上海市14校2017届高三3月联考-语法填空详解.doc

2017年上海高三十四校联考英语试卷听力部分（略）Grammar and Vocabulary Section ADirections: After reading the passage below , fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct . For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with proper form of the given word; for the other blanks , use one word that best fits each blanks.Highly gifted children benefit from explanation as much as their peersSchools tend to assume that highly gifted children can manage by themselves and that they do not need any extra support . As a result , they sometimes seem (21)_(forget) . Psychologist Bar Vogelaar conducted a research and discovered that a high gift does not mean (22) _(perform) to the childrens maximum capacity . He finds out that this group too benefit from training and explanation and that strangely enough , the benefits are the same (23) _both groups. In his research , Vogelaa made use of dynamic tests (动态测试)， (24) _ _children received training and their progress was measured afterwards to give a better image of their learning capabilities , 522 children aged between five and ten years -173 highly gifted and 349 averagely gifted -took part in (25)_ was so-called learning potential test ; The children (26)_(assign) to solve analogical reasoning （类推） tasks. Three boxes were filled with figures that changed from one box to the next according to a particular rule, for example , in size or in position . The children had to use analogical reasoning to draw (27)_figure in the last box.Afterwards , the children were given a training ,(28)_(follow) by a further set of tasks as a post-assessment. Vogelaar:” This kind of test gives a better insight into how well children learn because we are able to measure (29)_ _ how much they progress on a new task , but also how much and what kind of help they need to achieve this progress.”The test showed that all groups of children made progress , from the starting to the post-measurement , with major individual difference . “ it confirms that talented (30)_ many children are , they benefit from teachers help to a great extent , and that they dont always show their full potential in test.” Vogelaar concludes.21. to be forgotten22. performing23. for24. in which25. what26. were assigned27. the28. followed29. not only30. as/thoughSection BDirections : Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once, Note that there is one word more than you need A . strategy B. committing C. shifts D. well-being E. coined F. prioritizing G.composed H. valued I . access J. uncertainty K. reductionWork-life balanceWorklife-balance is a state charactered by a high level of satisfaction, functionality , and effectiveness while successfully performing several tasks all together. The non-work activity is not only limited to family life but to various occupations and activities of which ones life is _31_. Studies suggest the existence of cell phones and other internet based devices enables _32_to work related issues in non-working periods , thus ,adding more hours and work load. A relative decrease in the time spent working nonstandard _33_has been proven to have significant negative effects on family and personal life. The immediate effect is a decrease in general _34_as the individual is unable to properly assign appropriate amount of time necessary to maintain a balance. Therefore , extensive research has been done on properly managing time as a main _35_ of managing stress.The condition where work performance is negatively affected by high-level stress is termed burnout , in which the employee experience a significant _36_in motivation . According to Vrooms Expectancy Theory , when the outcome of work performance are offset （抵消）by the negative impacts on the individual s general well-being , or , are not _37_enough by the employer, levels of motivation are low. Time management , _38_ certain tasks and actions according to ones values and beliefs , is among the suggested courses of action for managing stress and maintaining a healthy work-life balance . The reality of constant increase in competition and economic _39_ frequently forces the employee to keep the balance for the sake of financial and job security . Therefore , work-life balance policies are _40_ by many businesses and dealt by line managers and supervisors , rather than at the organizational level as the employees well being can be more carefully observed and monitored.Section BDirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrase marked A, B, C,D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.In commerce ,customer experience is measured during all points of contact against the individuals expectations over the duration of their relationship with a company . Customers _41_direct or indirect contact with a company. Direct contact usually occurs when the _42_ or use is initiated by the customer . Indirect contact often involves advertising , news reports , unplanned _43_ with sales representatives ,word-of-mouth recommendations or criticisms . Customer experience is created by the contribution of not only the customers _44_ but also the company providing the experience.The development of a positive customer experience is important as it increases the chances of a customer to make continued purchase and develops brand loyalty . Brand loyalty can turn customers into _45_ , resulting in a long term relationship . Nevertheless , males and females respond to the same brand differently . _46_if female consumers are the target market , an app advert focused on the emotion of the product will provide an effective customer experience.In this present day it requires