unit2 连词.doc

连词连 词连词的定义连词的分类常见连词的用法时间状语连词地点状语连词原因状语连词条件状语连词结果状语连词【常考点】1掌握并列连词and，but，or，so等在并列句中的用法；2掌握常用的从属连词when，after，before，as soon as，because，if等在复合句中的用法。一、连词的定义 连词是一种虚词，它不能单独作句子成分，而用来连接词与词、短语与短语或句子与句子的作用，也没有词形变化。 二、连词的分类主要分为两类：并列连词和从属连词。并列连词 and 和，并且 bothand 和， 既也 but 但是，而 eitheror 或或， 要么要么 for因为 从属连词 When 当时，after 在之后，before 在之前，as soon as 一就，because 因为，if 如果 三、常见连词的用法（一）并列连词用法示例与解析：“ and” 1. He got up and left the room.他起床离开了房间2. He went to Kunming and I went to Harbin last year.他去年去了昆明我去了哈尔滨。 特别用法：句型 “祈使句， and ”= If you, you will 3. Work hard, and you will do well in the exam.努力学习你就能考好。 “or” 或者，否则 1. Tom or I am right. (or连接两个名词或代词做主语时谓语动词依照后面的词而定。)要么是汤姆要么是我对了。 2. Would you like coffee or tea?你想喜欢喝茶还是咖啡？特别用法: 句型 “祈使句， or”= If you dont , you will 3. Hurry up, or you will miss the bus.快点，否则你将要错过汽车。 “but” 1. She is sixty, but she still looks young.她六十，但是看上去还很年轻。 2. She is tired but happy.她很累但很幸福。 3. I came here not for myself but for my son.我来这不是为我自己而是为我的儿子。 4. Mary likes piano but Tom doesnt (like可以省略).玛丽喜欢钢琴然而汤姆不喜欢。 “for” 1. I went to sleep soon, for I was very tired.我马上要去睡觉了，因为我很累。2. The sun has risen，for the birds are singing.太阳升起来了，因为鸟儿在歌唱。 比较：表示原因，译为“因为”， 表示说明、解释。与because不同，用于解释某事的原因、动机，强调因果关系。用于回答why引导的问句。“both and ” 1. Both you and I are Chinese.我和你都是中国人2. I like both sports and music.我喜欢运动也喜欢音乐。 特别用法: bothand的否定句表示部分否定。 3. He cant play both tennis and volleyball. 它并不是既会打网球又会打排球。eitheror, neithernor 1. Either you or she is wrong. 2. Can you speak either French or English? 3. Neither the teacher nor the students like this song.4. Neither the students nor the teacher likes this song 特别提示: 用eitheror, neithernor连接两个名词或代词做主语时，谓语动词依照后面的词而定。比较: bothand, eitheror, neithernor的相互关系：肯定句: 1. I like both A and B.否定句: 2. I dont like both A and B.= I like either A or B.否定句: 3. I dont like either A or B.= I like neither A nor B. “Not onlybut also” 1. Not only you but also your father is coming.2. Not only your father but also you are coming. (连接两个名词或代词做主语时，谓语动词依照后面的词而定。) 3. She learns not only English but also Japanese. Yet 可是，却，然而 I dont know him, yet I can get his help. 我不认识他,但我会得到他的帮助。 My room is small yet cozy. 我的房间很小,但很舒适。 Has he finished the work yet? 那工作他做完了没有? 现在完成时里用yet.While 1. 当.的时候,和.同时She listened closely while he read the letter. 他读信时,她听得很仔细。 Ill take care of your children while you are away. 你不在时我会照顾你的孩子的。 We must strike while the iron is hot. 我们必须趁热打铁。 2.而,然而I like tea while she likes coffee. 我喜欢喝茶,而她喜欢喝咖啡。 3. 虽然,尽管 While I like the color of the hat, I do not like its shape. 虽然我喜欢这顶帽子的颜色,但我不喜欢它的形状。 基础过关1Which is bigger, the sun _ the moon? A. or B. and C. but D. so 【解析】选择疑问句用or。答案：A 2. Hurry up, _ we will miss the train. A. but B. and C. or D. so 【解析】句型 “祈使句, or”= If you dont , you will 答案：C and ”= If you, you will 3. He hurt her _ badly _ she had to see a doctor. A. too, that B. so , that C. either, or D. too, to 解析：sothat如此以至于常可与tooto 互换 但是too, that 是肯定不能搭配的。 Either, or 或者或者的意思。句意 他伤太严重了以至于她不得不去看医生。 答案：B 4. Look out! The traffic is moving fast. Its _ dangerous _ cross the street. A. very, to B. so, to C. much, to D. too, to 解析：tooto太以至于不能 可与sothat 互换。