中考英语：比较级和最高级.doc

中考英语：比较级和最高级清华大学英语系测试：为中小学生英语量身定做.官方网站：/ 清华大学英语教授研究组提供中考英语形容词与副词比较级与最高级用法形容词与副词的比较级：大多数形容词和副词有比较级和最高级的变化，即原级、比较级和最高级，用来表示事物的等级差别。原级即形容词的原形，比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。1规则变化单音节词和少数双音节词，加词尾-er，-est来构成比较级和最高级构成法原级比较级最高级一般单音节词未尾加-er,-esttall(高的) great(巨大的)taller greatertallest greatest以不发音的e结尾的单音节词和少数以- le结尾的双音节词只加-r,-stnice(好的) large(大的) able(有能力的)nicer larger ablernicest largest ablest以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节词，双写结尾的辅音字母，再加-er, -estbig(大的) hot(热的)bigger hotterbiggest hottest以辅音字母+y结尾的双音节词，改y为i，再加-er，-esteasy(容易的) busy(忙的)easier busiereasiest busiest少数以-er, -ow结尾的双音节词未尾加-er, -estclever(聪明的) narrow(窄的)cleverer narrowercleverestnarrowest其他双音节词和多音节词，在前面加more, most来构成比较级和最高级。important(重要的)easily(容易地)more importantmore easilymost important most easily2.不规则变化原级比较级最高级good(好的)/ well(健康的)betterbestbad (坏的)/ ill(有病的)worseworstold (老的)older/elderoldest/eldestmuch/many(多的)moremostlittle(少的)lessleastfar (远的)farther/furtherfarthest/furthest注意：（1）old 有两种比较级和最高级形式：older/oldest 和elder/eldest。 elder/eldest 只多用于兄弟姐妹的长幼关系。 My elder brother is an engineer. Mary is the eldest of the three sisters.（2）far 有两种比较级farther和further。在英语中两者都可指距离。在美语中，farther 表示距离，further表示进一步。 I have nothing further to say.3几个常用的基本句型： as + 形容词或副词原级 + as 形容词或副词比较级+ than the + 最高级 + 比较范围 as + 形容词或副词原级 + as（1）在否定句或疑问句中可用so as。 He cannot run so/as fast as you.（2）当as as 中间有名词时采用以下格式：as +adj.+ a/an +n.或as + many/much +n. This is as good an example as the other is. I can carry as much paper as you can.（3）用表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时，放在as的前面。 This room is twice as big as that one. Your room is the same size as mine.（4）倍数+ as + adj. + as= 倍数+ the + n. + of This bridge is three times as long as that one. =This bridge is three times the length of that one. Your room is twice as large as mine. =Your room is twice the size of mine.形容词或副词比较级+ thaneg: You are taller than I. The lights in your room are brighter than those in mine.注意：（1）要避免重复使用比较级。(错) He is more cleverer than his brother.(对) He is more clever than his brother.(对) He is cleverer than his brother.（2）要避免将主语含在比较对象中。(错) China is larger that any country in Asia.(对) China is larger than any other country in Asia.（3）要注意对应句型，遵循前后一致的原则。The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.（4）要注意冠词的使用，后有名词的时候，前面才有可能有冠词。比较：Which is large, Canada or Australia?Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia?She is taller than her two sisters.She is the taller of the two sisters.可修饰比较级的词（1）a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even等。 （2）还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语。（3）以上词(除by far)外，必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前面。 the + 最高级 + 比较范围（1）The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world. 形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词 the，副词最高级前可不用。形容词most前面没有the，不表示最高级的含义，只表示“非常”It is a most important problem.=It is a very important problem.注意：使用最高级要注意将主语包括在比较范围内。(错)Tom is the tallest of his three brothers.(对)Tom is the tallest of the three brothers.