热力学 附录1-6.doc

附录1. 热力学数据物质状态Ags0042.55Agg284.5245.7172.89Ag+AgFAgClAgBrAgIAlAlAl3+Al3+AsAsAs4O6AsH3BBB2O3B2O3B2H6BF3BaBaBa2+BaOBaO2Ba(OH)2BeBe2+BeOBe(OH)2Br2Br2Br2BrBr-Br-HBrBrO3-BrFBrClCCCCOCO2CH4C2H6C(CH3)4CN-HCNCF4CCl4CS2CS2CaCa2+CaOCaO2Ca(OH)2CaSCa(NO3)2CaCO3CaCO3CdCd2+CdOCeCe3+Ce4+Cl2Cl2Cl-,HClCl2OHClOClO4-ClF3CoCo2+Co3+CoCl2CrCr2+CrO42-Cr2O72-HCrO42-CrCl2CrCl3CsCs+CsO2CuCuCu+Cu2+CuOCuCl2DyDyDy3+Dy2O3ErErEr3+Er2O3ErCl3EuEu2+Eu3+Eu2O3F2F-HFHFFeFe2+GdGd3+Gd2O3GdCl3GeGeO2GeH4Ge2H6H2HH+H+H-OHOH-OH-H2OH2OH2O2H2O2HgHgHg2+Hg2+HgOHgCl2Hg2Cl2HoHoHo3+Ho2O3I2I2I2II-I-HIIO3-IFIClIBrKKK+K+K2O2KO2KFKHF2KN3KBF4LiLiLi+Li+Li2OLiFLiHF2LiN3Li2CO3MgMgMg2+MgOMg(OH)2Mg(NO3)2MgCO3MnMnMn2+MnOMnO4-MnO42-MnF2MnCl2MnBr2MnI2N2NN3-NONO+NO2NO2-NO3-N2ON2O3N2O4N2O4N2O5NH2NH3N2H4N2H4NH4+NH4+NH2OHNH3H2OHNO2HNO2NF2NF3N2F4NCl3NOFNOClNH4FNH4ClNH4BrNH4INaNaNa+Na+Na2ONa2O2NaO2NaFNaHF2Na2CO3NdNdNd3+Nd2O3NiNiNi2+Ni2+NiClO2OO-O2+O3PPPP2P4PO43-P4O5P4O10PH3P2H4H3PO3H3PO3PF3PCl3PCl3PBr3PI3PF5PCl5PCl5POF3POCl3PH4ClPH4BrPH4IPbPbPb2+Pb2+PbOPbF2PbCl2PbI2RaRa2+Ra2+RaORa(NO3)2RbRbRb+Rb+Rb2ORb2O2RbO2SSS2-S2S42-S52-S2SOSO2SO3SO3SO42-S2O82-HSHSH2SH2SH2S4H2S6H2S6H2SO4H2SO4SF2SCl2SF4SF5SF6SF5ClSO2F2SO2ClFSO2Cl2(CH3)2SO2SbSbSb4SbH3SbCl3SbBr3ScScSc3+Sc3+ScCl3SeSeH2SeSeCl2Se2Cl2SeBr2Se2Br2SiSiSi2SiOSiO2SiO2SiH4Si2H6Si3H8SiF4SiCl4SiCl4SiBr4Si3N4SiCSnSnSnSnH4SnCl4SnBr4Sn(CH3)4SrSrSr2+Sr2+SrOSrO2Sr(OH)2Sr(NO3)2SrCO3TeTeH2TeTeH6TiTiTiCl2TiCl3TlTlTl+Tl2+Tl3+Tl+Tl2+TlClTlCl3TlCl4-VVVCl2VClXeXeXeF2XeF4XeF6YYY3+Y3+Y2O3YCl3ZnZnZn2+Zn2+ZnOZnF2ZnCO3aqsssssggaqsgggsgsgggsggssssgsslgaqggaqgaqgggraphitediamondggggggaqaqgllgsaqssssscalcitearagonitesaqssaqaqgaqaqgaqaqgsaqaqssaqaqaqaqsssaqssgaqaqsssgaqssgaqsssaqaqsgaqgaqsgsaqssssgggggaqgggaqlglglggaqredsssgaqssgaqggaqgaqgggsggaqsssssssggaqssssssgaqsssssgaqsaqaqssssggggggaqaqgglgcubicgglggaqslgaqggglggsssssggaqgssssssgaqssggaqsgggggwhiteredgggaqshexagonalggsaqglggsgsgggssssggaqredssssgaqsssggaqsssrhombicgaqgaqaqggg-sgaqaqgaqgaqlgllgggggggggggsgggggsggaqsblackggggggggggquartzggggglggscubicwhitegraygggggsggaqssssssgggsgsssggggaqaqssaqsgssgggggsggaqsssggaqsss105.58-204.6-127.06-100.37-61.840326.45484.0-5310302.5-120966.40562.7-1272.8-836.035.6-1173.001801660.5-553.5-634.3-994.702993.2-609.6-905.8030.907-2.59111.88-233.9-121.50-36.40-83.7-58.614.6401.897716.68-110.52-393.51-74.81-84.68-166.0150.6107.1-925-135.4489.70117.360-542.83-635.1-652