2015年职称英语综合B阅读理解+完型填空【精品】

第四部分 阅读理解 第一篇 Telling Tales about People One of the most common types of nonfiction, and one that many people enjoy reading, is stories about peoples lives. These stories fall into three general categories: autobiography, memoir, and biography. An autobiography is the story of a persons life written by himself or herself. Often it begins with the persons earliest recollections and ends in the present. Autobiography writers may not be entirely objective in the way they present themselves. However, they offer the reader a good look at the way they are and what makes them that way. People as diverse as Benjarmin Franklin and Helen Keller have written autobiographies. 1Other writers, such as James Joyce， have written thinly fictionalized accounts of their lives. These are not autobiographies， but they are very close to it. Memoirs, strictly speaking, are autobiographical accounts that focus as much on the events of the times as on the life of the author. 2Memoir writers typically use these events as backdrops for their lives. They describe them in detail and discuss their importance. Recently， though， the term memoir seems to be becoming interchangeab1e with autobiography. A memoir nowadays may or may not deal with the outside world. Biographies are factual accounts of someone elses life. In many senses， these may be the hardest of the three types to write. Autobiography writers know the events they write about because they lived them. But biography writers have to gather information from as many different sources as possible. Then they have to decide which facts to include. Their goal is to present a balanced picture of a person， not one that is overly positive or too critical. A fair well-presented biography may take years to research and write. 练习： 1. This passage is mostly about _. A. the characteristics of autobiographies， memoirs， and biographies B. famous autobiographies C. why biography can be difficult to write D. differences between autobiographies and memoirs 2. Helen Keller wrote_. A. a memoir B. an autobiography C. a work of fiction D. a biography 3. Autobiography writers are not always objective because they_. A. feel they have to make up details to make their books sell B. constantly compete with biography writers C. want to present themselves in a good light D. have trouble remembering the good times 4. The writer introduces each category in the passage by_. A. defining it B. giving an example C. explaining why it is hard to write D. telling when people first began writing it 5. Diverse means_. A. able to swim in deep water B. similar or alike C. varied or different D. enjoying poetry 译文：第一篇 讲述关于人们的故事 最普遍的非小说类文学作品类型之一就是一些描述人们生活的故事，并且很多人喜欢阅读这 类作品。这些故事大致分为 三类：自传、回忆录和传记。 自传是作者记录自己故事的文章。通常自传会、以作者最早期的回忆开始并以对现在情况的总 结作为结束。自传的作者也许不会完全客观地介绍自己。然而，他们给读者提供了一个途径来了 解自己比较好的行事风格和为何成就这样的 &己。就像本杰明 ?富兰克林和海伦 ?凯勒一样，各 种各样的人们已经写了自传。其他的作者就像詹姆斯 ?乔伊斯一样仅仅写了关于自己生活的虚构 小说。这些不是自传，但是它们和自传非常相近。 严格意义上来讲，回忆录是既注重作者本身的生活经历，也注重其所处的时代所发生的事件 的自传 性的描述。回忆录作者通常把这些事件作为他们生活的背景。他们详细地描述这些事件并 论述这些事件的重要性。虽然近些年，回忆录这个词似乎开始变得可以和自传互换，但是目前回 忆录也许还没有因外界评论而有所改变。 传记事实上是记录（作者以外 ).其他人的生活。在很多方面，传记也许是这三种非小说类文 学作品中最难写的了。自传作者知悉他们所写的事件因为他们就生活在其中。但是传记作者不得 不尽量从很多不同的渠道来收集信息。然后他们不得不决定包含哪种事实。他们的目标是用比较 全面的图片来介绍一个人物，并不是过于萝极也不是过于批 判。一个公正并详尽的传记也许要花 费许多年来研究并进行书写。 