打印挺好的初中介词用法总结与练习.doc

语法专题：介词用法精讲精练介词：英文缩写是prep.是英文preposition的缩写。介词是英语中最活跃的词类之一。同一个汉语词汇在英语中可译成不同的英语介词。例如汉语中的“用”可译成：（1）用英语（in English）；（2）用小刀（with a knife）；（3）用手工（by hand）；（4）用墨水（in ink）等。所以，千万不要以为记住介词的一两种意思就掌握了这个介词的用法，其实介词的用法非常广泛，搭配能力很强，越是常用的介词，其含义越多。1.表示地点位置的介词1)at ,in, on, to，for at (1)表示在小地方; (2)表示“在附近，旁边” in (1)表示 在大地方; (2)表示“在范围之内”。 on 表示毗邻，接壤，“在上面”。 to 表示在范围外，不强调是否接壤；或“到” 2)above, over, on 在上 above 指在上方,不强调是否垂直，与 below相对； over指垂直的上方,与under相对,但over与物体有一定的空间，不直接接触。on表示某物体上面并与之接触。 The bird is flying above my head. There is a bridge over the river. He put his watch on the desk. 3)below, under 在下面 under表示在正下方 below表示在下，不一定在正下方 There is a cat under the table. Please write your name below the line. 4)in front of, in the front of在前面 in front of意思是“在前面”，指甲物在乙物之前，两者互不包括；其反义词是behind（在的后面）。 There are some flowers in front of the house.(房子前面有些花卉。) in the front of 意思是“在.的前部”，即甲物在乙物的内部.反义词是at the back of（在范围内的后部）。 There is a blackboard in the front of our classroom. 我们的教室前边有一块黑板。 Our teacher stands in the front of the classroom. 我们的老师站在教室前.(老师在教室里) 5）beside，behind beside 表示在旁边 behind 表示在后面 2.表示时间的介词1)in , on，at 在时 in表示较长时间，如世纪、朝代、时代、年、季节、月及一般（非特指）的早、中、晚等。 如 in the 20th century, in the 1950s, in 1989, in summer, in January, in the morning, in ones life , in ones thirties等。 on表示具体某一天及其早、中、晚。 如on May 1st, on Monday, on New Years Day, on a cold night in January, on a fine morning, on Sunday afternoon等。 at表示某一时刻或较短暂的时间，或泛指圣诞节，复活节等。 如at 3:20, at this time of year, at the beginning of, at the end of , at the age of , at Christmas， at night, at noon, at this moment等。 注意：在last, next, this, that, some, every 等词之前一律不用介词。如：We meet every day. 2)in, after 在之后 “in +段时间”表示将来的一段时间以后； “after+段时间”表示过去的一段时间以后； “after+将来的时间点”表示将来的某一时刻以后。 3)from, since 自从 from仅说明什么时候开始，不说明某动作或情况持续多久； since表示某动作或情况持续至说话时刻，通常与完成时连用。since表示自（某具体时间）以来，常用作完成时态谓语 的时间状语。 since liberation（1980）自从解放（1980年）以来 They have been close friends since childhood 他们从小就是好朋友。 （1）since the war是指自从战争结束以来，若指自从战争开始以来，须说since the beginning of the war。 （2）不要将since与after混淆。 比较：He has worked here since 1965（指一段时间，强调时间段）自从1965年以来，他一直在这儿工作。 He began to work here after 1965 （指一点时间，强调时间点）从1965年以后，他开始在这儿工作。 4)after, behind 在之后 after主要用于表示时间； behind主要用于表示位置。 时间名词前介词用法口诀 年前周前要用in 具体日子要用on 遇到几号也用on 上午下午得是in 要说某日上下午 用on换in记清楚 午夜黄昏用at 黎明用它也不错 at用在时分前 说“差”可要用上to 说过要用past 3.表示运动方向的介词：across, through 通过，穿过 across表示横过,即从物体表面通过，与on有关，为二维 through穿过,即从物体内部穿过，与in有关，为三维。 4.表示“在之间”的介词：表示“在之间”的介词在英语中属于方位介词，如in front of ，behind ，on， in， near， under， up between, among between指在两个人或两个事物之间； among指在三个或三个以上的人或事物之间。 5.表示其他意义的介词1)on ,about 关于 on 表示这本书，这篇文章或演说是严肃的，或学术性的，可供专门研究这一问题的人阅读； about表示内容较为普通，不那么正式。 2)by, with, in 表示方法、手段、工具 by 以方法、手段或泛指某种交通工具； with 表示用 工具、手段，一般接具体的工具和手段； in 表示用方式，用语言(语调、笔墨、颜色)等； 3)except, besides 除了 except 除之外，不包括在内； besides 除之外，包括在内。 Except for Mr. Wang, we went to see the film.(王先生没去) Besides Mr. Wang, we also went to see the film.