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双层停车库升降设备的设计

任务书

毕业设计（论文）题目双层停车停车库升降设备的设计

毕业设计（论文）主要内容和要求：

1.调研相关产品，搜集相关资料。

2.分析资料，拟定可行的设计方案。

3.对比方案，确定最终方案。

4.详细设计零件结构。

5.绘制零件图。

6.撰写设计说明书。

要求该设备能够将停车平台升起和降下，最大承载2.5吨，最大升降高度2.5m，要求运行平稳、可靠，操作方便、灵活。

毕业设计（论文）主要参考资料：

1.机械设计手册

2.机械设计教材

3.液压与气动教材

4 停车设备

毕业设计（论文）应完成的主要工作：

1.确定最终方案。

2.详细设计。

3.用计算机绘制较完整的装配图及相关零件图。不少于2张0号图纸。

4.撰写设计说明书一篇，不少于6000字，论文格式按照科技论文的写作格式进行。

5.完成3000字英文文献翻译一份。（与课题相关的内容）

6.完成开题报告一份

7.完成文献综述一份

摘要

随着中国人口和经济的快速发展，人们的生活水平有了非常显著的提高。近些年来，人们的出行几乎与私家车形影不离，特别是城市人口。然而，在中国是一个人口大国这一基本国情下，在出行远行变得方便、交通变得便捷的同时，“停车难”这一问题成为了随之而来的必然结果。因此，立体停车库将成为未来停车场的主题。双层停车库升降设备的设计，是立体停车库必不可少的部分，本次设计分为钢体结构的校核和升降设备的校核两大部分，将实现基本的停车平台升起和下降动作，满足最大承载2.5吨，最大升降高度2.5m，运行平稳、可靠，操作方便、灵活等设计要求。

关键词：升降设备；钢体结构；校核；设计

Abstract

With the rapid development of China's population and economy, people's living standard had the very significant improvement. In recent years, the travel of people with private cars almost inseparable, especially the urban population. However,China is a populous country, under this basic national condition ,and the travel transportation becomes convenient, the "parking" this problem has become the inevitable result of subsequent at the same time. Therefore, parking equipment will become the theme of the parking in the future. Double parking garage design of lifting equipment, is a crucial part of the parking equipment, the design of steel structure is divided into three parts: the check of the steel structure and the check of lifting mechanism, it will implement the parking platform rises and fall of the basic actions, meet the maximum load of 2.5 tons, maximum lifting height 2.5 m, smooth operation, reliable, easy to operate, such as flexible design requirements.

Keyword: Lifting equipment；Steel structure; Check; design

1 绪论1

1.1立体车库的概述1

1.2立体车库的研究现状1

1.2.1国外立体车库的研究现状1

1.2.2国内立体车库的研究现状2

1.3双层停车库升降设备的设计目的和意义2

1.4主要设计内容3

2 总体方案的拟定3

2.1双层停车库升降设备的原理3

2.2双层停车库各部分的设计3

2.2.1载车板的设计3

2.2.2外部支架的设计3

2.2.3升降机构的设计4

2.2.4电机的选择4

2.2.5卷筒的尺寸设计4

2.2.6设计数据及要求4

3 各部分的计算4

3.1载车板的校核4

3.2钢丝绳的校核7

3.3横梁的校核7

3.4立柱的校核11

3.5电机的选择11

3.6减速器的选择12

3.7卷筒的设计13

4 结论14

参考文献15

致谢16

1 绪论

1.1立体车库的概述

我国的汽车行业发展势头迅猛，汽车数量正在逐年上升，对立体车库的需求量越来越大。立体车库有诸多优点，在占地面积相同的情况下，立体车库的停车效率是普通车库的双倍甚至更高，立体车库在管理上也变得很方便。随着经验的积累，立体车库的控制系统也变得越来越智能，操作简单且安全可靠。从另一方面讲，立体车库的发展解放了大量劳动力，从而使他们的时间可以应用到其他方面。总之，立体车库将成为社会发展必不可少的工具。