小心，车速太快了，过街太危险了。 答案为D 5. Why didnt Nick come to school yesterday?“ _ he was ill. A. After B. Where C. When D. Because 解析：用why提问，回答原因用because。6. I wont go to the party tomorrow. “ _ you told me you would . Whats happening? A. But B. So C. And D. Or 【解析】句意：“我明天不能去聚会了。”“但是你告诉我你会去的。发生了什么？”表示转折用but。答案：A 7. - Be careful! Dont break the bottles. Do you hear _ I said, David? -Yes, mum. A. What B. that C. how D. if 解析：句意：你听见我说什么了吗？故用what引导宾语从句。答案：A 能力提高1.John plays football _, if not better than, David.A. as well B. as well as C. so well D. so well as解析：该题意为John踢足球如果不比David好的话，那也踢得和David一样好。 和一样好为as well as。故该题正确答案为B。2.She thought I was talking about her daughter, _, in fact, I was talking about my daughter.A. when B. where C. which D. while【解析 句意为：她认为我在讨论她的女儿，然而实际上我在说我的女儿。 该处意为“然而”，只有while有此意思，故选D。答案：D 3Would you like a cup of coffee _ shall we get down to business right away?A. and B. then C. or D. otherwise解析：你想喝杯咖啡还是我们直接谈生意？ 该处意为“或者”，正确答案为C。答案：C 4. When I got the news that the ship would sink, I was _ frightened _ my legs couldnt move forward. A. so, that B. very, that C. too, that D. too, to 【解析】当我听到船将要下沉，我是如此的害怕以至于我的腿不能向前挪动。 sothat如此以至于。Too to 后面加动原。答案：A 5. Beijing has _ many buses that there is often a traffic jam in rush hours. A. so B. such C. too D. much 【解析】so many that。Sothat;suchthat 都表示如此以至于，但有many, much修饰名词时一定用so 答案：A （二）从属连词 从属连词包括状语从句连词，宾语从句连词。表语从句连词，主语从句连词。 1.状语从句连词。引导时间状语从句的从属连词有：when，while，as，after，before，since，until，as soon as等。例如： I have studied English since I was eight years old. 我从八岁就开始学习英语。 He didnt know it until you told him直到你告诉他，他才知道这件事。 I will call you as soon as I arrive at Shanghai. 我一到上海就给你打电话。 2引导原因状语从句的从属连词有：because，as，since，for等。例如：Jim didnt go to school yesterday because he was ill吉姆昨天没上学，因为他病了。Since we ve no money，we cant buy a new car因为我们没钱，没法买新车。3引导地点状语从句的从属连词有：where，wherever等。Put it where you found it把它放在原来的地方。 Dont forget me wherever you go . 无论你去哪里都不要忘了我。 4引导条件状语从句的从属连词有：if，unless，in case，as long as等。例如：If it doesnt rain tomorrow，we will go to the zoo如果明天不下雨，我们就去动物园。Even if you fail again，you shouldnt lose heart即使再次失败你也不应该灰心。 It is hard for you to stay healthy unless you take regular exercise.除非你经常性的锻炼保持健康将对你很难。5引导目的状语从句的从属连词有：so that，in order that等。例如：Speak clearly so that they may understand you你要讲得清楚，他们才能听得懂。 In order that every student might understand it, the teacher explained that passage again and again.为了使每个学生都明白, 老师反复讲解那一段。 6引导让步状语从句的从属连词有：though，although， even though等。例如：Although he was tired，he went on working尽管他累了，但他仍继续工作。 Though he is rich, his life is not happy. 他虽然很有钱,但生活并不幸福。 He will come on time even though it rains. 即使下雨,他还是会准时来的。7引导方式状语从句的从属连词有：as，as if，as though等。例如：It looks as if it is going to rain看起来要下雨了。When in Rome，do as the Roman do入乡随俗。 He treats his elder sister as though she were a stranger. 他待他姐姐如陌生人。 8引导比较状语从句的从属连词有：as.as.，not so.as.，than等。例如：I study harder than he does我学习比他刻苦。 Your bag is twice as expensive as mine.你的袋子比我的贵一倍9引导结果状语从句的从属连词有：so.that.， such.that.等。例如：The bus is so full that I cant turn around公共汽车上人太多以至我无法转身。 