.7-986.1-482.4-938.4-1206.9-1207.00-75.90-258.20-700.4-5760-23.4-167.0880.3-120.9129.33-163.20-58.2-312.50-114-881.2-1490.3-878.2-395.4-556.50-258.04-259.80338.371.764.77-157.3-220.10290.4-696.5-18630316.4-705-1898-9950-527.8-605.6-16630-232.63-271.1-320.102752.20-687.0-1827-1007.60-551.090.8162.30217.971536.20139.7039.0-140.88-229.99-285.83-241.82-187.78-136.31061.322890.4171.1-90.83-224.3-265.220300.6-707-1881062.43822.6106.84-196.6-56.9026.5-221.3-94.817.840.8089.24514.17-252.17-495.8-280.3-568.6-928.41.3-1887.00159.4685.63-279.46-598.7-616.9-945.310.8-1216.00147.7-466.85-601.7-924.5-790.65-1095.80280.7-220.75-385.2-541.4-652-795-481.3-384.9-2470472.7018190.2598933.18-104.6-207.3682.083.72-19.509.16-43.1172-46.1150.695.4619-132.51-114.2-361.2-79.5-119.243.1-124.7-7.1230-66.551.7-463.9-314.4-270.8-201.40107.1603.36-40.300-418.0-513.2-260.7-575.4-915.1-1130.80326.9-696.6-18120429.72930.1-54.0-305.330249.17101.631177.7142.70-17.6314.6144.358.91-1277.4-1640.1-2984.05.420.9-964.4-964.8-918.8-319.7-287.0-139.3-45.6-1595.8-443.5-374.9-1254.4-558.5-145.2-127.6-69.80195.02373.4-1.7-219.0-664.0-359.4-175.501631-527.6-523-992080.88490.03-251.12-330.1-425.5-264.00278.8133.1128.3723.021.3102.306.3-297.04-454.51-395.72-909.27-1338.9142.7-17.6-20.63-39.7-12.533.4-8.3-813.99-741-297-19.7-763-976.5-1220.5-1048.1-769.7-564.0-382.1-372.80262.3205.0145.1-313.8-194.60377.84694.5-614.2-925.10227.129.7-31.817-21290455.6594-99.6-910.94-32234.380.3120.9-1614.9-687.0-657.0-415.5-743.5-65.30-2.09302.1162.8-471.5-314.6-18.80164.41790.6-545.80-592.0-633.5-959.0-978.2-1220.10196.799.6-13690469.9-513.8-720.90182.2777.732754.95639.25.36196.6-204.14-315.1-519.20514.2-452-580.701176.5-107.0-206.2-279.00421.34214-715-1864-9960130.732782.7-153.89-348.28-764.4-812.7877.12-109.80-96.90-66.190285.8-4850261.1-109868.90518.8-1193.7-825.386.6-1120.30146-525.10-580.3-817.603.1423.9382.43-104.04-53.421.7-73.8-0.9602.900671.29-137.15-394.36-50.75-32.89-15.23172.4119.7-879-65.2765.2767.150-553.54-604.0-898.6-477.4-743.2-1128.8-1127.70-77.74-228.40-676-50606.90-131.2997.9-79.9-8.62-123.00-54.51320-727.8-1301.2-764.8-356.1-486.20-291.700298.650.065.52-129.7-175.70-6640-6690-541-5740-278.82-273.2-296.900-6640-497.1113.40203.26034.2-157.29-237.18-228.59-120.42-105.600-31.85164.4-58.56-178.7-210.780-675019.35916.4270.28-51.931.7-128.0-117.75.43.70-282.48-538.9-860