垂直升降类立体车库在我国的发展比较快，，特别是一些电梯企业，由于垂直升降类立体车库的原理与电梯的工作原理相似，已经开始着手设计。据不完全统计，我国的停车设备公司已经向社会提供了2100多车位的垂直升降类立体车库，占各类机械式立体车库车位数量排名第3位。

垂直升降类立体车库的发展是跟我国的国情相符合的，我国人口众多，私家车众多，人均占地面积少，而垂直升降类立体车库可以建得很高，平面和空间利用率是普通车库的几倍甚至数十倍。垂直升降类立体车库的安全措施也比较齐全，控制系统非常先进，运行平稳，管理人员只需电脑操作就能实现车辆的存取。

本次设计的主要结构包括载车板、车库钢架、升降机构、减速系统。

升降机构通过载车板实现车辆的上升和下降动作，并可以使车辆准确平稳的到达或离开要停放的车库位置。升降机构以钢丝绳加卷筒的形式实现，由电机、减速器、卷筒、滑轮、钢丝绳等构件组成，电机和减速器之间，减速器和卷筒之间用联轴器连接；车库钢架主要用来承受车库自身的重量以及汽车和载车板的重量。车库钢架采用4立柱式，车库钢架的支柱在支撑整体重量的同时作为滑轮的导轨，起到平衡和束缚载车板运动轨迹的作用；载车板最高可以上升到2.5米。

1.2立体车库的研究现状

1.2.1国外立体车库的研究现状

国外的立体车库起步比较早，技术已经非常成熟。以美国、日本、德国为例，70年代末的经济迅速发展，使汽车行业迅速膨胀，停车技术应运而生。停车设备由一开始的家庭式双层停车库发展到后来的停车楼停车塔，车库的种类也从单一的简易升降类变为升降横移类、巷道堆垛类、垂直升降类等，每种类型的立体车库都有其特点。升降横移类立体车库建设周期短，成本低，比较经济。巷道堆垛类立体车库成本比较高，适合车位多的情况下使用。垂直升降类的立体车库高度非常高，对设备的安全性能要求苛刻，但是其比较先进，车位也比较多，效率非常高。随着越来越多的科研力量投入到立体车库的研究中，使立体车库向其他方面发展，立体车库越来越多的融入了如机械、电子、液压、光学、磁控和计算机等各领域的所有成熟先进技术，设备的材料越来越优化，控制方式越来越方便、简单、灵活。设备结构采用新型优质钢材，既提高了设备的强度和刚度，又使设备轻巧美观，载车板采用一次成型技术，表面镀锌，美观、强韧、耐用。控制技术方面，现在发达国家广泛采用可编程控制器和矢量变频变压调速闭环控制技术，使立体车库运行高速平稳，而且节省电力，震动和噪音可趋于最小化。控制形式多种多样，有按钮式、锁匙式、一些商场等采用IC卡式、更高级的有键盘式、触摸屏式。立体车库甚至开始追求美学。在一些建筑里，立体车库成为了必不可少的结构，一些工程师甚至将立体车库当成艺术来设计，在追求实用的同时加入了视觉冲击，或者加入了环保因素。随着时代的变迁，立体车库的设计主题已经变得越来越多样化。

