常用词汇.doc

ChemistryPart I. Words & Phrases 常用词汇 Basic Concepts and Terms of Theories基本概念基本理论acid /5AsId/ n.酸strong acid 强酸weak acid 弱酸acid radical /5rAdIk(E)l/ 酸根acid salt酸式盐acid-base indicator/5IndIkeItE(r)/ 酸碱指示剂acidic oxide /EsIdIk/ /5RksaId/ 酸性氧化物acidify /EsIdIfaI/vt.使酸化,使成酸 vi.变酸acidity/EsIdEtI/n.酸性activate /5AktIveIt/ vt.活化,使活泼activation energy/9AktIveIFEn/ n.反应活化能alkaline manganese cell/5AlkElain, 7mANE5ni:z/碱性锰电池alkaline solution碱溶液alkalinity/9AlkElInEtI/n.碱度alkalinization/9AlkElInaIzeIFEn;-nIz-/ n.碱化allotrope/ 5AlEtrEup/n.同素异形体allotropic/9AlEutrCpIk/ a.同素异形体的allotropy/E5lRtrEpI/n.同素异形现象alloy/ 5AlCI/ n.合金;vt.使成合金alpha particle/AlfE, 5pB:tIk(E)l/a粒子amorphous /E5mC:fEs/a.无定型的amphoteric oxide /9AmfEterIk/两性氧化物anion/5AnaiEn/n.阴离子anode /5AnEud/ n.阳极, 正极anodic /AnCdIk/ a.阳极的aqueous /5eIkwIEs/ a.水的，含水的aqueous solution 水溶液atom/5AtEm/n.原子atomic group/E5tRmIk/ 原子团atomic mass 原子质量atomic nucleus 原子核atomic number 原子序数atomic structure 原子结构atomic weight 原子量auto-oxidation-reduction 自身氧化还原Avogadros constant 阿伏加德罗常数Avogadros number 阿伏加得罗常数balance /5bAlEns/ n.天平，平衡；vt.使平衡，称balance of chemical equation化学方程式的配平balanced chemical equation 已配平的化学方程式base /beis/ n.碱strong base 强碱weak base 弱碱battery /5bAtErI/ n.电池beta particle /5bi:tE; (?) 5beItE/ b离子biatomic acid /baiE5tCmik/二元酸bivalent /baIveIlEnt/ adj.二价的bond /bRnd/ n.键bond energy 键能bond enthalpy/enWAlpI/ 键焓bond length 键长bond pair 成键电子对chemical bond 化学键bonding between molecules 分子间键bonding electron 成键电子bonding inside molecules 分子内键buffer solution/5bQfE(r)/ 缓冲溶液catalysis/kE5tAlisis/ n.催化作用catalyst /5kAtElIst/ n.催化剂cathode /5kAWEud/ n.阴极cathode reaction 阴极反应cation /5kAtaIEn/n.阳离子changing state 状态变化charge/tFB:dV/ n.负荷charge on ions 离子所带电荷chemical change 化学变化chemical combination 化合chemical compound 化合物chemical element 化学元素chemical equation 化学方程式chemical equilibrium/i:kwI5lIbrIEm/ 化学平衡chemical formula 化学式chemical nomenclature /nEu5menklEtFE/ 化学命名法chemical oxygen demand（ COD ）化学需氧量chemical property 化学性质chemical reaction 化学反应chemical stability 化学稳定性chemical symbol 化学符号 chemical weight 化学式量chemistry/5kemIstrI/ n.化学chrome plating /krEum/ 镀铬collide /kE5laId/vi.碰撞, 抵触colligative property/ kClIeItIv/溶液的）依数性collision theory /kE5lIV(E)n/碰撞理论column /5kRlEm/ n.纵行，族combination /kRmbI5neIF(E)n/ n.结合,化合,化合物combination reaction 化合反应combine/5kRmbaIn/ v.(使)联合, (使)结合combustion /kEm5bQstF(E)n/ n.燃烧complete combustion 完全燃烧common/5kRmEn/ adj.常用的common ion effect 同离子效应compound /5kRmpaund/ n.化合物concept /5kRnsept/ n.概念conduct /kEn5dQkt/ v.传导（电，热）conduction in metals 金属的导电性conductivity /kQndQk5tIvItI/ n.