more than just low prices and innovative products to _47_ the competitiveness of the retail （零售）business. Customer experience has emerged as a vital strategy for all retail business that are facing competition. When a customer is undertaking the experience , it is seen as personal and unique. It is through the _48_of goods and services that customers create a memorable experience they will never forget.On the whole , one of the most efficient ways to develop customer experience is concerned with the _49_. Today , retail stores tend to exist in shopping areas such as malls or shopping districts. Very few operate in area alone. Therefore , a shopping centres reputation that a store is located in will affect a customers experience . If the location is _50_with historical richness, it can provide an opportunity for the town centre and local business to connect at deeper level with their customers. So it is suggested that town centre management and retail outlets should work _51_ to develop an effective customer experience.Another effective ways of improving the customers experience is by actively engaging a customer with an activity . Customers are able to recall active , hands-on experience much more effectively and accurately than _52_ activities . Of course , while active hands-on experiences can greatly develop value creation, it can produce value_53_ . Only by understanding what causes satisfaction or dissatisfaction of a customers experience, can management appropriately _54_changes within their approach.Anyway , what the company needs to do is some change in the vision, evaluation and , above all ,the _55_ with customers . Customers experience can only be changed when it becomes a businesss top priority.41. A. take up B. enter for C. respond to D. act upon42. A. purchase B. opponent C. benefit D. emotion43. A. discounts B. encounters C. account D. discussions44. A. predictions B. memories C. virtues D. value45. A. objectives B. advocate C. miracles D. symbols46. A. For example B. In addition C. In contrast D. In all47. A. highlight B. seek C. judge D. survive48. A. variety B. feedback C. stimulation D. security49. A. environment B. opportunity C. poverty D. service50. A. satisfied B. bound C. owned D. compared51. A. independently B. fiercely C. cooperatively D. reductantly52. A. extensive B. negative C. persuasive D. passive53. A. destruction B. image C. alert D. definition54. A. reform B. implement C. drain D. bridge55. A. discipline B. satisfaction C. overlook D. interactionSection BDirections: Read the following three passage . Each passage is followed by several questions . For each of them there are four choices marked A,B, C, and D. Choose the best answer that best fits according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)For anyone who thinks of themselves as a leaderor an effective manager of their careeraccepting a degree of fear when faced with high-stakes decisions may be necessary. Therese Huston, author of a new book about decision-making, urges those who suffer to enjoy it. Tell yourself this isnt anxiety, this is excitement, she says. Research shows that facing these workplace difficulties with relish（享受）is better than trying to be calm. Forcing yourself to think about a high-pressure situation as an exciting challenge enables you to screen out the negative judgments of others and focus.If youre not seeing threats everywhere, then youll make better decisions, says Ms Huston, a cognitive psychologist who advises companies on how to improve heir decision-making. In How Women Decide, which contains advice for everyone, she draws on research from Alison Wood Brooks of Harvard Business School, who found that trying to calm down can be counterproductive. Studying performance anxiety, Ms Wood Brooks discovered that reassessing stress as excitement can boost results. And the stress brought on by a dilemma needs to be tackled, for the sake of making good and balanced decisions.Ms Huston recommends exploring other options when facing a choice, rather than obsessing about a yes versus noa binary choice with risks attached piles on the pressure. You should pause and introduce another alternative. Therefore, as to such questions as Should I take this job or not?, or stay where I am but ask for a new role? Ms Huston maintains that decisions based on a simple two-way choice turned out to be more problematic half of the time.Considering more than two options resulted in a more positive verdict（评判）on the decision a year or so later. Ms Huston advises practising the art of generating more than one option in everyday choices when you are calm and relaxed. Make it a habit, she suggests, because when you are stressed, you usually want to move quickly from What am I going to do? to At least Im doing something.56. Ms Huston believes that _.A. accepting fear to some extent is necessary when leaders are making decisionsB. keeping cool is better than feeling anxious when making decisionsC. negative judgments are helpful when leaders are making decisionsD. reassessing stress as excitement can boost results57.In paragraph 1, the underlined phrase “screen out” probably means _.A. acceptB. reflectC. eliminateD. broadcast58.According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?A. Suppose you believe threats are everywhere, youll make better decisions.B. Its better to remain calm down when you are faced with obstacles.C. Facing a choice, you should stick to “yes” or “no” questions.D. Its advised to avoid a simple two-way choice when making decisions.59. Which of the following is the main idea of the passage?A. Threats are everywhere.B. Stay calm when making decisions.C. Enjoy it when facing high pressure.D. Make it a rule to consider more than two options. BThe Pros and Cons of Nappingu Daytime resting: helpful or harmful?Getting some sleep, even a short afternoon nap, may seem like a good thing for people with sleep disorders. But for those with insomnia and an already decreased desire to sleep at night, midday shut-eye can actually be counterproductive. So before you curl up on the couch this afternoon, consider whether your quick fix might backfire when you lie down in bed tonight.u Trouble sleeping at nightIf you have insomnia, naps present a problem, even if you feel tired during the day. Napping during the day can perpetuate bad sleep habits for people with temporary sleep issues caused by stress, illness, or jet lag too.