It was such a hot day that they went swimming由于天气太热，所以他们游泳去了。二、宾语从句的连词 引导宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句的从属连词有： that，if，whether，what，when，why，where，how等。例如：I dont know whether he will come or not我不知道他是否会来。注意：if有两个意思，当“是否”讲，引导宾语从句，引导由一 般疑问句转变而来的宾语从句；作“如果，假如”讲时，引导 条件状语从句，此时若主句为将来时或祈使句时，从句用一 般现在时。即我们平时常说的“主将从现”。例如：We will go to the Great Wall if it doesnt rain tomorrow如果明天不下雨，我们就去长城玩。 (本句为if引导的条件状语从句，故主句用一般将来时，从句用了一般现在时。if在句中作“如果”讲。)I dont know if he will come tomorrow 我不知道他明天会不会来。(本句为if引导的宾语从句，在句中作“是否”讲。) 基础过关1. _Tom _ Mary speaks good Chinese，so they can communicate with these Chinese students very wellANeither；nor BNot only；but also CBoth；and DEither；or【解析】答案为D。本题考查的是表示并列关系的并列连词。题干提到“所以他们能够很好地和这些中国学生交流”，说明汤姆和玛丽都能说好汉语，neithernor意为“既不也不”，not onlybut also意为“不仅而且”，bothand.意为“和(两者)都”，eitheror意为“或者或者”。又因为用eitheror.结构时，句子谓语动词的使用要遵循就近一致的原则，故选择D。2. Little Helen is very young，_she knows a lot of things Abut Bas soon as Cso DSince【解析】答案为A。本题考查的是连词。根据句意“Helen很小，但是知道很多事”可知要用转折关系的连词but，故选择A。 3. Listen! It is still noisy in the head teachers office Go and see _ they have finished correcting the Papers yetAthough Bwhether Cunless Dwhile 解析】答案为B。本题考查的是连词在宾语从句中的运用。根据句意“去看看他们是否已经改完试卷”可以推断出用whether表达“是否”的意思，故选择B。4. _they may not succeed，they will try their bestAThough BWhen CBecause DUnless 【解析】答案为A。本题考查的是由though引导的让步状语从句。根据句意“尽管他们也许不会成功，但是他们还会尽最大努力。”可知选择A。5. My uncle has taught in this school _ he was twenty years oldAsince Bfor Cuntil Dafter 【解析】答案为A。本题考查的是连词在时间状语从句中的运用。根据句意“我叔叔自从20岁就在这所学校教书。”判断选择since，表示“从起”，故选择A。能力提高1.Im going to look for another job_the company offers me more money.A. after B. unlessC. when D. for答案: 句意为除非公司给我更多工资，否则我就要找其它工作。 除非 unless 答案2.Do you speak English?Yes, I speak_ a little English_some French.A. neither, notB. both, or C. either, or D. not only, but also答案：你说英语吗？ 是的，我不但能说些英语还能说些法语。 答案为3._ the maths problem is difficult, Ill try very hard to work it out.A. Though B. WhenC. Before D. After答案：（选择的同学要注意语境，不能说当题目难的时候，我将努力，而是说尽管题目难，但我将努力解决。）4.Oh，its raining heavily. Please dont leave _ it stops.A. when B. afterC. since D. until答案: 噢，下了很大的雨。 请雨停了再走。直到才，notuntil 答案为D 5. He knows _ English _ French. But hes very good at Japanese.A. either; or B. both; andC. neither; nor D. either; nor答案：由于but的转折意思，前面应该是不擅长或者不会。排除A，B ；D本身就不是一个正确的搭配，所以答案 非谓语动词语法专项被动特例补语do宾语主语不定式非谓语动词to do 与doing的区别状语to do 定语难点补语表语动名词分词一.非谓语动词的定义： 动词不作谓语用，不定式、分词与动名词。to加原形不定式，词组可做名词、副词、形容词。现在分词和过去分词，相当于副词和形容词。原形加上“ing”，动词具有名词性。 1.动词不定式构成：一般形式to do否定形式not to do特殊疑问句式what to dohow to do itWhy to do itWhen to do it2.动词不定式的句法功能 功能例句说明主语To speak English is not easy for us. It is not easy for us to speak English. It takes me thirty minutes to walk to school every day.作主语用的不定式，常常用it 作形式主语，而把不定式放在后面表语My work is to clean the room every day. To clean the room every day is my work. 多数情况下， 不定式作表语，可转换为作主语。功能例句说明宾语What sports does he like to play? He likes to play basketball. 只能作某些动词的宾语，一般不作介词的宾语。 补语 She asked me not to speak Chinese in an English class. 在make, let , see, hear, watch等动词后，不定式省略to。 定语Have you got anything to eat. 