproof for the thee-phase motor . (B) JD-3-Dispatch winch the drive principle this type of winch used two Internal Drives and a planetary gear transmission. Z1/Z2 and Z3/Z4 for two Internal Drive、 Z5、 Z6、 Z7 composition of planetary transmission mechanism. Motor head in the installation of a 5-axis extended sets of gear Z1、 through the gears Z2、 with gear Z3 and Z4、 the movement spread to gear Z5、 the Z5 is the planetary gear wheel of a central round (or round of the Sun) And then led the two planetary gear Z6、 and the gear Z7. Planetary gear freely installed in the two driven and connected to a fixed axis、 the largest in the gear Z7 Gear work with the external gateway、 used to ntscontrol winch drum operation. If the big gear Z7 gate on the work of three gates to live、 and will be on the brake drum gates 2 release、 this time by two motor rotation within the rodents to gear wheel drive Z5、 Z6 and Z7. However、 due to Z7 gate has been living and can not rotate、 so gear Z6 only on the one hand around its own axis of rotation、 but also around the axis of gear Z5 (drum center) to the public. Thus connected with the rotation of the lead、 then Z6 the operation mode very similar to the planets in the solar system (such as Earth) movement、 also known as the planetary gear Z6、 its transmission mode known as the planetary transmission. Conversely、 if the gear Z7 in the work release gate 3、 and will brake drum on the live gate 2、 the Z6 directly connected with the drum、 only for the rotation、 not revolution、 the Z1 from the transmission system changed to Z7 For the fixed axis of the round、 gear Z7 to go short. Inverted for the release (or live gate) gate work Brake 2 or 3、 you can make scheduling winch in the case of non-stop motor to achieve operating and parking. When the need to reverse upgrade、 must be re-activated the launch button、 reverse the motor running. It should be noted that、 when the motor is turned on、 the gate and not allowed to work Brake live gate at the same time、 it will burn motor or other accidents. Third、 scheduling winch day-to-day maintenance check the contents of (1) check each part of bolts、 pin、 nuts、 washers、 etc.、 if loose、 loss should be tightened and timely complement. (2) to check installations and electrical signal Operation button is intact and whether stolen explosive phenomenon、 whether the signal sent clear and bright、 it should be repaired or replaced. (3) to check whether damaged or broken drum、 the first wire rope is firmly fixed、 bearing oil spill there、 the rope is neatly arranged、 the problems should be promptly dealt with. (4) inspection gate with a crack-free、 wear-gauge whether or not (should have a thickness of not less than 3 mm)、 the tension bar bolts、 fork first、 the gate、 such as whether there is a pin deformation or injury、 whether the loose nuts back tight、 Problems should be adjusted and dealt with. (5) Check the gate and lever action is a flexible system、 Shi gate、 the ate may not reach the level position、 it should be slightly Sangria than the horizontal position. (6) to check the roof fixed winch-and-beam is solid、 based on whether there is a bolt or bolts loose、 whether crack base、 the issue should be dealt with promptly. (7) To check whether the normal start motor idling、 whether good grounding to start with、 and so whether the explosion-proof electrical