参考文献

[1]廖庆，垂直升降式机械立体停车系统的研究，2005

[2]闻邦椿，机械设计手册，机械工业出版社，2010

[3]濮良贵，陈国定，吴立言，机械设计第9版，2013

[4]孙桓，陈作模，葛文杰，机械原理第7版，2006

[5]王丰，李明颖机电传动与控制,2013

[6]刘鸿文，材料力学，2011

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内容简介：: 中国地质大学长城学院本科毕业设计外文资料翻译系别：工程技术系专业：机械设计制造及其自动化姓名：裴吉星学号： 05211629 2015年 4 月 6 日 nts 外文原文 The Stereo Garagege 1.1An overview of the stereo garage Vehicles parked nowhere is the problem of the urban social,economic and transport development to a certain extent the result,Garage Equipment development in foreign counties,especially in Japan nearly 30-40 years.Whether technically or in terms of experience had been a success.China is also in the beginning of tht 1990s developed mechanical parking equipment,which was 10years in the past.Because a lot of new residentd in the district with the ratio of 1:1.To address the size of parking spaces for tenants and business areas contradictions 3D mechanical parking equipment with an average size of a small motorcycles unique characheristics,the majority of users have been accepted. Compared with the traditional natural underground garage,Machinery garage demonstrates its superiority in many respects.First,the mechanical garage must elapse enough lanes,the average car will occupy an area of 40 square meters,If the use of double-mechanical garage,which would enable ground to improve the utilization rate of around 80% to 90%,If using ground multi-storey(21 storey),three-dimensional garage,50 square meters of land area will be placed on the 40cars,which can greatly save the limited land resources,Civil and save demelopment costs. To underground garage,Mechanical garage can be more effective to ensure personal and vehicle safety in the garage or car kept prospective location,the entire electronic control equipment would not operate.It should be said that the mechanical garage from the management can do a thorough separation of people and vehicles. In the underground garage using mechanical parking,it also can remove the heating ventilation;therefore,Operation of the power consumption than workers in the management of underground garage is much lower.Mechanical garage dont usually do complete system,but as a single machine containers.This will give full play to its small space,the adwantages of decentralized,Each of the residential areas or groups downstairs to make a complete circuit can be set up random mechanical parking building.This garage of the district can solve the shortage of parking difficulty in providing convenient conditions right now. Currently,three-dimensional garage mainly in the following forms:lifting and transferring,aisle stacking garage,vertical garage,vertical cycle,box-level cycle,the level of circulating round. 1.1.1Lifting and transferring Lifting and transferring Garage modular design,each module can be designed into two,three,four levels,the five-story,swmi-submerged in various forms,such as the number of parking spaces from a few to hundreds.Three-dimensional garage applies to the ground and underground car parks,configuration flexibility and cost is low. 1. Product fratures: Save land,the configuration flexibility,and shorter construction period. Low prices,firefighting and exterior decoration,with a total investment on small foundations. Use automatic control,simple structure,safe and reliable. Access to a quick,short waiting time. Run a smooth,low noise nts Applies to commercial,offices,and residential quarters supporting the use of car parks. 2.Safety devices:anti-dropping device,a photoelectric sensor,spacing protectors, Emergency stop switch. 1.1.2Aisle stacking garage Aisle stacking garage used as a stacking machine tool access vehicles.All vehicles are stacking machine access,so the techinal requirements for stacker higher,a single stacker cost is higher.So aisle stacking apply to the parking garage need a few more customers. 