（2）下列词可修饰最高级：by far, far, much, mostly, almostThis hat is nearly / almost the biggest.very可修饰最高级，但位置与much不同。This is the very best.This is much the best.序数词通常只修饰最高级。Africa is the second largest continent.（3）句型转换： Mike is the most intelligent in his class. Mike is more intelligent than any other students in his class.（4）“否定词语+比较级”与“否定词语+ so as”结构表示最高级含义 Nothing is so easy as this. =Nothing is easier than this. =This is the easiest thing. 和比较级（more等）有关的词组（1）the +比较级, the + 比较级越就越The harder you work, the greater progress youll make.（2）more B than A与其说A不如说B (= less A than B) He is more lazy than slow at his work. = He is less slow than lazy at his work. 与其说他做事慢，不如说他懒。 （3）no more than 与一样，不比多 no less than与一样 The officials could see no more than the Emperor. =The officials could see as little as the Emperor. 官员们所见并不比皇帝多。 ( 指都少 ) He is no less diligent than you. =He is as diligent as you. 他和你一样勤奋。 （4）more than不只是，非常 She is more than kind to us all.一形容词比较级练习1.Bobneverdoeshishomework_Mary.Hemakeslotsofmistakes.A.socarefulas B.ascarefullyas C.carefullyas D.ascarefulas2.Nowairinourtownis_thanitusedtobe.Somethingmustbedonetoit.A.verygood B.muchbetter C.ratherthan D.evenworse3.Ifeel_betterthanyesterday. A.more B.very C.the D.far4.Chinahasalargepopulationthan_intheworld.A.allthecountries B.everycountry C.anycountry D.anyothercountry5.Thisbookis_onthesubject.A.themuchbest B.muchthebest C.verymuchbest D.verythebest6.Thesickboyisgetting_daybyday. A. worse B.bad C.badly D.worst7.Thisnecklacelooks_and_sells_.A.well,wellB.good,niceC.nice,goodD.nice,well8.DoctorWang_heartoperationA.isinterestedonB.likedoingC.doeswellinD.isgoodat9.thepopulationofShandongis_thanthatSichuan.A.smallerB.largerC.lessD.large10.Ididntgoshoppingyesterday. Hedidnt_.A.soB.eitherC.tooC.neither11._deliciousthefoodis!A. How B.howa C.What D.Whata12.Whatanimaldolike_?Ilikeallkindsofanimals.A.betterB.bestC.veryD.well13.Hainanisaverylargeisland.Itsthesecond_islandinChina.A. large B.larger C.largest D.mostlarge14.Ifyouwanttobookaroundtripticket, youllhavetopay_$30.A. moreB.otherC.theotherD.another15.Ahorseis_thanadog.A. muchheavyB. moreheavierC. muchheavierD. moreheavy16.Whichis_seasoninBeijing?Ithinkitsspring.A. good B. well C.best D. thebest17.UsuallyXiaoLispends_timedoinghomeworkthanXiaoChendoes.A. little Bless C.few D.fewer18.IlikedtoplayfootballwhenIwasyoung._.A. Sohewas B. Sowashe C. Sodidhe D.Sohedid二.用所给词的恰当形式填空。1.Whichis_(big),thesun, themoonortheearth?2.Whichis_(beautiful),theblackcoatortheblueone?3.thismoon cakeis_(cheap)ofall.4.Heis_(strong)intheclass.5.Englishis_(widely)spokenintheworld.答案一.1.B2.D3.D4.D5.B6.A7.D8.C9.B10.B11.A12.B13.C14.D15C16.D17.B18.C二.1.thebiggest2.morebeautiful3.thecheapest4.thestrongest5.the语法专项II 动词一. 动词是表示动作或处于某种状态的词，它分为行为动词，系动词、助动词和情态动词，动词种类多，变化又复杂，是学习英语的难点之一，下面根据动词的特点进行归类，并提供一些辨别方法，以便于理解和掌握。 1. 行为动词在动词中数量最多，它含有实在的意义（又叫实义动词），表示动作或状态，在句中可以单独作谓语，行为动词又分为及物动词和不及物动词，及物动词后面必须加宾语，意义才完整，不及物动词后面不能直接带宾语，常需要在宾语前加介词才能带宾语。 eg: We study English very hard. She has a book in her hand. The sun rises in the east. 2. 连系动词本身有一定词义，但不能独立作谓语，必须与表语一起构成谓语，常见的连系动词有：be, look, sound, get, become等。 