第二篇 Outside-the-classroom Learning Makes a Big Difference Putting a bunch of college students in charge of a $300,000 Dance Marathon, fundraiser surely sounds a bit risky1.When you consider the fact that the money is supposed to be given to children in need of medical care, you might call the idea crazy. Most student leaders dont want to spend a large amount of time on something they care little about, said 22-year-old University of Florida student Darren Heitner. He was the Dance Marathons operations officer for two years. Yvonne Fangmeyer, director of the student organization office at the University of Wisconsin, conducted a survey in February of students involved in campus organizations2. She said the desire for friendship was the most frequently cited reason for joining. At large universities like Fangmeyers, which has more than 40,000 students, the students first of all want to find a way to belong in their own corner of campus. Katie Rowley, a Wisconsin senior, confirms the surveys findings.I wanted to make the campus feel smaller by joining an organization where I could not only get involved on campus butalso find a group of friends. All of this talk of friendship, however, does not mean that students arent thinking about their resumes. I think that a lot of people do join to fatten up their resume, said Heitner.At the beginning of my college career, I joined a few of these organizations, hoping to get a start in my leadership roles. But without passion student leaders can have a difficult time trying to weather the storms that come. For example, in April, several student organizations at Wisconsin teamed up3 for an event designed to educate students about homelessness and poverty. Student leaders had to face the problem of solving disagreements, moving the event because of rainy weather, and dealing with the universitys complicated bureaucracy. Outside-of the classroom learning really makes a big difference, Fangmeyer said. 1. An extracurricular activity like raising a fund of $300,000 is risky because most student leaders_. A) are lazy B) are stupid C) are not rich enough D) will not take an interest in it 2.Atherican students join campus organizations mostly for_. A) making a difference B) gaining experience C) building friendship D) improving their resumes 3.Who is Katie Rowley? _. A) Shes a senior professor B) Shes a senior student C) Shes a senior official D) Shes a senior citizen 4.What do student leaders need to carry an activity through to a successful end? _. A) Passion. B) Money. C) Power. D) Fame. 5.The phrasal verb fatten up in paragraph 6 could be best replaced by_. A) invent B) rewrite C) polish D) complete 译文：课外学习带来很大不同 让一群大学生去负责募集 30万美元的马拉松式的跳舞活动，这种募捐听起来肯定有点儿冒险。当你知道这笔募捐款是提供给需要医疗护理的儿童，你可能会觉得这个想法很疯狂。 佛罗里达大学一个 22岁的学生 Darren Heitner 说大多学生领导者不想在他们不太关 注的事情上花太多时间。他任马拉松式跳舞经营部经理两年了。 Yvornne Fangmeyer 是威斯康星大学学生组织办公室主任，在二月组织了一次学生参加校园组织的调查。她说增进友谊是大家提到最多的参加校园组织的原因。 像 Fangmeyer 的大学那样规模很大的学校，有 4万多学生，学生首先想要找到属于们的校园一角。 威斯康星大四的学生 Katie Rowley 肯定了调查结果。 我加入校园组织希望让校园感觉上变得小一些，这样不仅可以投入到校园生活中还可以交到很多朋友 。 这些关于友谊的看法并不意味着学 生不考虑他们的经历。 Heitner 说： 我认为很多人加入校园组织来丰富经历，刚上大学的时候，我加入了一些校园组织，希望培养自己的领导能力。 但是如果没有热情，学生领导者很难经受风雨考验。例如，在四月份，威斯康星大学几个学生组织展开了一项活动，向学生讲述无家可归和贫困。学生领导必须面对一些问题，比如解决争论，受雨天影响而更改活动日期，同学校复杂的机构打交道。 Fangmeyer 说： 课外的这种学习确实带来很大不同。 