谈谈状语从句的省略在高考中的应用.doc

谈谈状语从句的省略在高考中的应用让我们先看下面几道历年高考试题：1.When_, the museum will be open to the public next year.A. completed B. completing C. being completed D. to be completed(2002年上海春季试题)答案：A 。分析：When completed, 是时间状语从句的省略，其之间省略了it is, 原句可变为：When it is completed, the museum will be open to the public next year.2.Unless_ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.A. invited B. inviting C. being invited D. having invited(2003年上海春季试题)答案：A 。分析：Unless_ to speak，是条件状语从句的省略，其之间省略了you are, 原句可变为：Unless you are invited to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.3.If_ the same treatment again, he is sure to get well.A. giving B. give C. given D. being given(1998年上海高考试题)答案：C 。分析：If_ the same treatment again, 也是条件状语从句的省略，其之间省略了he is, 原句可变为：If he is the same treatment again, he is sure to get well.4.It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when_ at the meeting by my boss.A. questioning B. having questioned C. questioned D. to be questioned(2004年甘肃、青海等省市高考试题)答案：C 。分析：when_ at the meeting by my boss. 是时间状语从句的省略，其之间省略了I was, 原句可变为：It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when I was questioned at the meeting by my boss.5. When first_ to the market, these products enjoyed great success.A. introducing B. introduced C. introduce D. being introduced(2004年吉林、四川等省市高考试题)答案：B 。分析：When first_ to the market, 也是时间状语从句的省略，其之间省略了they were, 原句可变为：When they were first introduced to the market, these products enjoyed great success.由此可见，我们在使用时间、地点、条件、让步、原因、比较或方式等之类的状语从句时，如果其中谓语部分含有to be的任何一种形式，而主语又与主句的主语相一致或主语为it时，为避免重复，使语言生动、自然、简洁，常可以省略从句德主语和谓语的部分，特别是动词be。这种现象称为状语从句的省略。下面做简要例析。一时间状语从句的省略。这类从句主要由when，while，as soon as，once，until等引导。例如：1.When (he was) still a boy of ten, he started working to support himself.2.Dont leave the machine till (you are) told to.3.Ill let you know as soon as (it is) arranged.但要注意，before和after虽然也可以用作连词引导时间状语从句，却不能用于这类省略主语和be的结构。例如：The plan should be discussed once again before it is carried out.上句不能改为：The plan should be discussed once again before carried out.上句也可以改为：The plan should be discussed once again before being carried out. (句中before不是连词而是介词，后面的being carried out是V-ing形式短语作介词的宾语，整个句子是简单句，而不是复合句。二 地点状语从句中的省略。主要由where, wherever引导。例如：1.He is always ready to help others wherever (he is) needed.2.You can add some words to your composition where (it is) necessary.三 条件状语从句的省略。主要由if，unless引导。例如：1.She wont go to his birthday party unless (she is ) invited.2.The news is quite important to us, if (it is) true.但若if引导的是表示假设的虚拟条件句，虽具备条件，可不能用于这类省略。这时如果if从句的谓语动词中含有were，had，should，则可以用倒装省略，即将were，had或should提到句首，而将连词if省略。例如：Were it not for you, I would also go there with them.Had you come here earlier, you would have met him.Should it be fine tomorrow, we would go for an outing.另外，当once作一旦，一经解，连接时间或条件状语从句，其主语与主句的主语相同或其主语为it + be时，常省略从句中的主语或it + be。例如：Once (it was) published, his work became famous for the absence of rhyme at the end of each line.Once (you) lose confidence, you can never expect to do your work well.四 让步状语从句的省略。主要由though，although，however，whatever，even if，even though，no matter how/what引导。例如：1.Though (he had been) defeated many times, he didnt lose heart.2.They worked very hard, though (he was) still rather weak.与if引导的虚拟条件从句不能用这类省略一样，as引导的让步状语从句同样不能省略。不过如果让步状语从句由as引导时，从句中的表语（一般是形容词或名词）或状语必须提前到as前，构成倒装。如果作表语的是单数可数名词，则还须省略不定冠词。例如：Poor as he was, he was honest.Hard as he tried, he still failed.Much as I like her, I wont marry her.Child as he is, he can express himself in good English.五 原因状语从句的省略。主要由because引导。例如：1.He decided not to watch the foot ball match because (he was) not himself.2.I forget to post the letter for you because (I was) too busy.六 比较状语从句的省略。主要由as，than引导。例如：1.In winter it is much colder in Beijing than (it is) in Shanghai.2.The project was completed earlier than (it was) expected.3.Mary is not so shy as (she was) a year ago when I first met her.七 方式状语从句的省略。主要由as，as if引导。例如：1.The old man sat at the corner alone, as if