不定式作定语，要放在所修饰词的后面。状语I am sorry to trouble you. I went to the library to study English .不定式作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致。 注意：1. 作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系，要在不定式之后加适当的介词。 I need a room to live in . 2. 不定式作下列动词的宾语。 四个希望两答应，（hope, wish, want, would like, agree, promise）三个要求莫拒绝，( ask, require，demand， refuse) 设法学会做决定，（manage，try, learn, decide）不要假装在选择。pretend choose 告诉命令要开始, ( tell, order, start, begin) 提供鼓励莫迟疑。(offer, encourage) 基础过关1.Granny often tells us water in our daily life. Asave B. saving C. to save D. saves【解析】tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人做某事 2. -We can use QQ to chat with each other on the Internet. -Really? Will you please show me it. A how to use B. what to use B how can I use D. what can I use 【解析】句中指怎么用，而从句又要用陈述语气，故选A 3. His parents often encourage him hard. A. work B. working C. to work D. works 【解析】encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事 He always encourages me to try my best. 他总是鼓励我要竭尽全力。4.The boy promised_late for school again.A to not be B. not to be Cnot being D. being not 【解析】四个希望两答应。promise 后都接to do 作宾语。 肯定形式是：promise to do 否定形式是：promise not to do 5. It took Li Ming an hour_his bike yesterday. A. to repair B. repairing C. repaired D. repair 【解析】花费句型 it takes sb. some time to do sth. 常考句型，it is adj. for / of sb. to do sth. 两个句型都是动词不定式作主语。 能力提高1.He made some toys_his little son. Aplease B. to please C. pleasing D. pleased【解析】 有的学生会看到 make 而选择 A。要看后面please his little son 是使他的小儿子开心。因此是表示目的。动词不定式做目的状语的用法。 2.Who do you think youd like_with you, a boy or a girl?Ato let to go B. letting to go C. to let go D. let go【解析】句意：你想让谁跟你一起去，一个男孩还是女孩。 would like to do sth. let sb. do sth. 都是固定搭配。 3.I cant help_housework at home because I am busy with my homework. A.doing B. to do C. done D. with doing 【解析】同学看到cant help doing禁不住做某事，选择了A. 但根据句意：我在家不能帮忙做家务，因为我忙于做家庭作业。 help (to) do sth. 4. He is too old the box.A.to carry B. carrying C. carry D. carries 【解析】too to 太而不能与so that如此以至于可以互换。这两个句型是中考常考句型。 5. Tom often makes his little sister , but yesterday he was made_by his sister.Acry, to cry B. to cry , cry C.cry, cry D. to cry, to cry【解析】 make sb. do sth. 是省略to 的不定式的固定用法。 被动语态的时候to 要加回来。He was made to cry by his sister.一感，二听，三让， 四看的被动，let 通常不用于被动语态。 不定式作宾语补足语 tell, ask, want, allow, get, would like, warn ,encourage 后常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语。 1.Before going to the History museum, our teacher told us the public rules. Aobey B. to obey C. obeying D. obeyed 【解析】tell sb. to do sth. 固定表达，答案为B2. We have two rooms , but I cant decide . A. to live , to choose which one B. lived, choose which one C. to live in , which one to choose D. live, which one. 【解析】第一空是动词不定式做定语，不及物动词后的宾语不能省略。第二空是动词不定式的特殊疑问形式是特殊疑问词+to do 结构。所以应该选择C。句意是： 我有两个房间可以住，但是我还没有决定选择哪一个。 3. The teacher told the students any food into the computer room. Anot to bring B. not bring C. dont bring D. bring not 【解析】tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人做某事 。 否定结构是tell sb. not to do sth. 不定式的否定结构， not to do sth. 不分家。 所以选择A。 