传导性, 传导率conductivity in ionic substances 离子化合物的导电性conservation of mass /kRnsE5veIF(E)n/ 物质守恒contravalence /9kCntrE5vAlens/ n.共价contravalency /9kCntrE5vAlensi/n.共价copper extraction and purification 铜的提炼和提纯covalence/kEuveIlEns / n.共价covalency /kEuveIlEnsI / n.=covalence共价covalent /kEuveIlEnt / adj. 共价的covalent bond n.共价键covalent compound 共价化合物covalent property共价性covalent substances 共价化合物crystal /krIstEl/ n.晶体crystalline /5krIstElaIn/adj.水晶的crystalline hydrate 结晶化合物crystalline solid 结晶固体crystallization /9krIstElaIzeIFEn;-lIz-/ n.结晶crystallize /5krIstElaIz/ v.结晶cubic/5kju:bIk/adj.立方体的, 立方的decomposition / 9di: kCmpEzIFEn/ n.分解decomposition reaction 分解反应dehydrate /di:5haIdreIt/ v.脱水dehydration /9di:haIdreIFEn/ n.脱水deionized water /di:aIEnaIzd/ 去离子水deliquescence/9delIkwesEns/ n.溶解, 潮解, 液化deliquescent /9delIkwesEnt/ adj.溶解的, 溶解性的deliquescent substance 易潮解的物质delocalized electron/5dilEukElaIzd/ 离域电子deoxidizer/di:5CksidaizE/ n.脱氧剂，还原剂diamond /5daIEmEnd/ n.金刚石diatomic molecule/daIE5tRmIk/ 双原子分子displacement /dIs5pleIsmEnt/n. 取代, 置换displacement reaction 置换反应dissolution/dIsE5lu:F(E)n/ n.分解double bond双键double covalent bond 共价双键double decomposition reaction 复分解反应dry battery/cell n.干电池ductile /5dQktaIl / adj.易延展的, 柔软的ductility in metals /dQktIlEtI / 金属的延展性dynamic equilibrium /daI5nAmIk,i:kwI5lIbrIEm/ 动态平衡electric current /I5lektrIk/电流electrical property /I5lektrIk(E)l，5prCpEti/电性质electricity/Ilek5trIsItI/ n.电electrochemical cell /I9lektrEukemIkEl/化学电池electrode/I5lektrEud/ n.电极electrolyse /I9lektrElaIz/ v.电解electrolysis /Ilek5trRlIsIs/ n.电解electrolyte/I5lektrEulaIt/ n.电解, 电解液electrolytic cell /I9lektrEulItIk/电解池electrolytical /I9lektrEulItIkEl/ adj.(=electrolytic)电解质的electrolytically /I9lektrEulItIkElI/adv. 以电解地electrolyze /I5lektrElaIz/ vt.电解, 用电分解electrolyzer /IlektrEulaIzE(r)/ n.电解剂electron /I5lektrRn/ n.电子electron affinity /E5fInItI/ 电子亲和力electron configuration /kEnfIjuE5reIF(E)n/ 电子排布式electron dot structure 电子式electron energy level 电子能级electron pair 电子对electron shell 电子层core electron 内层电子out-shell electron 外层电子electronegativity /I9lektrEuneEtIvItI/n.电负性electronic/Ilek5trRnIk/adj.电子的electronic configuration/kEn7fiju5reiFEn/电子排列electronic structure 电子结构electroplate /I5lektrEupleIt/ vt.电镀;n.电镀物品electrostatic attraction /I9lektrEstAtIk/ 静电吸引力electrostatic force /I9lektrEstAtIk/ 静电力electrovalent bond /I9lektrEuveIlEnt/ 电价键element /5elImEnt/ n.元素elementary substance /elI5mentErI/单质end point （滴定）终点endothermic reaction/process /9endEuWE:mIk/ 吸热反应energy /5enEdVI/ n.