eg: My parents are both farmers. The milk tastes terrible. The song sounds good. 3. 助动词本身无词义，不能独立作谓语，必须和主要动词构成谓语，表示疑问，否定，时态或其它语法形式。常见的助动词有：be, have, do, will, shall等。 eg: Do you have a brother? Have you got an English-Chinese dictionary? I didnt go to the cinema yesterday. 4. 情态动词本身有词义，但不能独立作谓语，只能和主要动词一起构成谓语，表示说话者的语气和情态，情态动词没有人称和数的变化，情态动词本身可以构成疑问和否定，常见的情态动词有：can, may, must, will, shall, need等。 eg: Can you sing the English song? Everyone must get to school on time. 二. 动词的时态：（一）时态概述：作谓语的动词用来表示动作（情况）发生时间的各种形式称为时态，英语中的时态，就是通过特殊的动词词尾或加一些相关的助动词be, have（has）等，用来表示动作或事件发生的不同时间和方面。 eg: He reads newspapers every day. He read the newspaper yesterday. He is going to read the newspaper tomorrow. （二）一般现在时： 1. 动词变化：一般现在时主要用动词原形表示，但第三人称单数后要加词尾-s，另外be和have有特殊的人称形式。 在加词尾-s时要注意：情况加法例词一般情况加-sreads, writes, says以ch, sh, s, x, 或o收尾的词加-esteaches, washes, guesses, fixes, goes以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词变y为i再加-estrytriescarrycarries读音：情况读法例词在ptkf等清辅音后shelps, hates, asks, laughs在sztd3等音后izfaces, rises, wishes, watches, urges在其他情况下zplans, cries, shows 2. 一般现在时主要表示： （1）经常性或习惯性的动作，常与这样的时间状语连用：always, often, usually, sometimes等 eg: We always help each other. It often snows in winter. I get up early every morning. （2）表示主语现在的特征、性格、能力等。 eg: He loves sports. Jane is an outgoing girl. Tom and Tim both have medium height. （3）表示客观、普遍真理 eg: Two and four makes six. Water boils at 100 The moon moves round the earth. 3. 一般现在时的疑问句一般以在句首加助动词do，does的方式构成。第三人称单数加does，其他加do，这时动词一概用原形；动词be只需与主语位置对调就行了。 eg: Do you like English? Do they have story books? What does she do every evening? Is she at home? Are you good at English? 4. 一般现在时的否定式是do not（dont）或does not （doesnt）动词原形来构成的，be动词做谓语动词只需在be后加not构成否定。 eg: I dont like oranges at all. She doesnt work in the TV station. They arent students. Im not busy every weekend. 三. 现在进行时： 1. 动词变化：现在进行时由“am /is /are动词现在分词”构成。加-ing的规则如下： （1）一般在动词原形末尾加-ing。如： staystayingdodoing listenlisteningsuffersuffering workworkingspendspending looklooking （2）以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，先去掉e，再加-ing。如： makemakingtaketaking givegivingrideriding pleasepleasingrefuserefusing closeclosingoperateoperating （3）以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ing。如： putputtingsitsitting runrunningwinwinning beginbeginning 2. 现在进行时的用法 （1）表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作，这时可以不用时间状语，也可以和now, at present, at the moment等时间状语连用。有时用一个动词，如look（看），listen（听）。 eg: What are you reading now? Listen! Someone is singing in the classroom. （2）表示当前一段时期的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。 eg: They are working in a factory these days. More and more people are giving up smoking. （3）表示最近按计划或安排要进行的动作。 现在进行时有时可表示一个在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作，即可以用来代替将来时。 eg: When are you leaving? Are you going to Tibet tomorrow? 3. 现在进行时的否定句和疑问句比较简单。否定句在be（am, is, are）后面加not；疑问句把be动词移到主语前。 eg: I am not working. What are you reading now? How are you feeling today? The train isnt arriving soon. 四. 一般过去时： 1. 动词变化：一般过去时主要表示过去的动作或状态，在句中由主语动词的过去式来表达。