山东省泰安市高考英语二轮复习 阅读理解增分练习（2）.doc

山东泰安市2016高考英语二轮阅读理解增分练习（2）科普知识（阅读理解）由 (2013浙江宁波高三上期末)改编the heat engine is certainly one of the most important devices that man ever invented.in its simplest meaning,the heat engine is a device that transforms heat energy into other forms of energy,such as mechanical and electrical energy.a great majority of the engines used today lie under the contributions that the heat engine made in the fields of industry,transportation,and the production of electricity gives us a deeper and more detailed look at the importance of heat engines.the heat engine had a great role in the industrial revolution of the nineteenth century. scientists developed machines,based on heat engines,which could increase the amount of goods produced,and at the same time,decrease the amount of time and money consumed.the manufactured goods became affordable to almost everyone,and they were not a luxury any more.after the introduction of the heat engine in the industrial field,the concept of mass production was first realized,and industry boomed as never before.through history man has always tried to invent efficient means of transportation.however,it was not until the invention of the heat engine that this became possible.a new era replaced the old era of animal-powered transportation,an era whose characteristics were speed and comfort.the train was the first means of transportation that used the heat engine,and it introduced new horizons of long-distance traveling.however,there was another machine that replaced the horse as a personal means of transportation.it was called the car,and it also used the heat engine.the achievements of the car in a few decades wiped out centuries of horse transportation.scientists realized the importance of electricity since the day it was discovered. unfortunately,electricity was not available in nature for direct use.scientists had to come up with ways of producing it.here again,the heat engine was used to produce mechanical energy,which in turn can produce electricity.today,many power-producing stations all over the world still use heat engines.they use coal or fuel oil to evaporate water,then the steam is used to turn a turbine which can produce electricity.in conclusion,heat engines proved to be one of the most important inventions.it is enough to observe the importance of industry,transportation,and electricity in our lives to know the importance of heat engines.although the engines used today are quite different from the early ones,the same concept of changing heat into other kinds of energy is still used.1.what is the passage mainly about?()a.the importance of electricity.b.the importance of heat energy.c.the importance of the heat engine.d.the importance of means of transportation.2.the underlined word “transforms” in para.1 can be best replaced by .a.changesb.dividesc.adaptsd.breaks3.which of the following is true after the scientist used heat engine in industry?()a.heat engines greatly promoted industry.b.more money and less time were spent in producing goods.c.manufactured goods decreased a lot because of mass production.d.the invention of the heat engine resulted in the invention of electricity.4.which of the following can be inferred from the passage?()a.the animal-powered transportation was slow but comfortable.b.the heat engine is the greatest invention ever in the history of industry.c.the car is a means of personal transportation that is based on the heat engine.d.before the invention of the heat engine,the animal was the only means of transportation.语篇解读:本文讲述了一项重要发明“热力发动机”的重要性和为人类所做出的贡献。答案及剖析:1.c主旨大意题。由全文内容尤其是最后一段的in conclusion,heat engines proved to be one of the most important inventions.可知,本文主要是关于热力发动机自发明以来在很多方面所起的重要作用,故选c项。2.a词义猜测题。由第一段关于热力发动机的定义.the heat engine is a device that transforms heat energy into other forms of energy,such as mechanical and electrical energy可知,热力发动机就是把热能转化成如机械能和电能的一种设备,故选a项。3.a细节理解题。由第二段的scientists developed machines,based on heat engines,which could increase the amount of goods produced,and at the same time,decrease the amount of time and money consumed.可知,机器的使用提高了产量,减少了生产时间和劳动成本,故a项正确。其他三项与文章内容不符。4.c推理判断题。由第四段的.it was called the car,and it also used the heat engine可知c项正确。由第三段的a new era replaced the old era of animal-powered transportation,an era whose characteristics were speed and comfort可排除a项;由文章的首句和最后一段的第一句话可排除b项;由第三段的.animal-powered.可排除d项。【疑难词汇解读】1.decrease v.&n.降低;下降,减少the number of the workers in that factory is decreasing.那家工厂的工人的数量在下降。2.affordable adj.付得起的now houses are affordable to most people.现在多数人都能买得起房子。【长难句子分析】scientists主语 developed谓语 machines,宾语 based on heat engines,状语which could increase the amount of goods produced,定语从句and at the same time,decrease the amount of time定语从句and money consumed.定语从句以热力发动机为基础,科学家们制造了机器,这大大提高产品数量的同时也降低了生产所需要的时间和成本。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的a、b、c和d项中，选出最佳选项。【2013广东省广州市调研测试】a when luca first heard of the island of inventions, he was still very young. but its wonders sounded so incredible that they were forever burned in his memory. from that moment, he never stopped searching for clues which might lead him to the island. he read hundreds of adventure books, histories, volumes of physics and chemistry, even music. over time, he pieced together his idea of what the island of inventions was like. it was a secret place, where all the great wise men of the world would meet to learn and invent together. access to the island was totally restricted. to join, you had to have created some great invention for humanity. only then could you receive the special invitation which came with directions to the island. so luca spent his youth studying and inventing. every new idea he got, he made it into an invention, and if there were something he didnt understand, hed seek others to help him. soon he met other young inventors and he told them about the island of inventions. they too dreamed of one day receiving an invitation letter. as years passed, the disappointment of not receiving their invitation made luca and his friends work