equipment and good demand. nts (8) Check bearings and motors、 switches、 cables、 such as whether the gate with the temperature too high、 the problem should be found to identify the reasons for、 to take measures to deal with. (9) Often wipe winch to remove dust and debris、 and maintain the environment clean and tidy. Winch the safe operation、 inspection and maintenance 4、 winch common faults and deal with (A) a winch drum abnormal sound and the main approach 1. Winch drum produce abnormal sound the main reason (1) drum cartridge case bolts loose. (2) Shell and tube-round (flange) gap between too large. (3) Drum cylinder shell cracks. (4) Welding a cylinder shell welding. (5) Walks drum and hub of the fixed screw loose、 causing swimming drum and hub between the relative sliding. (6) Gap between the hub and spindle wear too large. (7) A clutch worm screw loose. 2. Approach According to the inspection to determine treatment. If the loosening of the nut、 in Jiao Ban shutdown when fastening If noise is not serious、 may be appropriate to reduce winch load、 pay attention to observe、 to maintain the provisions of the maintenance shutdown at the repair if the beep serious、 they should immediately Parking repaired or replaced、 so as to avoid accidents expand. (B) On the rope winch drum with Bu Shangri hazards、 causes and treatment methods、 1. Winch drum on the rope with the harm Bu Shangri (1) speed up the rope wear. Rope in the mess on the winding drum、 traction force to justice often ranked in the mess in the rope and pressure to get out、 causing serious wear、 resulting in diameter steel wire rope and wire break more ground and shorten the life of the rope. (2) Of wire rope slid off the drum. Rope with Bu Shangri、 an inevitable phenomenon of a crowded heap for damage to justice board、 when the reactor crowded the edge of more than high rollers、 the rope easily slid off the drum、 light、 broken wires、 heavy sports car、 and broken rope. 2. Winch drum on the main rope with Bu Shangri (1) winch layout properly that is hoisting cable angle non-compliance requirements. (2) Winch Titanium (Preliminary round) Quemoy not with the rope on the winding drum at about sliding. (3) Ranked rope winch device failure or have been removed. (4) Improper operation the wound is not tight. 3. Approach According to different situations symptomatic treatment. The ntsinstallation of quality and exclusive rope devices such as the failure to timely report on the request sent treatment、 operation or maintenance of an improper、 we should conscientiously in accordance with the provisions of meticulous operation and maintenance; Inclined Drift winch paying particular attention to removing obstacles on their way to prevent the re-delegate Of Mandrel、 tight-rope Mandrel. (C) Winch reducer operation abnormal sound and vibration generated in the causes and treatment 1. Reducer functioning of abnormal sound and vibration generated in the main (1) gears meshing space tight or too loose. (2) Bearing gap is too large、 the general performance of the decentralization empty at the beep、 beep when upgrading heavy small. (3) Or bearing reducer bolts loose. (4) Reducer in the swap was foreign bodies. 