能源energy crisis /5kraIsIs/能源危机energy level 能级energy sources/5enzaIm/ 能源enthalpy/enWAlpI/n.焓enthalpy of combustion 燃烧焓enthalpy of formation 生成焓enthalpy of reaction 化学反应焓entropy /5entrEpI/ n.熵enzyme /5enzaIm/n.酶enzyme reaction /5enzaIm/ 酶反应chemical equation 化学反应式equilibrium /i:kwI5lIbrIEm/n.平衡equilibrium constant 平衡常数excited state 激发态exothermic change/process /9eksEuWE:mIk/ 放热变化exothermic reaction 放热反应factors affecting rate of reaction 影响反应速度的因素family /5fAmIlI/ n.家族，族finely ground particle 微粒force between molecules 分子间力formula/5fC:mjulE/ n.分子式free electron 自由电子fuel cell 燃料电池fullerence 富勒烯gamma ray g射线gas /As/ n.气体gaseous state/5AsIEs/ 气态giant covalent structure巨型共价结构give up(electrons) 失去（电子）group /ru:p/n.团体,组,团,基 half-cell半反应电池half-life 半衰期half-reaction 半反应Hall cell 电解槽horizontal /hRrI5zRnt(E)l/ adj.水平的hydrogen bond 氢键illustrate/5IlEstreIt/ v.说明;举例说明, 图解immiscible /I5mIsIb(E)l/ adj.不溶的immiscible liquid 互不相容的液体immiscible with water 和水不混溶的inactive gas 不活泼气体incomplete /InkEm5plIt/ adj.不完全的incomplete combustion 不完全燃烧incomplete octet /Bk5tet;Ck5tet/ 八隅体indicator/5IndIkeItE(r)/ n.指示剂inert/I5nE:t/ adj.无活动的, 惰性的, 迟钝的inert gases 惰性气体inertial /InE:FjEl/ adj.不活泼的, 惯性的inertly /I5nE:tli/ adv.不活泼地, 无生气地inertness/I5nE:tnIs/ n.不活泼, 没有生气inorganic chemistry/InC:5AnIk/ 无机化学insoluble / In5sRljub(E)l/ adj. 不溶解的insoluble salt不溶性盐instability /InstE5bIlItI/n.不稳定性instantaneous dipole /InstEn5teInIEs/5daIpEul/ 瞬时偶极insulator/5InsjuleItE(r)/n.绝缘体intermolecular/9IntEmEulekjulE/ adj.分子间的 intramolecular/9intrEmE5lekjulE/ 存在(或作用)于分子内的ion/5aIEn/ n.离子ionic /aI5RnIk/ adj.离子的ionic bond 离子键ionic bonding 离子键ionic compound 离子化合物ionic lattice /5lAtIs/ 离子晶格ionic property 离子化合物的性质ionic solid 离子晶体ionic structure 离子化合物的结构ionicity /9aIEnIsEtI/ n.电离度;离子性ionisation potential/energy 电离能ionization/9aIEnaIzeIFEn;-nIz-/n.离子化, 电离ionization equation 电离方程式ionize /5aIEnaIz/ vt.使离子化;vi.电离isomerism /aIsCmErIzEm/n.同素异形体isotope /5aIsEtEup/n.同位素kinetic energy /kI5netIk/ 动能kinetic theory分子运动论lattice /5lAtIs/n.晶格law of conservation of mass质量守恒定律law of definite proportion定比定律Le Chateliers Principle勒沙特列原理Lewis structure 路易斯结构light energy 光能liquid state 液态lone pairs 孤对电子lose/lu:z/ v.失去loss of electrons 失电子main group element主族元素mass /mAs, mB:s/ n.质量mass fraction质量分数mass fraction of solute 溶质的质量分数mass number 质量数conservation of mass质量守恒matter /5mAtE(r)/ n.物质 melt/5melt/v.融化，熔化melting /5meltIN/ adj.熔化的, 融化的, 溶解的melting point熔点metal /5met(E)l/ n.金属metal oxide 金属氧化物metal structure 金属结构metallic /mI5tAlIk/ a.金属的metallic bonding 金属键metallic element 金属元素metallic solid 金属晶体metalloid/5metElCId/ n.