harder and co-operate more. they would meet in lucas house, share their ideas and build new machines. their inventions became known throughout the world, and improved the lives of millions. but still, no invitation came. they didnt lose heart. they continued learning and inventing every day, trying to come up with more and better ideas. fresh young talent joined their group, as more inventors dreamed of getting to the island. one day many years later, luca, already very old, was speaking with a brilliant young man named roberts, who had written to him, asking him to join the group. luca started telling the man of the wonderful island of inventions, and of how he was sure that some day they would receive an invitation. surprised, the young inventor interrupted: “you mean this place isnt the island of inventions? isnt the letter you sent me the real invitation?” it was only then that luca realised that his dream had become true in his very own house. no island could exist which would be better than where he was now. no place of invention would be better than what he and his friends had created. luca felt happy to know that he had always been on the island, and that his life of invention and study had been a truly happy one.26. lucas picture of the island of inventions was mainly based on _.a. scientific researchb. his imaginationc. reports of others d. history books【答案】b【解析】细节理解题。根据over time, he pieced together his idea of what the island of inventions was like.他主要根据自己的想象画出了图画，故选b。27. why did luca and his colleagues probably never receive an invitation to the island?a. their ideas were not considered worthy enough.b. they were too concerned with acquiring fame.c. the organization had already broken up.d. the island was not a real place.【答案】d【解析】推理判断题。根据“you mean this place isnt the island of inventions?no island could exist which would be better than where he was now.那个岛根本就不存在，故选d。28. what was roberts reaction to lucas story of the island?a. he thought he had already arrived at the island.b. he was disappointed to discover it didnt exist.c. he was excited about receiving an invitation.d. he expressed surprise that luca believed in such fairy tales.【答案】a【解析】细节理解题。根据“you mean this place isnt the island of inventions? isnt the letter you sent me the real invitation?” 他原认为他来到了真正的那个island of inventions岛，故选a。29. what did luca learn at the end of the story?a. the island of inventions did not exist. b. he had wasted most of his life.c. he had unknowingly built his own dreamland.d. he finally would receive his invitation.【答案】c【解析】推理判断题。根据no place of invention would be better than what he and his friends had created. luca felt happy to know that he had always been on the island, and that his life of invention and study had been a truly happy one.他已经不知不觉地创造了自己的梦境。故选c。30. which of the following best describes luca?a. aggressive.b. trusting. c. creative.d. easy-going.【答案】c【解析】细节理解题。aggressive有进取心的； trusting信赖的； creative创造性的；easy-going随和的。根据短文的内容可知luca根据自己的想象画出来了图画，并且创造了许多发明，故选c。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（a、b、c和d)中，选出最佳选项。【2013广东省广州市调研测试】 imagine putting a seed in a freezer, waiting 30,000 years, and then taking the seed out and planting it. do you think a flower would grow? amazingly, scientists have just managed to do something very similar. they found the fruit of an ancient plant that had been frozen underground in siberia a region covering central and eastern russia for about 31,800 years. using pieces of the fruit, the scientists grew plants in a lab. the new blooms have delicate white petals. they are also the oldest flowering plants that researchers have ever revived from a deep freeze. “this is like regenerating a dinosaur from tissues of an ancient egg,” said university of california, los angeles biologist jane shen-miller. the plant has a long history. back when mammoths and woolly rhinoceroses walked the land, an arctic ground squirrel buried seeds and fruits in an underground chamber near the kolyma river in northeastern siberia. the ground became permafrost, a layer of soil that stays frozen for a long time. recently, russian scientists dug out the old squirrel hole and found the plant remains 38 meters below the surface. back at the lab, the team fed nutrients to tissue from three of the fruits to grow shoots. then the scientists transferred the shoots to pots filled with soil. the plants produced seeds that could be used to grow even more of them. its important for scientists to know that plant tissues can still be revived after being frozen for a long time. thats because many researchers are trying to preserve the seeds of modern plants by freezing them and then storing them in giant lockers at various spots around the globe. one such endeavor, an underground facility in norway, is called the svalbard global seed vault. it stores hundreds of thousands of frozen seeds. if a plant ever goes extinct, scientists could bring it back by taking its seeds from the svalbard or other storage lockers. “no one knows how long they are able to live for, but freezing is basically the format for many plant conservation attempts nowadays.” shen-miller said. its a good thing that at least some plants are tough enough to survive the experience. 31. how did the fruit originally get underground?a. it was placed there by an animal.b. it was trapped there during the ice-age.c. it was planted there by ancient farmers.d. it was buried there after the earthquake.【答案】a【解析】细节理解题。根据back when mammoths and woolly rhinoceroses walked the land, an arctic ground squirrel buried seeds and fruits in an underground chamber near the kolyma river in northeastern siberia.可知最初的时候是有动物放在地下的，故选a。32. which of the following was not used to recreate the ancient plant? a. modern nutrients. b. parts of its fruit. c. its frozen seeds. d. plant pots with soil.【答案】c【解析】细节理解题。根据russian scientists dug out the old squirrel hole and found the plant remains 38 meters below the surface. back at the lab, the team fed nutrients to tissue from three of the fruits to grow shoots. then the scientists