第三篇 Shark Attack! Craig Rogers was sitting on his surfboard, scanning the distance for his next wave， when his board suddenly stopped moving. He looked down and was terrified to see a great white shark biting the front of his board. I could have touched its eye with my elbow, says Craig. The shark had surfaced so quietly that he hadnt heard a thing. In his horror and confusion， he waved his arms and accidentally cut two of his fingers on the sharks teeth. He then slid off the opposite side of his surfboard into the water. Then, with Craig in the water and blood flowing from his fingers， the five-meter-long shark simply swam away, disappearing into the water below. Although sharks are often categorized as killers that hunt and eat as many humans as they can, this is factually inaccurate. Sharks very rarely kill humans. A person has a greater chance of being struck by lightning or drowning in a bath than of being killed by a shark. Only 74 people have been reported killed by great whites in the last century. But great white sharks can reach six meters in length and weigh 2,200 kilograms or more. With frightening jaws that can hold up to 3,000 teeth arranged in several rows， they could very easily kill and eat a helpless human in the water. Why is it, then, that most people survive attacks by great whites? Shark researchers are trying to comprehend the reasons that allow people to escape without being eaten. The most common explanation is that great whites dont see well. It has been thought that they mistake people for the seals or sea lions which make up a large part of their diet. There is reason to doubt this， however. Recent information shows that great whites can actually see very well. Also， when attacking seals, great whites shoot up to the surface and bite with great force. When approaching humans, however, they most often move in slowly and bite less hard. They soon discover that humans are not a high fat meal. They spit us out because were too bony, says Aidan Martin， director of Reef Quest Center for Shark Research. Shark researchers like Martin hypothesize that great whites are actually curious animals that like to investigate things. Its possible that they use their bite not only to kill and eat, but also to gather information. Although such an experience is unlucky for people like Craig Rogers, when sharks bite surfboards or other objects or people， they are likely just trying to learn what they are. 练习： 1. After Craig Rogers fell into the water, the shark_. A) bit his surfboard B) bit his fingers C) swam away D) attacked him 2. It is difficult for the author to understand why great whites_. A) often let humans escape B) kill humans C) have so many teeth D) grow to six meters or more 3. Which of the following is closest in meaning to make up in line 2 of paragraph 4? A) create. B) are. C) increase. D) depend upon. 4. The word their in line 2 of paragraph 4 means_. A) peoples B) great whites C) sea lions D) seals 5.What is the main idea of the fourth paragraph? A) Great whites eat low-fat, bony meals more slowly. B) Great whites see well enough to include seals, sea lions, and humans in their diet. C) We now know great whites dont mistake humans for other animals. D) There is reason to doubt that great whites see well enough to attack humans. 参考译文第三篇小心鲨鱼！ 克雷格 ?罗杰斯正坐在他的冲浪板上估算着下一波浪离他还有多远，就在这时冲浪板不动了。他低头向水下看，惊悚的一幕出现了：一条大白鲨正在撕咬冲浪板的前端。 我的肘部可能都已经碰到了它的眼睛 ，克雷格谈道。原来，这条鲨鱼悄悄地浮上了水面，完全没让克雷格听到。 克雷格惊慌害怕，手足无措，但是偶然之间他被鲨鱼咬掉了两支手指，然后随着滑板翻了个个儿，他也掉进水里。就在那时，处于水中的克雷格两支手指鲜血直流，但这条五米 长的鲨鱼却径直游开，消失在深海之中。 虽然鲨鱼常被认为是疯狂杀人的猎手，但事实上这是不准确的。鲨鱼很少猎杀人类。比起被鲨鱼杀死，人类更有可能被闪电击中或是淹死在浴缸中。在上个世纪，有报道的只有 74人命丧鲨鱼之口。然而大白鲨可以长封 6米长、 2200公斤重或是更重。 3000颗牙齿排成数排长在鲨鱼那可怕的血盆大口中，它们可以轻易杀死并吃掉无助的落水者。但为什么大多数人受到大白鲨攻击之后都能鲨口逃生呢？鲨鱼研究者们正在努力寻找使得人类鲨口脱险的原因。 最常用的解释是说大白鲨的视力不好。人们认为大白鲨会把人类 错当成是海豹或是海狮，后两者是鲨鱼的主要食物来源。但是人类又找到了理由来质疑这一论断。最近的研究信息表明大白鲨视力不错。并且当大白鲨在攻击海豹时，它们会迅速窜上海面，用力撕咬。但当大白鲨在攻击人类时，它们在大多数情况下会慢慢浮上海面，撕咬的力度也轻得多。它们很快就会发现人类的肉不够肥。 它们把我们吐出来是因为我们太瘦了 ，艾丹 ?马丁说道，他是鲨鱼研究暗礁搜索中心的领头人。 诸如马丁这样的鲨鱼研究者们提出了这样一种假设：大白鲨实际上是一种好奇心很重的动物，它们喜欢探索新鲜事物。