1.1.3Vertical Garage Vertical Garage Elevator similar to the principle that both sides of the hoist layout spaces.Generally need a ground vehicle rotary tables can be saved by the driver away.Vertical Garage generally higher high(tens of meters),safety equipment, Installation precision machining requirements are very high,high cost,but has the smallest area. 1.1.4Vertical cycle Product features: cover an area of small;two berths area can stop 6-10 vehicles. The decoration can be added only roof,fire hydrants available. Low prices,foundation.external decoration,fire and other small investmentmshort construction periods. Use automatic control,safe and reliable operation. 2.1The stereo garage automatic control system The modern large-scale building mainstream is intelligent mansion and community.So,automated parking equipment or garage automatic control system will become intelligent mansion and an important part of community.Simple,fast,easy to use,safe,reliable.and less maintenance,to provide users with a safe,easy to use equipment operating conditions , vehicles parked in time , vehicle storage Malaysia, Garage storage capacity.Vehicles kept high and low peaks,and other information can be transmitted through the network of intelligent control center through intelligent control center operator,and the broadcasting system and the management office of the Division linked related to early release control, management information,thus achieving all the intelligent management.Buliding and the Community through the intelligent control of the center could also associate with social nerworking functions. Information released to the collection coming out or expands utilization of the garage social and economic benefits.This will be the automation of the development direction of the garage. Solid Garage automation control system include the following five major subsystems:automatic toll collection management system automatic access systems for remote diagnosis system,automatic gate,control security system. Subsystems are more unified control of the central control room,for customers planning Garage form of management,Published garage inventory capacity,traffic control program. 2.1The stereo garage automatic control system The modern large-scale building mainstream is intelligent mansion and community. So,automated parking equipment or garage automatic control system will become intelligent nts mansion and an important part of community.Simple,fast,easy to use,safe,reliable,and less maintenance,to provide users with a safe,easy to use environment operating conditions,vehicles parked in time,vehicle storage Malaysia,garage storage capacity.Vehicles kept high and low peaks,and other information can be transmitted through the network of intelligent control center through intelligent control center operator,and the broadcasting system and the management office of the Division linked related to early release control,management information,thus achieving all the intelligent management.Buliding and the Community through the intelligent control of the center could also associate with networking functions.Information released to the collection coming out or expands utilization of the parage social and economic benefits.This will be the automation of the development direction of the garage. Solid Garage automation control system include the following five major subsystems:automatic toll collection management system automatic access systems for remote diagnosis system,automatic Gate,control security system. Subsystems are more unified control of the central control room,for customers planning Garage form of management,Published garage inventory capacity,traffic control program. 