(王先生也去了) 常见搭配 1动词+介词，如： listen to, laugh at, write to, hear from, get to, look at, shout at, shout to, knock at, look for, look at, ask for, wait for, get on, get to, put on, turn on, operate on, take off, turn off, learn from, worry about . 2形容词+介词，如：be afraid of, be full of, be angry with, be strict with, be busy with, be good at, be good/bad for, be late for, be sorry for, be ready for, be famous for, be polite to, be far from. be close to 3名词+介词 / 介词+名词 the key to, the visit to, at home, in surprise, after class, for ever, on time, in time at last, at first, for example.三.巩固练习选词填空1. Taiwan is _ the southeast of China.（in, on, to）2. Go _ the bridge _ the river, youll find the shop.（across, through; over, above）3. I go to school _7:30 every morning.（in, on, at）4. He would like to meet her _8:00 and 9:00 tomorrow morning.（between, among ）5. The Greens have lived in China _ three years.（in, for, after）6. We go to school every day _ Saturday and Sunday.（except, besides）7. He wrote the letter _ ink.（by, with ,in）8. She returned to her country _five years.（in, after, for） 9. There is a big tree _ our classroom.（after, behind） 10. I usually go to work _ bike.（by, on, with） 单项选择1. Theres something _ her that I really dont like. A. with B. for C. to D. about 2. I was angry _ him for keeping me waiting. A. with B. to C. about D. on 3. _ going to French evening classes twice a week she does yoga(瑜伽) on Wednesdays A. Because of B. Except C. Besides D. But for 4. _cooking, writing and running the farm, she was very busy. A. Among B. Between C. Over D. As 5. _ one old lady, the bus was empty. A. Except B. Except for C. But D. Besides 6. They promise that the work would all be finished _ next week. A. until B. in C. by D. to 7. We didnt live together. We kept in touch _ writing often. A. with B. of C. on D. by 8. It was very kind of her. She insisted _ her car to us. A. to lend B. lending C. on lending D. in lending 9. Weve talked a lot _ cars. What about trains? A. of B. withC. about D. in 10. “How long have you been here?” “_ the end of last month.” A. In B. By C. At D. Since 11. The chemistry teacher required the students _ more attention _ the lab clean A. to pay, to keep B. to paying, to keepingC. to pay, to keeping D. paying, keeping 12. This exam is very important for her. She wont go home _the exam.A. until after B. after until C. until D. from 13. This suit fits me well _ the trousers are too long. A. only B. except for C. except that D. except 14. After a quick dinner, they set off _ car and made _ the nearest town. A. by, to B. in, to C. by, for D. in, for 看似相同，但意义有别的词组 英语中有一些介词词组和动词词组，它们从形式上看似乎基本相同，但在意义上却截然不同。要是我们在记忆上对这类词组不加以重视，使用时就很容易望文生义，甚至张冠李戴。