.4-17850-292.61-562.1-588.7-1132.20113.1-454.80-569.4-833.6-589.5-1012.10238.5-228.0-362.9-447.2-501-440.50455.5886.5751.30-37.2-111.34104.2139.4194.4597.82113.8-16.48149.2159.3-79.37-254.1-46.0-55.657.7-83.381.2-51.066.1-348.8-203.0-175.3-112.5078.33-261.88-379.1-449.7-218.7-545.1-1048.10-6720384.5-45.6-259.060231.75163.20-12.1278.3103.824.48-1018.8-2697.813.4-897.5-272.4-267.8-162.8-305.0-1205.8-513.0-47.70.20161.9-24.4-188.9-617.1-314.1-173.60-561.5-7960-283.610238.2885.879.3369.065.749.66-19.8-300.19-368.99-371.08-774.63-1110.4113.312.05-33.56-27.87-690.06-303-722-912.1-1116.5-949.30222.2141.4147.7-301.2-223.80336.1-586.60187.115.90411.3536-126.4-850.6756.9127.2-1572.7-619.9-617.0-431.8-642.7-62.800.13267.4188.3-432.2-331.40131.0-559.44-561.9-780.1-1140.10157.10425.1-464.4-653.50147.4-32.38214.6-184.93-421.70453.2-406-511.300-685095.18-147.03-318.32-713.5-731.5772.6896.23107.11115.528.33164.43-32235.1174.10381222.675.86153.3454.0283.7232.0254.062.8170.1370.429.5014.150152.23245.354130.5174.9182.84198.59163.2228.9240.05.7402.377157.99197.56213.64186.15229.49306.494.1124.7261.5216.40151.34237.7341.4-53.139.7583.456.5193.392.988.751.76-61.154.872.0-205-419222.9612156.73266.10142.3182.0281.5030.04-11323.7750.2261.9184.1115.3123.085.23132.833.15166.2740.6-99.642.6108.174.8-23173.2-22477.8-10-222202.67-13.8173.6788.727.2868.1-20631.0955.3217.02130.57114.600183.64-10.869.91188.715109.6232.676.02174.85-32.270.29146.0192.575.3-227116.14260.58137.2180.68106.70206.48118.4236.2247.4258.6664.68101.0466.55104.613439.1211.3037.8935.6690.1732.68148.54-138.126.9463.18164.065.6932.01173.59-73.059.71171.259118.2191.50153.19210.65239.95140.2146.4219.74312.17209.2304.2178.2192.34121.2238.4113.4165.6254.0152.7249.83260.6301.1248.0261.672.094.611311751.30147.8458.4175.0494.8115.951.21138.871.5-20729.87182.08-128.997.65205.03160.946238.841.0922.80163.084218.02279.87-222228.9210.12273.13217.1311.67347.98364.47285.0325.3110.0123.064.81175.2610.566.5110.5138.0174.8715422276.78120.4631.80167.71-14.6228.07103.3140.6430.87221.84248.1152.3256.6520.1248.1195.662.8205.7121156.90257.6299.6322.6291.6319.145.69180.16351232.67337.69372.7534.64174.68-25542.44176.6218.918.83167.86229.79211.5041.84204.5272.5282.38239.7330.6377.8101.316.6151.5444.14168.38227.57365.7411.852.3164.5-32.654.4194.697.149.71182.6330.63180.1987.4139.764.18180.85125.5-192111.2524328.91182.1997.1131.0169.5744.4-25141.63160.87-112.143.6473.6882.4附录2 