2. Approach (1) adjusting the gears meshing gap to a suitable position、 if the wear and gear should be replaced. (2) Relaxation of the repair or replacement of bearings. (3) Pay attention to tighten loose screws. (4) If it has fallen into foreign body reducer、 should be immediately suspended、 and troubleshooting. (D) Winch brake gate of the reasons for and treatment of fever 1. Brake winch for fever (1) a gate too early、 too excessive. (2) Weights are often delegated to use Brake、 no electrical power winch braking system EC、 single-drum winch often such a situation. (3) Brake shoe loose bolts or excessive brake wear、 the bolt hit the first round of gate (or gateway disc). (4) Brake shoe and the gateway round (or gateway disk) was not installed correctly; the contact area is too small. (5) Gate Ferry (or gateway disc) swing more. 2. Prevention and treatment Constantly sum up experience in operations、 and explore methods of operation and improve the level of technique; strict winch the safe operation、 inspection and maintenance of traction control grid load、 no-load、 do not send delegate at the motor-vehicle gate flying; regular maintenance checks、 pay attention to brake shoe and the gateway Round (or gate-) exposure. (5) Disc Brake-meters does not deal with the causes and prevention methods 1. Brake-song disc is not the main meters (1) brake operation handle screw drawbars length adjustment ntsinappropriate. (2) Brake operation handle swing point of view inappropriate. (3) Relief valve plug the hole cut expenditure or slide valve failure death card. (4) Relief valve surge devices or electro-hydraulic oil spills. (5) electro-hydraulic device moves lap surge Inch Xian welding is not strong or disconnected. 2. Prevention approaches the timely adjustment of brake operation handle moves location、 regular cleansing of the hydraulic system of oil filters、 hydraulic oil to maintain the cleanliness and avoid valve plug the hole. (6) The launch button、 do not turn the winch motor and Treatment 1. Main (1) A power failure、 such as power failures、 break phase、 motor or grounding line、 grounding the protection of power supply voltage or too low. (2) Stop button did not recover bit. (3) Have launched internal fault. (4) Cable operator disconnected. (5) Motor burned. 2. Approach To check power、 such as the local power supply cables on the other electrical and mechanical equipment are a fixed、 it would surely is the power blackout、 should be promptly reported that the request transmission. Check the button、 we must switch handle hit by power outage location、 check the button may be open 、 not to repair its damaged in the explosion-proof performance. Several other conditions must be full-time electrician to check processing. (7) The stop button、 the motor does not stop the causes and treatment 1. Main (1) Operating button failures or too wet. (2) Operation of short circuit or grounding. (3) Magnetic starter for the main contact point or burning auxiliary contact adhesive and can not leave. (4) arc-suppression hood stuck contact、 could not leave. (5) Contact between the open relays. (6) Magnetic starter placed unrighteousness、 touch or backward dumping beyond 15 . 