为此，把这类词组归纳如下： (1) at table在进餐at the table在桌子旁（=beside the desk） (2) at desk在读书或做作业at the desk在书桌旁 (3) at school在校上学（指学生）at the school在学校（指教职工） (4) in front of the bus在公共汽车的前面（不在车上）in the front of the bus在公共汽车的前部（在车上） (5) at sea在航海中at the sea在海边 (6) by day白天by the day按日，论日 (7) behind time误期behind the time落后于时代 (8) in class在上课，在课内in the class在这个班 (9) in bed 卧床，在睡觉in the bed在床上 (10) in prison坐牢in the prison在监狱 (11) in red穿着红色的衣服in the red负债，亏损 (12) in hospital住院（指病人）in the hospital（因事）在医院 (13) in office在办公，执政in the office在办公室 (14) in secret秘密，私下in the secret参入秘密，参入阴谋 (15) in place of 代替，而不是in the place of在地方 (16) in case of万一，如果in the case of就来说，至于 (17) of age成年人of an age同龄人 (18) out of office离职out of the office离开办公室 (19) out of prison（因犯罪）出狱out of the prison（因事）从监狱出来 (20) out of question毫无疑问out of the question不可能，办不到 2）.含有介词的动词词组 (1) come out of hospital（病好）出院come out of the hospital（因事）从医院里出来 (2) come out of prison（刑满）释放come out of the prison（因事）从监狱里出来 (3) go to school去上学go to the school（因事）去学校 (4) go to college上大学go to the/a college去一所学校（办事） (5) go to bed上床睡觉go to the bed去床边 (6) go to hospital去住院go to the hospital（因事）去医院 (7) go to prison去坐牢go to the prison（因事）去监狱 (8) go to sea当海员go to the sea去海边 (9) go to court起诉go to the court（因事）去法庭 (10) go to church做礼拜go to the church（因事）去教堂 (11) keep house管理家务keep the house守在家里 (12) take place发生take the place代替 3）.有无冠词，意义无多大区别的介词词组 (1)at(the)most至多 (2)at(the)first起初 (3)all(the)day 整天 (4)catch(a)cold感冒 (5)in(the)future 将来 (6)in(the)memory of纪念 (7)go to(the)office 上班，去办公室 (8)go to(the)market 赶集，去市场 (9)on(a)holiday 在度假 (10)(the)day before yesterday 前天 (11)(the)most of 大多数 (12)with(a)smiling face 面带微笑初中介词搭配101)at once 立刻 2)at last 最后 3)at first 起先，首先 4)at the age of 在岁时 5)at the end of 在之末 6)at the beginning of 在之初 7)at the foot of 在脚下 8)at the same time 同时 9)at night/noon 在夜里/中午 10)with ones help 在某人的帮助下，由于某人的帮助 11)with the help of 在的帮助下 12)with a smile 面带笑容 13)with ones own eyes 亲眼看见 14)after a while 过了一会儿 15)from now on 从现在起 16)from then on 从那时起 17)far example 例如 18)far away from 远离 19)from morning till night 从早到晚 20)by and by 不久 21)by air mail 寄航空邮件 22)by bike/air/train/bus 骑自行车/乘飞机/火车/汽车 23)by ordinary mail 寄平信 24)by the way 顺便说 25)by the window 在窗边 26)by the end of 到底为止 27)little by little 逐渐地 28)in all 总共 29)in fact 事实上 30)in ones twenties 在某人二十几岁时 31)in a hurry 匆忙 32)in the middle of 在中间 33)in no time (in a minute) 立刻，很快 34)in time (on time) 及时 35)in public 公众，公开地 36)in order to 为了 37)in front of 在前面 38)in the sun 在阳光下 39)in the end 最后，终于 40)in surprise 惊奇地 41)in turn 依次 42)of course 当然 43)a bit (of) 有一点儿 44)a lot of 许多 45)a little 一点儿 46)on ones way to 某人在去的路上 47)on foot 步行，走路 48)a talk on space 一个关于太空的报告 49)on the other hand 另一方面 50)at/on the weekend 在周末 51)on the left (right) 在左(右)边 52)on the other side of 在另一边 53)on the radio 通过收音机(无线电广播) 54)to ones joy 使高兴的是 55)to ones surprise 使惊讶的是 介词与动词搭配 arrive inat到达 ask for要，请求do well in在方面做得好give in投降go on继续 hear from收到来信 hear of听说helps B.with sth.