“Even just a little bit of a power nap reduces your nighttime sleep drive,” says Ralph Downey III, PhD, director of the Sleep Disorders Center at Loma Linda University Medical Center in California. “The nap becomes nothing more than another episode of fragmented sleep.”u Getting through the dayIf you dont have a problem getting your zs at night, a quick nap can work wonders to pull you through a tiresome or sleep-deprived day. In fact, a 2008 study found that a 45-minute daytime nap can improve memory function. And previous studies have found that naps can lower blood pressure.Those who suffer from narcolepsy or shift-work syndrome may also benefit from daytime naps, says James Wyatt, PhD, director of the Sleep Disorders Service and Research Center at Rush University Medical Center in Chicago.u Fatigue could be a warning signIf youre constantly fighting the urge to sleep during the day and falling asleep instantly at night, you might have obstructive sleep apnea, a condition in which you stop breathing while you sleep.In this case, naps wont help. By wearing a continuous positive airway pressure(CPAP) machine that flows oxygen through your nose, however, youll likely sleep more soundly and wake refreshedwhether from a good nights rest or a quick catnap.60. If you suffer from insomnia _.A. midday shut-eye may be helpfulB. a short afternoon nap is probably a good thingC. napping during the day is considered a good habitD. a little bit of a power nap decreases your night time sleep desire61. A quick nap can be beneficial for common people except those _.A. who have a problem falling into sleep at nightB. whose memory is not good enoughC. who suffer from shift-work syndromeD. whose blood pressure is too high62. It can be inferred from the passage that _.A. naps are helpful for those who have obstructive sleep apneaB. more oxygen through your nose might improve sleep qualityC. a 45-minute daytime nap can be beneficial for those with insomniaD. a quick nap can pull everyone through a sleep-deprived day(C)Human activities are largely responsible for climate change, which is already having an observable effect on our planet. Particularly emissions from the burning of fossil fuels such as oil and gas have led to an increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Key indicators of climate change-including rising average temperatures, melting glaciers, and rising sea levels-are expected to have devastating consequences for humans and environments. Tackling the challenge posed by climate change will require a coordinated and global effort.Acknowledging that climate change is a common concern of humankind, delegations from 195 states successfully negotiated a new and binding international agreement to protect the global climate at the 21st Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change（UNFCCC）held in Paris in December 2015, The successful adoption of the Paris Agreement was also due to the hard work of a host of non-state actors, including NGOs and research institutions working to address the challenges of climate change.With the first commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol due to expire in 2012, governments agreed to begin negotiations on an emissions reductions treaty for the post-Kyoto era at the 2007 Conference of Parties（COP）in Bali. In line with the agreement reached by the parties to the UNFCCC at the 2011 COP in Durban to negotiate a new climate protection treaty, this process was concluded successfully with the adoption of Paris Agreement in late 2015.One of the key innovations of the Paris Agreement is the adoption of a clearly defined target to limit global warming. The signatory states have agreed to limit the rise in global average temperature to well below 2C above pre-industrial levels. In order to achieve this, the agreement requires parties to prepare, communicate and maintain so-called“Nationally Determined Contributions”（NDCs）that they intend to achieve. These national commitments represent a further departure from the model of Kyoto Protocol.The Paris Agreement does not include any language on precisely what states should include in these commitments. While the emissions reduction targets specified for each country under the terms of the Kyoto Protocol were the outcome of multilateral negotiations, under the Paris Agreement states are invited to determine their national contributions as they see fit. The NDCs submitted so far under the Paris Agreement will not be sufficient to keep global warming below the two degree target. However, the agreement also requires that states review the implementation of their NDCs and update their pledges every five years. The first evaluation of the implementation of the Paris Agreement is scheduled for 2023.63. Which of the following is not the result of greenhouse effect?A. Average temperature