准金属miscible liquid/5mIsIb(E)l/ 互溶液体mixture /5mIkstFE(r)/ n.混合, 混合物, 混合剂moisture/5mCIstFE(r)/n.潮湿, 湿气molecular covalent substance 共价物分子molecular formula分子式molecular solid 分子晶体molecule/5mRlIkju:l/ n.分子molten /5mEult(E)n/ v.熔化 adj.熔铸的monatomic ion 单原子离子monobasic /9mCnEubeIsIk/ adj.一元碱的，单(价)碱的monovalent /mRnE5veIlEnt/adj.单价的, negative /5neEtIv/ adj. 负的, 阴性的;negative pole负极network solid 原子晶体neutralise(neutralize) /njU:trElaIz/ v.使中立, 中和neutralization/9njU:trElaIzeIFEn;-lIz-/ n.中和neutralization reaction 中和反应neutron /5nju:trRn(r); (?) nu:-/n.中子non-bonding pair 非成键电子对non-electrolyte 非电解质non-metallic element 非金属元素non-polar compound 非极性化合物non-polar covalent bond 非极性共价键non-polar molecule 非极性分子nuclear chain reaction 核链反应nuclear charge 核电荷nuclear equation核等式nuclear fission /5fIF(E)n/核裂变nuclear fusion/5fju:V(E)n/核聚变nuclei /5nju:klaI/ n.(pl.)原子核nucleus /5nju:klIEs; / n.原子核null valence, null valency/nQl/ 零价octahedral arrangement/9CktEhedrEl,-hi:-/ 八电子稳定结构排布octet rule/Ck5tet/ 八电子稳定排布规则orbit/5C:bIt/ n.轨道orbital /5C:bIt(E)l/ adj.轨道的outmost /aJtmEust/ adj.最外面的, 最远的outmost electron shell 最外电子层overall /EuvEr5C:l/ adj.全部的, 全面的oxidant /CksIdEnt/ n.氧化剂oxidation/RksI5deIF(E)n/ n.氧化oxidation number 氧化数oxidation reaction 氧化反应oxide /5RksaId/ n.氧化物oxidizable /CksIdaIzEbl/ adj.可氧化的oxidization /9CksIdaIzeIFEn;-dIz-/ n.氧化oxidize /5RksIdaIz/ v.(使)氧化oxidizer /CksIdaIzE(r)/ n.氧化剂oxidizing agent 氧化剂partial oxidation 不完全氧化particle /5pB:tIk(E)l/ n.粒子period /5pIErIEd/ n.周期periodic/pIErI5RdIk/ adj.周期的periodic table /pIErI5RdIk/ 周期表periodic table of the elements 元素周期表PH indicator PH值指示剂pH paper pH试纸PH value 酸碱值Phenolphthalein / 9fi:nClfWAli:n, -lIIn / n.酚酞Photochemical /9fEutEukemIkEl/ adj.光化学的photochemical reaction光化学反应photochemical smog 光化学烟雾photosynthesis /7fEutEu5sinWEsis/n.光合作用physical change 物理变化physical property 物理性质planar /pleInE(r),-nB:(r)/ adj.平面的polar /5pEulE(r)/ adj.极性的polar compound 极性化合物polar covalent bond 极性共价键polar force 极性力polar molecule 极性分子polarity /pEu5lArItI/ n.极性polyatomic ion 多原子离子polyatomic molecule /9pClIEtCmIk/ 多原子分子positive /5pRzItIv/ adj.正的，阳的potential energy 势能pressure /preFE(r)/ n.压强pressure and equilibrium reaction 压强与反应平衡pressure and rate of reaction压强与反应速度preventing rust 防止生锈product /5prRdQkt/ n.产品, 产物protium /5prEutiEm/ n.氕proton /5prEutRn/ n.质子pure substance 纯净物qualitative analysis/5kwRlItEtIv/定性分析quantitative analysis 定量分析quantitative chemistry /5kwRntItEtIv/ 定量化学radiation /reIdI5eIF(E)n/ n.发散,放射,radical /5rAdIk(E)l/ adj.根本的, 基本的radioactive substance /reIdIEu5AktIv/放射性物质radioactivity /reIdIEuAk5tIvItI/ n.