2.1.1Automatic Toll Management System Automatic charge adopts contactless IC card.IC card points long-term card and the stored-card.For fixed users,the issue of long-term cards,the cost of fixed users pays management fees paid together;on the temporary users,issue stored-value cards,namely:the user fees paid cards exist within each parking card reader automatically deducted from the cost. 2.1.2Automatic vehicle access system Automatic vehicle access system is generally controlled by small PLC.Including the identification card number and mobile disc contains two cars process.Users enter the garage at the entrance to Swiping cards,reader data automatically transmitted to the PLC control system,PLC system through the judgment card number and automatically set the corresponding site mobile trucks and vehicles to the handover location,the garage door opened,shorten the time access to cars.Truck drivers light singles in accordance with be normal light-Kai.Access car after thr completion of the garage doors shut down automatically.Mobile site contains car,the system in strict accordance with the various signal detection mobile state,including long signal detection,Detection in place,the position detection limit,officers hit detection, emergency stop signal detection.If cars are running plate is not in place or vehicle length in excess of the permitted length of the garage,all vehicles disc will contain no ancion.If detected emergency stop signal to stop all action until the emergency stop signal disappeared.Above,signals are hardware signals,in addition,the software can also be installed to control signal protection,such as the protection of the time,to ensure that the damage due to hardware failure to singal equipment and the main guarantee for the safety of vehicles. 2.1.3Remote diagnosis system Controllers can spot card, hubs and other network equipment and control center connected to the LAN,MODEN through remote management,monitoring the operation of the scane,when the scene failure, in the control center can be addressed to facilitate the management,e-office secutity personnel. 2.1.4Automatic Gate nts In the garage entrance of the no-contact reader,and the Gate of coil users in the garage entrances Swiping cards,the system automatically discriminates validity of the card,if valid,the Gate open automatically,through induction coils,Automatic self-closing fence;If invalid,the Gate is not open,sound and alarm. 2,1,5Monitoring security system Monitoring security system is in the central control room for monitoring and controlling the operation of the garage scene conditions.It has motion detection,licence plate recognition,network connections,different types of alarm systems linkage,and other functions,can be achieved unguarded. System catalog: Video monitoring function:the garage entrances,and the duty,the main segments within the garage installation focusing cameras.On the larger spaces installation spherical platforms,in order toachieve all-round garage on real-time monitoring.If the garage light conditions of the poor would use black-and-white cameras. Motion Detection functions:setting up the night in the garage of motion diction retion,detecting when there a moving target,Motion Detection and Alarm function remind staffs. LPR functions:it can set up the garage lighr vehicle license plates,vehicle.When the light vehicles entering the garage regional surveillance,the system automatically cross-referenced with images of a very odd situation,issued awarning signal and automatic switching and record their images. Alarm linkage function:all can move even the police mainframe,if activated Relay acousto-optic warning issued notice of security personnel to voluntarily disarm Gate interception of vehicular access. Digital video functions:it with a continuous record of what happened in the garage, can be synchronized intervals over images arbitrary choice of the overall image to enlarge and local amplification,recording,playback,backup can be conducted all kinds of information. Reportedly,has begun an increasing number of residential quarters began to use a mechanical garage.Taking into account the cost and maintenance,the majority of the district is a multi-storey lifting and transferring parking equipment,mass storage mechanical garage also rarely.Lifting and transferring Garage Equipment parking flow indicate the following: 1、 The sense of light yellow instructions garage operation Red lamp was ongoing operating