2. Approach Should urgently Fishing magnetic starter、 to winch their magnetic starter handle the operation to stop fighting position. Pre-gate method should be used first to raise load stopped to prevent Lash starter when the magnetic switch in isolation have too great a power outage sparks. (8) Single-phase operation of the motor causes and treatment nts1 Winch motor single-phase operation of the characteristics and hazards (1) Whether positive start、 or reverse start、 the electrical occurred dull hum、 but the motor will not always turn. (2) If a motor running in single-phase operation、 while still maintaining the original motor to spin、 but obviously slow down the speed、 a humming sound、 the electrical start fever、 if the winch with Ammeter、 some point to zero、 Some larger current value. Whether or activated in motor running single-phase operation、 if not timely detection and shutdown、 it may be burning motor for the accident. 2. Single-phase operation of a motor for (1) Lack of power (of a fault). This is because of a broken fuse or a disconnection of contacts and a phase-connection is bad、 and so causes. (2) Motor stator windings of a break. Stator windings at this time because of the different connection mode、 the impact of differentiated、 that is、 stars (丫 ) of wiring than 1.30 ( ) of wiring serious. 3. Approach Rapid shut down to identify reasons for the timely reporting or maintenance electrician for processing. nts 摘要一、调度绞车及其结构特点调度绞车是常用来调度车辆及进行辅助牵引作业的一种绞车。常用于矿井巷道中拖运矿车及辅助搬运，也可用在采掘工作面、装车站调度空、重载矿车。调度绞车是一种全齿传动机械。齿轮传动系统又称轮系。根据轮系传动时各齿轮轴线在空间的相对位置是否固定，可分为定轴轮系和周转轮系。定轴轮系又有外啮合圆柱齿轮传动和内啮合圆柱齿轮传动之分，而周转轮系又有差动传动和行星传动之分。调度绞车的传动齿轮既有内啮合圆柱齿轮传动，又有行星传动，所以调度绞车又称内齿轮行星传动绞车。调度绞车常用型号主要有 JD 0.4(JD 4.5)、 JD 1（ JD） 11.4）、 JD 1.（ JD 22）、 JD 2（ JD 25）、 JD 3（ JD 40）等。下面以 JD 3（即 JD 40）型调度绞车为例介绍调度绞车的组成及传动原理。（一） JD 3 型调度绞车的组成 JD 3 型调度绞车的主要组成部分为滚筒、制动装置机座和电动机。绞车滚筒由铸钢制成，其主要功能是缠绕钢丝绳牵引负荷。滚筒内和大内齿轮下装有减速齿轮。绞车上共装有两组带式闸，即制动闸 2，工作闸 3。电动机一侧的制动闸 2用来制动滚筒，大内齿轮上的工作闸 3 用于控制 Z7 组运转。机座用铸铁制成，电动机轴承支架及闸带定位板等均用螺栓固定在机座上。电动机为专用隔爆三相笼型电动机。（二） JD 3 型调度绞车的传动原理该型绞车采用两级内啮合传动和一级行星轮传动。 Z1/Z2 和 Z3/Z4 为两级内啮合传动， Z5、 Z6、 Z7 组成行星传动机构。在电动机 5 轴头上安装着加长套的齿轮 Z1，通过内齿轮 Z2、齿轮 Z3 和内齿轮 Z4，把运动传到齿轮 Z5 上，齿轮 Z5 是行星轮系的中央轮（或称太阳轮），再带动两个行星齿轮 Z6 和大内齿轮 Z7。行星齿轮自由地装在 2 根与带动固定连接的轴上，大内齿轮 Z7 齿圈外部装有工作闸，用于控制绞车滚筒运转。若将大内齿轮 Z7 上的工作闸 3 闸住，而将滚筒上的制动闸 2 松开，此时电动机转动由两级内啮轮传动到齿轮 Z5、 Z6 和 Z7。但由于 Z7 已被闸住，不能转动，所以齿轮 Z6 只能一方面绕自己的轴线自转，同时还要绕齿轮 Z5 的轴线（滚筒中心线）公转。从而带动与其相连的带动转动，此时 Z6 的运行方式很类似太阳系中的行星（如地球）的运动方式，齿轮 Z6 又称行星齿轮，其传动方式称为行星传动。反之，若将大内齿轮 Z7 上的工作闸 3 松开，而将滚筒上的制动闸 2 闸住，因 Z6 与滚筒直接相连，只作自转，没有公转，从 Z1 到 Z7 的传动系统变为定轴轮nts系，齿轮 Z7 做空转。倒替松开（或闸住）工作闸 3 或制动闸 2，即可使调度绞车在不停电动机的情况下实现运行和停车。当需要作反向提升时，必须重新按动启动按钮，使电机反向运转。需要注意的是，当电动机启动后，不准将工作闸和制动闸同时闸住，这样会烧坏电动机或发生其他事故。三、调度绞车日常检查维护的内容 (1)检查各部位螺栓、销子、螺母、垫圈等，如有松动、脱落，应及时拧紧和补全。 (2)检查信号装置及电动机运行操作按钮是否完好和有无失爆现象，信号发出是否清楚和明亮，否则应修理或更换。 (3)检查滚筒有无损坏或破裂，钢丝绳头固定是否牢固，轴承有无漏油，钢丝绳排列是否整齐，有问题应及时处理。 (4)检查闸带有无裂纹，磨损是否超限 (应留有不少于 3 mm 厚度 )，拉杆螺栓、叉头、闸把、销轴等是否有损伤或变形，背紧螺母是否松动，有问题应调整和处理。 (5)检查闸把及杠杆系统动作是否灵活，施闸后，闸把不得达到水平位置，应当比水平位置略有上翘。 (6)检查固定绞车的顶柱和戗柱是否牢固，基础螺栓或锚杆是否有松动，底座有无裂纹，有问题应及时处理。 (7)检查电动机空载启动是否正常，接地是否良好，启动器等电气设备是否符合防爆和完好要求。 (8)检查轴承及电动机、开关、电缆、闸带等是否温度过高，发现问题应查明原因，采取措施进行处理。 (9)经常擦拭绞车，清理浮尘和杂物，保持周围环境整洁。绞车的安全操作、检查与维护四、绞车常见故障及处理 (一 )绞车滚筒产生异响的主要原因及处理方法 1绞车滚筒产生异响的主要原因 (1)滚筒筒壳螺栓松动。 (2)筒壳和支轮 (法兰盘 )之间间隙过大。 (3)滚筒筒壳产生裂纹。 (4)焊接筒壳开焊。 (5)游动滚筒和衬套的固定螺钉松动，造成游动滚筒和衬套之间有相对滑动。 (6)衬套与主轴之间间隙磨损过大。 (7)蜗轮螺杆式离合器有松动。 2处理方法 nts 根据检查情况，确定处理方法。如对松动的螺帽等，可在交接班停产时紧固；如果响声不严重，可适当减轻绞车负载，注意观察，维持到规定的停产检修时进行修理；如果响声严重，则应立即停车修理或更换，以免事故扩大。 (二 )绞车滚筒上钢丝绳排列不整齐的危害、原因及处理方法， 1绞车滚筒上钢丝绳排列不整齐的危害 (1)加快钢丝绳磨损。钢丝绳在滚筒上杂乱缠绕时，牵引受力绳经常要在杂乱排绳中挤出来又压进去，造成严重磨损，造成钢丝绳直径磨细和断丝增多，缩短了钢丝绳的使用寿命。 (2)造成钢丝绳滑出滚筒外。钢丝绳排列不整齐，必然产生堆挤现象，损坏护绳板，当堆挤高度超过滚筒

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