帮助做 laugh at嘲笑 learn from向学习leave for离开一地去另一地 talk to与谈话 go in for从事，致力于 put up穿上，挂上 take down拿下，取了look at（有意识地）看 speak to对某人说 send for派人去请shout at大声叫喊，吼叫take away拿走，带走think of考虑，关心 turninto把变成 wait for等候，等待take off脱下，起飞 turn onoff打开（关上）listen to听 look after照顾，照看 look for寻找 look like 看上去像get to 到达 point to 指着 fill with充满，装满 believe in信任begin with以开始dealdo with处置，对待 meet with偶尔遇见，遭遇 pass on传递 belong to属于depend on依靠，依赖write to写信给call on号召，访问，邀请 die of死于 look out向四下看，到处看 smile at向微笑 英语中考专题复习 介词部分( ) 1. China lies _ the east of Asia and _ the north of Australia. A. to; to B. in; to C. to; in D. in; on( ) 2. _ the afternoon of March 8, the women in the city had a big party. A. To B. In C. At D. On( ) 3. We all agree _ you. Lets start at once. A. to B. for C. with D. on( ) 4. Wheres Lily? We are all here _ her. A. besides B. about C. except D. with ( ) 5. Does your father go to work, _ foot or _ bike? A. on; with B. with; on C. by; on D. on; by( ) 6. Lucy was _ duty yesterday, but she forgot to clean the classroom. A. in B. on C. at D. of( ) 7. Timmy goes to school _ every day. Its 5 minutes walk from his home to school. A. in a bus B. by plane C. on foot D. by boat( ) 8. Mum, today is Mothers Day. Mike and I want to invite you to have dinner _ us at Shanghai Restaurant, which is famous _ its seafood. A. with; of B. with; for C. for; to D. to; for( ) 9. He has got a chair to sit _, but nobody to talk _. A. on; to B. /; with C. on; / D. /; to( ) 10. Jack has studied Chinese in this school _ the year of 2000. A. since B. in C. on D. by( ) 11. How are you going to the train station to meet your aunt? -Im going there _ my car.A. by B. in C. to D. on( ) 12. Andy often helps her mother _ the housework on Sunday afternoon. A. to B. with C. for D. of( ) 13. Youd better not go out now. its raining. -It doesnt matter. My new coat can keep _ rain.A. in B. of C. with D. off( ) 14. English is widely used _ travelers and business people all over the world. A. to B. for C. as D. by( ) 15. My sister usually thinks _ her own language first. Then she turns her words into English. A. by B. in C. with D. through( ) 16. Its kind _ you to come to see me. -Its a pleasure. You were so kind _ me. A. of; with B. for; with C. of; to D. for; to( ) 17. Is the manager in? -Sorry, he is out. But he will be back _ three oclock. A. in B. on C. until D. before( ) 18. _ the age of fifteen, she had written scores of articles for a newspaper. A. At B. Before C. Since D. By( ) 19. In China, the price of TV sets has been reduced _ 30% in the last three years. A. on B. by C. with D. for( ) 20. When you called on me, I was _ a visit to Mr Smith. A. on B. at C. in D. to( ) 21. Bob, you are wanted _ the phone. Thanks a lot. A. on B. by C. of D. for ( ) 22. The soil is made _ the dead leaves of the trees. A. up of B. of C. from D. by( ) 23. I didnt have any breakfast _ a cup of milk. A. besides B. except for C. except D. for( ) 24. Were sure youll be famous _ a writer before long. A. as B. for C. with D. by( ) 25. The writer often sat up far into the night working _ a new novel. A. for B. on C. with D. in( ) 26. You look