有可能它们撕咬物体不仅仅是为 了猎杀和吃掉，也是为了搜集信息。虽然这种经历对于像克雷格 罗杰斯这些人来说很不幸，但是当鲨鱼在撕咬冲浪板，或是别的物体，甚至是人类时，很可能它们只是在尽量了解那到底是个什么东西。 第四篇 Feast on Turkey and Good Wishes at Thanksgiving Four weeks ago US children dressed as monsters and asked for sweets. That was Halloween2.In a few weeks American houses will, be red and green and filled with presents ,for Christmas3. As if all this isnt enough, on Thursday this week, America will enjoy another festival 一 Thanksgiving. Children will have two days off school, shops will close and houses will be filled with families enjoying mountains of food. Every year, in Gainesville, Florida, an entire class celebrate Thanksgiving together. The class dresses up and puts on plays for their families. After the plays the families share a feast of traditional Thanksgiving foods like turkey and pumpkin pie. Dean Foster, an 11-year-old boy will take part in this celebration. He said:I love Thanksgiving because it means time off school, lots of nice food and a happy family. His brother Ben, nine, said:The best thing about Thanksgiving ,is that when it is finished ,it is time to start Christmas. But behind the food and the large amount of money spent there is another message. On Thursday evening, Dean and Bens family will make a basket and put it on the table as they eat their evening meal. Each of them will write a list of things that they are thankful for and place the paper in the basket. The family will read the pieces of paper and take time to thank God and each other for providing them with comfortable and happy lives. Thanksgiving is a traditional festival that started in 1621, when the first pilgrims arrived in America to start a new life. After a hard year, they had a big autumn harvest. They held a feast and invited the native American Indians along to thank God for giving them enough food. Many countries celebrate Thanksgiving. They often fall after the fields have been harvested and the crops collected for winter. 练习： 1.On Halloween, children in the United States often dress up as_. A) ghosts B) players C) pilgrims D) visitors 2.When are turkey and pumpkin pie eaten? _. A) On Halloween. B) On Thursday. C) On Thanksgiving. D) On Christmas Day. 3.Thanksgiving is the time for the American people to thank God for_. A) looking after them B) providing them with comfortable and happy lives C) clothing them D) protecting them 4.Many children in the United States like Thanksgiving because_. A) they can stay with their parents at home and eat a lot of nice food B) they can dress up like monsters C) they can put on plays D) they can visit American Indians 5.The first pilgrims settled in America in_. A) 1621 B) 1620 C) 1622 D) 1619 译文：火鸡盛宴和感恩节的祝福 四周前美国的孩子打扮成魔鬼，四处要糖吃。这就是万圣节 。 几周之后就是圣诞节，美国的房子都会染成红色和绿色，里面充满了礼物。 似乎这一切还不够，这周的星期二，美国人还会庆祝另外一个节日 感恩节。 孩子们有两天不上课，商店歇业，房子里面家人喜欢的食物堆成了山。每年在 Gainesville, 佛罗里达，整个一个班会一起庆祝感恩节。整个班会打扮起来，为家人表演剧目。剧目过后一家人分享一顿传统的感恩节美食，比如火鸡和南瓜饼。 Dean Foster, 一个 11 岁的男孩愿意加入这次庆祝。他说： 我喜欢感恩节，因为不用上学，有很多好吃的，还有快乐的家庭聚 会。 他 9 岁的弟弟 Ben 说，感恩节最好的地方，就是它结束时就是圣诞节开始的时候。 但是在食物和花掉的大笔的钱背后有另一层寓意。周二晚上， Dean 和 Ben 的家人会做一个篮子，吃晚饭的时候把它放在桌子上。 每个人会把他们要感谢的东西列在一张单子上，放在篮子里。一家人会读出每一张单子上写的内容，花时间感谢上帝，感谢彼此给予这样舒适幸福的生活。 感恩节是一具传统节日，起源于第一批朝圣者来到美洲开始新生活的时候。艰苦的第一年后，在秋天取得了大丰收。他们举行了盛宴，并邀请了当地的土著印第安人一起 感谢上帝给予他们充足的食物。 很多国家庆祝感恩节，时间经常是在庄稼成熟，收割完毕准备过冬之后。 