一些弱电解质在水溶液中的解离常数酸温度t/CKapKa亚硫酸H2SO318(Ka1) 1.5410-21.8118(Ka2) 1.0210-76.91磷酸H3PO425(Ka1) 7.5210-32.1225(Ka2) 6.2510-87.2118(Ka3) 2.210-1312.67亚硝酸HNO312.54.610-43.37氢氟酸HF253.5310-43.45甲酸HCOOH201.7710-43.75醋酸CH3COOH251.7610-54.75碳酸H2CO325(Ka1) 4.3010-76.3725(Ka2) 5.6110-1110.25氢硫酸H2S18(Ka1) 9.110-87.0418(Ka2) 1.110-1211.96次氯酸HClO182.9510-87.53硼酸H3BO320(Ka1) 7.310-109.14氢氰酸HCN254.9310-109.31碱KbpKb氨NH3251.7710-54.75附录3 一些共轭酸碱的解离常数酸Ka碱KbHNO24.610-4NO2-2.210-11HF3.5310-4F-2.8310-11HCOOH1.7710-4COOH-5.6510-11HAc1.7610-5Ac-5.6810-10H2CO34.310-7HCO3-2.310-8H2S9.110-8HS-1.110-7H2PO46.2310-8HPO42-1.6110-7NH4+5.6510-10NH31.7710-5HCN4.9310-10CN-2.0310-5HCO3-5.6110-11CO32-1.7810-4HS-1.110-12S2-9.110-3HPO42-2.210-12PO43-4.510-2附录4 一些配离子的稳定常数Kf配离子KflgKf配离子KflgKfAgBr2-2.141077.33Cu(SCN)2-1.521055.18Ag(CN)2-1.26102121.1Fe(CN)63-1104242.0AgCl2-1.101055.04HgBr42-1102121.0AgI2-5.5101111.74Hg(CN)42-2.51104141.4Ag(NH3)3+1.121077.05HgCl42-1.17101515.07Ag(S2O3)23-2.89101313.46HgI42-6.76102929.83Co(NH3)62+1.291055.11Ni(NH3)62+5.501088.74Cu(CN)2-1102424.0Ni(en)32+2.14101818.33Cu(NH3)2+7.24101010.86Zn(CN)42-5.0101616.7Cu(NH3)42+2.09101313.32Zn(NH3)42+2.871099.46Cu(P2O7)26-11099.0Zn(en)22+6.76101010.83附录5 一些物质的溶度积Ksp（25C） 难溶电解质Ksp难溶电解质Ksp难溶电解质KspAgAc1.9410-3AgBr5.3510-13AgCl1.7710-10AgI8.5110-17Ag2CO38.4510-12Ag2C2O45.4010-12Ag2CrO41.1210-12Ag2SO41.2010-5Ag3PO48.8810-17Al(OH)31.1110-33BaCO32.5810-9BaCrO41.1710-10Ba(OH)2H2O2.5510-4BaSO41.0710-10Bi2S31.8210-99CaCO34.9610-9CaC2O4H2O2.3410-9CaF21.4610-10Ca(OH)24.6810-6CaSO47.1010-5Ca3(PO4)22.0710-33CdS1.4010-29CuC2O44.4310-10CuCl1.7210-7CuI1.2710-12CuS1.2710-36Cu2S2.2610-48Cu3(PO4)21.3910-37FeCO33.0710-11Fe(OH)24.8710-17Fe(OH)32.6410-39FeS1.5910-19HgI22.8210-29Hg(OH)23.1310-26HgS(黑)6.4410-53HgS(红)2.0010-53Hg2Cl21.4510-18KClO41.0510-2MgCO36.8210-6Mg(OH)25.6110-12MnS4.6510-14NiCO31.4210-7Ni(OH)25.4710-5PbCO31.4610-13PbCl21.1710-5Pb(OH)21.4210-20PbS9.0410-29PbSO41.8210-8ZnCO31.1910-10ZnS2.9310-25Cd(OH)25.2710-15附录6 标准电极电势（25）电 极 反 应E/V在酸性溶液中Li+ + e- Li-3.024Ba2+ + 2e- Ba-2.9Ca2+ + 2e- Ca-2.87Na+ + e- Na-2.7141/2H2 + e- H-2.23Al3+ + 3e- Al-1.67Mn2+ + 2e- Mn-1.18TiO2+ + 2H+ + 4e- Ti + H2O-0.89Zn2+ + 2e- Zn-0.762Cr3+ + 3e- Cr-0.71O2 + e- O2-0.56As + 3H+ + 3e- AsH3-0.54Fe2+ + 2e- Fe-0.441Cr3+ + e- Cr2+-0.41PbSO4 + 2e- Pb + SO42-0.35