instructions,please wait;Green light is currently no operating instructions,can operate;yellow light instructions were to fail,the garage cannot work. 2、 The operation Driver of vehicles enter from the garage entrance.At the entrance of non-contact sensors Reader former regional shaken following their IC cards,induction process completed,the fence automatically rises driver drove into the garage.The fence shut down automatically after vehicles entering.Card is the controller to read spaces,corresponding to the parking garage containing cars moved to the site automatically transfer vehicle location,Automatic garage door open units.Car drivers entering and parking in place,Latin hand brake,alighted out of the garage,using IC cards in the garage exit Huang about IC cards Garage door modules to shut down automatically.Completed deposit truck operators. 3、 Collect the car operation Driver entering the garage at the entrance to the non-contact secsors Reader formor regional nts shaken following their IC cards Controller automatically read spaces,corresponding to the parking garage containing cars moved to the site qautomatically transfer vehicle location,Automatic garage door open modules,drivers entering the garage and drive out,in the garage exit of the automatic reader receive information,Host controller cutomatically recorded,prepaid,automatically raising the fence,the driver drove the playing field,appeared after fencing to shut down automatically.Meanwhile,Controller automatically read spaces,corresponding to the garage door unit shut down automatically.Vehicle operation finished. The garage has a complete self-protection device in the course of operation.A series of photoelectric switches,proximity switches,trip switches and other vehicles on site contains accurate operation in place to play a decisive role;falling unique defense installations,broken rope warning device,speeding vehicle protection device to protect the security role played.Detection of long vehicles,vehicle parking is not in place detection,and personnel into a detection signal of vehicles and the safety play a decisive role. nts 翻译立体车库 1.1 立体车库概述车辆无处停放的问题是城市的社会、经济、交通发展到一定程度产生的结果，立体停车设备的发展在国外，尤其在日本已有近 30-40 年的历史，无论在技术上还是在经验上均已获得了成功。我国也于 90 年代初开始研究开发机械式立体停车设备，距今已有十年的历程。由于很多新建小区内住户与车位的配比是 1:1，为了解决停车位占地面积与住户商用面积的矛盾，立体机械停车设备以其平均单车占地面积小的独特特性，已被广大用户接受。机械车库与传统的自然地下车库相比，有许多方面都显示出优越性。首先，机械车库具有突出的节地优势。以往的地下车库由于要留出足够的行车通道，平均一辆车就要占据40 平方米的面积，而如果采用双层机械车库，可使地面的使用率提高 80%-90%，如果采用地上多层（ 21）立体式车库的话， 50 平方米的土地面积便可存放 40 辆车，这可大大地节省悠闲的土地资源，并节省土建开发成本。机械车库与地下车库相比可更加有效地保证人身和车辆的安全，人在车库内或车不停准位置，由电子控制的整个设备变不会运转。应该说，机械车库从管理上可以做到彻底的人车分流。在地下车库中采用机械存车，还可以免除采暖通风设施，因此，运行中的耗电量比人工管理的地下车库低得多。机械车库一般不做成套系统，而是以单台集装而成。这样可以充分发挥其用地少、可化整为零的优势，在住宅区的每个团组中或每栋楼下都可以随机设立机械停车楼。这都眼瞎车库短缺的小区解决停车难的问题提供了方便条件。目前，立体车库主要有以下几种形式：升降横移式、巷道堆垛式、垂直提升式、垂直循环式、箱型水平循环式、圆形水平循环式。 1.1.1 升降横移式升降横移式立体车库采用模块化设计，每个单元可设计成两层、三层、四层、五层、半地下等多种形式，车位数从几个到上百个。此立体车库书用于地面积地下停车场，配置灵活，造价较低。 1.产品特点：节省占地，配置灵活，建设周期短价格低，消防、外装修、土建地基等投资少。可采用自动控制，构造简单，安全可靠。存取车迅速，等候时间短。运行平稳，工作噪声低。适用于商业、机关、住在小区配套停车场的使用。 nts 2.安全装置：防坠装置，光电传感器、限位保护器、急停开关等。 1.1.2 巷道堆垛式巷道堆垛式立体车库采用堆垛机作为存取车辆的工具，所有车辆均有堆垛机进行存取，因此对堆垛机的技术要求较高，单台堆垛机成本较高，所以巷道堆垛式立体车库适用于车位数需要较多的客户使用。 1.1.3 垂直提升式垂直提升式立体车库类似于电梯的工作原理，在提升机的两侧布置车位，一般地面需要一个汽车旋转台，可省去司机掉头。垂直提升式立体车库一般高度较高（几十米），对设备的安全性，加工安装精度要求都很高，因此造价较高，但占地却最小。 1.1.4 垂直循环式产品特点：占地少，两个泊位面积可停 6-10 辆车。外装修可只加顶棚，消防可利用消防栓。价格低，地基、外装修、消防等投资少，假设周期短。可采用自动控制，运行安全可靠。 2.1 立体车库自动控制系统现代大型建筑的主流是智能化大厦和小区，因此自动化立体停车设备或车库的自动控制系统将成为智能化大厦和小区的一个重要组成部分。操作简单、迅速，使用方便，安全可靠，维护量小，为用户提供一个安全、建议的使用环境，这是自动化立体停车设备的基本特点。停车设备的一切运行状况，车辆停放的时间，车辆存放缴费情况，车库库容量，车辆存放高低峰情况等信息均可通过网络传送到智能化控制中心，通过智能化控制中心运算处理，与广播系统和各分部管理办公室相连，达到提前发布相关控制、管理信息，从而全部实现智能化管理。通过大厦和小区的智能化控制中心还可与社会相关职能部门联网，将有关信息发布出去或收集进来，扩大车库的社会利用率和经济效益。这将是自动化车库的发展方向。立体车库自动化控制系统只要包含以下五个子系统：自动收费管理系统，自动存取车系统，远程诊断系统，自动道闸，监控安保系统。以上子系统均由中央控制室统一控制，可为客户规划停车库管理形式，发布车库库存容量，控制车流方案。 2.1.1 自动收费管理系统自动收费采用非接触式 IC 卡。 IC 卡分长期卡和储值卡两种。对固定用户，发行长期卡，费用可在固定用户交纳管理费用时一并交纳；对临时用户，发行储值卡，即：用户交nts 纳的费用存在卡内，每次停车读卡自动从卡中扣除费用。 2.1.2 自动存取车系统自动存取车系统一般由小型可编

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