第五篇 The Travels of Ibn Battuta I left Tangier, my birthplace, the 13th of June 1325 with the intention of making the pilgrimage to Mecca. to leave all my friends both female and male, to abandon my home as birds abandon their nests. So begins an old manuscript in a library in Paristhe travel journal of Ibn Battuta. Almost two centuries before Columbus, this young Moroccan set off for Mecca, returning home three decades later as one of historys great travelers. Driven by curiosity, he journeyed to remote comers of the Islamic world, traveling through 44 modem countries, three times as far as Marco Polo. Little celebrated in the West2, his name is well known among Arabs. In his hometown of Tangier, a square, a hotel, a cafe, a ferry boat, and even a hamburger are named after him. Ibn Battuta stayed in Mecca as a student for several years, but the urge to travel soon took over. In one adventure, he traveled to India seeking profitable employment with the Sultan of Delhi.3 On the way, he described his group being attacked in the open country by 80 men on foot, and two horsemen： we fought . killing one of their horsemen and about twelve of the foot soldiers .I was hit by an arrow and my horse by anothe r, but God in his grace preserved me . We carried the heads of the slain to the castle of Abu Bak, har . and suspended them from the wall. In Delhi, the sultan gave him the position of judge, based on his prior study at Mecca. But the sultan had an unpredictable character, and Ibn Battuta looked for an opportunity to leave. When the sultan offered to finance a trip to China, he agreed. Ibn Battuta set off in three ships, but misfortune struck while he was still on the shore. A sudden storm grounded and broke up two ships, scattering treasure and drowning many people and horses. As he watched, the third ship, with all his belongings and slaves 一 one carrying his childwas carried out to sea and never heard from again. After a lifetime of incredible adventures, Ibn Battuta was finally ordered by the Sultan of Morocco to return home to share his wisdom with the world. Fortunately, he consented and wrote a book that has been translated into numerous languages, allowing people everywhere to read about his unparalleled journeys. 练习： 1.What is the passage mainly about? A) Visitors to Mecca. B) The adventures of Ibn Battuta. C) Ibn Battutas character. D) Asian countries of the 14th century. 2.Which of the following is closest in meaning to set off for in line 5? A) left to go to. B) discussed. C) arrived at. D) decided upon. 3.The Sultan of Delhi gave Ibn Battuta a position of judge because ? . A) the sultan needed a translator. B) Ibn Battuta had been a judge before. C) Ibn Battuta had studied in Mecca. D) Ibn Battuta had traveled to many countries. 4.Which of the following would the writer of this passage most likely agree with? A) Ibn Battutas journeys were very common for people of that time. B) Ibn Battutas stories are probably not true. C) Ibn Battutas journey was less important than Marco Polos. D) Ibn Battuta should be better known in the West today. 5.Why did Ibn Battuta finally return to his home? A) He was tired of traveling. B) He didnt have any more money. C) He feared the Sultan of Delhi. D) The Sultan of Morocco asked him to return. 译文：伊本白图泰游记 1325年 6月 13日，我离开了家乡丹吉尔，打算前往麦加朝圣。我告别了所有的朋友，如鸟儿离巢般，告别故土。 这便是伊本白图泰游记的序言。这份旧的手稿存放在巴黎一家图书馆里。 这个年轻的摩洛哥人所处的年代比哥伦布的年代要早了几乎两个世纪，从他出发去麦加算起， 30年之后伊本白图泰才回到故乡，那时的他已经晋升到历史上伟大旅行家的行列。出于好奇，他游历了伊斯兰世界的各个角落，足迹遍布了 44座现代城市，总行程是马可波罗的 3倍。虽然在西方社会不怎么有名，伊本 白图泰在阿拉伯国家却家喻户晓。在伊本白图泰的故乡丹吉尔，有以他命名的广场、旅店、咖啡馆、渡船，甚至汉堡。 伊本白图泰以学生的身份在麦加待了几年，但对于游历的渴望很快又让他重新出发。有一次他来到印度，在德里的苏丹王那里谋到了一份收入颇丰的工作。他写到，在去德里的路上，他的队伍在野外被 80名步兵和 2位马夫攻击： 我们进行了殊死搏斗 杀死他们的一位马夫和差不多 12名步兵 我和马都中了箭，但是多谢真主的恩赐，最后我活了下来 我们背着亡者的头颅前往阿布巴卡尔的城堡 并把这些头颅挂在城墙上。 因为有在麦加 的学习经历，德里的苏丹王给伊本白图