放射能rare gas 稀有气体rate of reaction 反应速度reactant /rIAktEnt,ri:-/n.反应物reaction /ri(:)5AkFEn/n.化学反应reaction rate反应速度reactivity /9rIAktIvEtI,9ri:-/n.反应性reactivity of metal金属的反应性reagent /ri:5eIdVEnt/ n. 反应物, 试剂redox / ri:dCks / n.氧化还原作用redox reaction 氧化还原反应redox reaction equation氧化还原反应方程式redox titration氧化还原滴定reduce /rI5dju:s/ vt. 还原reduced / rIdjU:st / adj.被还原的reducer / rIdjU:sE(r) /n. 还原剂reducible/ rIdjU:sEbl / adj.可还原的reducing agent 还原剂reductant/ rIdQktEnt /n.=reducing agentreduction/rI5dQkF(E)n/n.还原作用reduction potential 还原电势reduction reaction还原反应relative atomic mass 相对原子质量relative molecular mass 相对分子质量reversible /rI5vE:sIb(E)l/ adj.可逆的reversible reaction可逆反应room temperature and pressure(r.t.p.) 通常状况row/rEu/ n.排，行rust prevention 防止生锈sacrificial /sAkrI5fIF(E)l/ adj.牺牲的sacrificial protection 牺牲阳极保护法salt /sC:lt/ n.食盐；盐salt bridge 盐桥salt of metals金属盐saturated solution饱和溶液saturation /sAtFE5reIF(E)n/ n.饱和状态semiconductor /semIkEn5dQktE/ n.半导体semi-metal /9semI5met(E)l/n.准金属shared pairs of electrons 共用电子对sharing of electrons between two atoms 原子间电子共用shell of electrons 电子层shielding effect / 5Fi:ldiN,i5fekt/ 屏蔽效应，屏蔽作用single covalent bond 单键solid /5sRlId/ n. 固体solid state 固态solubility/ 9sCljubIlEtI / n. 溶解性solute /5sRlju:t/ n. 溶质solution /sE5lu:F(E)n/ n.溶液solution with electrolyte含有电解质的溶剂solvent /5sRlvEnt/ n.溶剂spectator ion /spek5teItE(r); 5aIEn/n. 旁观离子,不参加反应的离子spontaneous /spRn5teInIEs/adj.自发的, 自然产生的spontaneous reaction 自发反应stability of compounds to heat 化合物的热稳定性standard enthalpy of formation 标准生成焓standard enthalpy of reaction标准反应生成焓standard enthalpy of reduction potential 标准电极电位式standard solution 标准溶液standard temperature and pressure(s.t.p.) 标准状况state of matter 物质状态state symbol状态符号substance /5sQbstEns/ n.物质surface area and rate of reaction 表面积和反应速度surface catalyst 表面（活性）催化剂suspension /sE5spenF(E)n/n.悬浮液symbol /5sImb(E)l/ n.符号, 记号, 象征symbols for elements 元素符号tetrahedral /9tetrEhi: drEl /adj.有四面的, 四面体的tetrahedral arrangement四面体排布thermochemical equation 热化学方程式titration /taItreIFEn, tI-/ n.滴定transition /trAn5sIF(E)n, trB:/ n.过渡triatomic molecule 三原子分子triple bond /5trIp(E)l/三键unpaired electron 不成对电子unsaturated solution 不饱和溶液UV radiation UV放射valence /veIlEns/ n.(化合)价, 原子价valence shell 价电子层valence state 价态valence(shell) electron 价电子层电子valency /veIlEnsI/ n.价,化合价van der Waals force 范德华力vaporization /7veipErai5zeiFEn/v.汽化，蒸发vapour /5veipE/ n.蒸汽vary/5veErI/ v.变化，改变vertical /5v:tIk(E)l/ adj.垂直的vibrate /vaI5breIt/ v.(使)振动, (使)摇摆viscosity/vIs5kRsItI/ n.粘性volatile /5vRlEtaIl/ adj.挥发性的n. 挥发物volat