构成规则原形过去式一般在动词末尾加-edworkplantplayworkedplantedplayed结尾是e的动词在末尾加-dlikelivechangelikedlivedchanged末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-edplan（计划）stopdropplannedstoppeddropped以辅音字母加y结尾的，先变y为i再加-edcarrystudycrycarriedstudiedcried否定式疑问式否定疑问式简单回答I did not work. Did I work? Did I not work? Yes, you did. No, you didnt. You did not work. Did you work? Did you not work? Yes, I did. No, I didnt. He / She / It did not work. Did he / she / it work? Did he / she / it not work? Yes, he / she / it /did. No, he /she /it didnt. We did not work. Did we work? Did we not work? Yes, you did. No, you didnt. You did not work. Did you work? Did you not work? Yes, we did. No, we didnt. They did not work. Did they work? Did you they not work? Yes, they did. No, they didnt. 2. 一般过去时的基本用法： （1）带有确定的过去时间状语时，要用过去时。（eg: yesterday, last year, just now, two days ago, in the old days等） eg: He left just now. Lei Feng was a good soldier. What did you have for breakfast this morning? （2）表示过去某一段时间内经常或反复发生的动作，这时常和表示频度的状语连用。 eg: Last term we often did experiments. He always went to work by bus. 五. be going to 表示一般将来 1. 用法：表示现在打算在最近或将来要做的事，或表示说话人根据已有的迹象认为很有可能要发生的事情，be随着人称的变化变成（am, is, are） eg: We are going to have a new subject this year. Its going to rain this afternoon. Im going to be a pilot when I grow up. 2. be going to 的否定句在be动词后加上not；be going to 的疑问句把be动词移到主语前。 eg: He isnt going to see his brother tomorrow. Im not going to tell you about it. Whos going to use it? Is your sister going to bring your lunch? What are you going to do next Sunday. 【模拟试题】（答题时间：70分钟）一. 改错： 例1：The rose dark red. The rose is dark red. 1. He very likes swimming. 2. He can helps you. 3. We havent a good time. 4. What are you do after school every day? 5. Sometimes I listen music. sometimes I play outside. 6. The fish smells not good. 7. We should buy some chicken. There are little left. 8. There have many birds in the sky. 9. My mothers glasses is broken. 10. A pair of shoes are nearly one thousand. 11. What colour are her hair? 12. Does he his homework? 13. A: Do you like your class? B: Yes. I like. 14. He always do his shopping on Friday evening. 15. I very sorry I forgot your birthday. 16. I have no brother and sister. 二. 连词组句： 1. listen, morning, the, to, I, radio, the, in, often 2. of, men, nurses, good, sick, hospital, care, in, take, the 3. weekdays, he, the, goes, cinema, never, during, the, to 4. computer, got, new, you, a, have? 5. weekends, he, rest, does, a, got, have, on? 6. good, Li Ming, do, and, often, I deeds 7. museum, they, the, often, science, visit, how, do? 8. the, in, any, there, kitchen, food, is? 9. homework, does, day, when, Tom, his, every, where, and, do? 10. a, there, vegetables, many, but, apples, arent, lot, there, of, are, there三. 用括号里的动词的适当形式填空： 1. There （be）_some glasses on it. 2. He （go）_to the park every day. 3. My uncle （live）_ in Nanjing now. 4. _ Lucy and Lily （like）_China? 5. Li Lei（not like）_ to drink orange soda. 6. The girl （go）_ home at 4:30 in the afternoon. 7. _ Kate （speak）_ French? Yes, she does. 8. Jim （not ride）_his bike often. 9. If he （be）_ free tomorrow, he （go）_ with us. 10. As soon as they （get）_ there next month, he （call）_me. 11. _Li Mings father （have）_ his lunch at home? 12. Tom （not do）_the morning exercises often. 13. I （be）_ hungry and my sister （be）_ thirsty. 14. The baby （have）_ curly hair. 15. Everybody （have）_ a chance to win. 16. I （clean）_ my room once a week. 17. Nobody（tell）_ them anything. 18. There （be）_ a lot of chicken on the plate. 19. Mr. Li （teach）_ the second grade. 20. The boy （watch）_ TV every evening. 21. Mary （play）_the violin quite well. 22. David （study）_Chinese and I （study）_ English. 23. The game （be）_ interesting. 24. Many children （be）_ on the playground. 25. He （have）_ a good time at your party. 26. I （have）_ a new bicycle. 四. 用所给词的适当形式填空： 1. Tom and his father _（swim）now. 2. Look! They _（run）along the street. 3. We _（practice）hard these days because we will have a big match next month. 4. What _he _（do）at nine oclock last night? 5. They _（listen）to the music at that time. 6. When the headmaster came in, the students_（read）the text. 7. We _（watch）TV when suddenly the telephone rang. 8. She _（make）the paper flowers the whole night. 9. A: _ you _（studying）English? B: Yes, I am. 10. Lets go out. It _（not rain）now. 11. Hurry up! Everybody _（wait）for you. 12. A: _（you / listen）to the radio? B: No, You can turn it off. 13. I _（watch）TV at seven oclock yesterday evening. 14. A: What _（you / look）for? B: I _（look）for my wallet. There is something important in it. 15. Look. It _（rain）hard. Well get wet if we go out. 五. 选词填空：（一）选词填空： 1. I _（am, is, was, were）busy last week. 2. Tom and I _（am, are, was, were）late for school yesterday. 3. I _（walk, walks, walked, walking）to school the other day. 4. Rose _（does not, didnt, has been, has to）visit her uncle the month before last（month） 5. There _（is, was, are, were）a lot of people in this village ten years ago. 6. Mother _（am, is, was, were）ill in bed last night. 7. It _（rain, rains, rained, raining）a lot last year. （二）用括号中动词的适当形式填空： 1. My uncle in London _（send）a birthday present to me yesterday. 2. When _（be）you born? 3. As soon as he arrived in the country, he _（phone）me. 4. When I _（knock）at his door, he was cooking. 5. We were watching TV when the light _（go）out. 6. He said he _（not like）maths at all. （三）用括当的词完成下列句子。 1. _you make this cake last night? Yes. I did. I _it for you. 2. Did Tom _ home at five yesterday? No, he _. He came home at six. 3. What _ you _ at the store? I bought a camera. 4. Were you at home yesterday? Yes, I _. 5. Where did you catch the fish? I _ it in the river near my house. 六. 完成下列句子： 1. 你长大了想当什么？我打算当个电脑程序员。 What _ you _ _ _ when you _ _? Im _ to _ a _ _. 2. 你哥哥长大了打算当什么？他打算当个专业的篮球运动员。 What _ your brother _ _ _ when he _ _? Hes _ to _ a _ _ player. 3. 你打算怎么做？我打算学计算机学。_ are you _ _ _ that? Im _ _ _ computer _. 4. 你哥哥打算怎么做？他打算每天练篮球。 _ is your brother _ _ _? Hes _ _ _ basketball every day. 5. 她打算下学期上一些表演课吗？是的。 _ she _ _ _ some _ lessons? Yes, she _. 【试题答案】 1. He likes swimming. 2. He can help you. 3. We dont have a good time. 4. What do you do after school every day