4. At least 300 million people are using QQ by Ma Huateng to chat on line. A. create B. creates C. creating D. created 【解析】 QQ 和create 之间是被动关系。所以用过去分词表示过去和完成。至少3亿人正在使用QQ，他是由马化腾创建的网上聊天工具。答案是D。省略动词不定式符号to的用法总结口诀是：一感二听三让四观看五词组。一感：feel 二听：hear、listen to 三让：let、have、make 四看：observe、see、watch、notice 五词组，why not, had better, would rather, look at , would/could you please 基础过关1. Nancy is really a hard-working student. We often see her books in the classroom.A read B. reading C. to read 解析 see sb. do sth.和see sb. doing sth.两个表达都可以。在具体的场景中 see sb. doing sth. 表示看到某人正在做某事的瞬间。而题意说的是经常看到某人做某事，所以选 A. 2. -Youd better too much time playing computer games. A. dont spend B. not to spend C. to not spend D. not spend 解析 had better do sth. 最好做某事，固定搭配。否定形式是 had better not do sth. 因此应该选择D. 3. - How do you feel when you watch the national flag go up? - It makes me very proud. A felt B. to feel C. feeling D. feel 解析 make sb. do sth. 让某人做某事，硬要某人做某事； make sth. adj. 使某物处在什么状态。 make sth. done 让某事被做。 4. Why dont you your teacher for help when you cant finish it by yourself. A. ask ; write, B. to ask, writing C. ask, writing D. asking; write【解析】why not do sth.= why dont you do sth. 为什么不做某事呢？ 完成实践值得忙，后面都加doing。 所以选择C能力提高1.Youd better _ the book to others. Adont lend B. not to lend C. didnt lend D. not lend 【解析】had better do sth. had better not do sth. 最好做某事，最好不要做某事，的固定搭配。 所以答案D。 2. She is now in great trouble. Lets _ her. Ahelp B. to help C. helping D. helped 【解析】 一感feel，二听 hear, listen to，三让（make, let, have) 四看 see, watch, notice, observe，五词组 why not, had better, would rather, would you please, look at 后面跟动词原形, 所以选择A. 3. My mother made me _ the piano when I was very young. Now, I begin to understand her. AplayB. to playC. playing D. plays【解析】 三个让，let, have, make sb. do sth. 所以答案为A。4. -What about playing football this afternoon, Sam? - I would rather at home than football. It is too hot outside. Astay, playing B. stay, play C. to stay, to play D. to stay, playing【解析】would rather do sth. than do sth.宁可也不 prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 宁可也不 prefer doing sth. to doing sth. 也表示宁可也不。三种表达方式所接的非谓语形式不同。可以互相转化。本题答案为B 5. When I passed the window, I saw some boys TV.AWatched B. watch C. watching D. watches【解析】 see sb. do sth, 和see sb. doing sth. 两个表达从语法上都对，那么我们就要看语境。当我走过窗户的时候，我看到有些男孩正在看电视。所以选择C动名词 动名词，功能多，可做主，可做宾；可做表，可做定；主动形式ing，被动形式being done，可带主，可加宾，主为宾格所有格，句首为主谓为单，前面加not是否定功能例句说明主语Eating too much is bad for your health.谓语动词用单数表语His hobby is collecting stamps.多数情况下， 动名词作表语，可转换为做主语。宾语动词的宾语I like playing basketball very much.表示一般的习惯或抽象的行为或经常的动作。介词的宾语Stamps are used for sending letters.定语She is in the reading room.We should improve our teaching methods.只表示它所修饰的词的用途，所属关系等，用在所修饰的词之前动名词的常见用法 1.表示在室内完成的动作行为，常用 “ do + some/any/the + v-ing 结构.这类词组有: do some cooking /cleaning/ reading/ speaking/ sewing/ shopping/washing做饭/ 扫除/ 读书/ 说话/做针线活/ 买东西/ 洗衣服. 2.表示在室外完成的动作行为, 通常用 “go + v.-ing”结构。 常见的词组有： go fishing/ swimming/skating/climbing/walking/dancing/shopping去钓鱼/ 游泳/ 滑冰/爬山/散步/ 跳舞/购物. 3.在enjoy, finish, keep, mind, miss, be worth, have fun, have trouble/problem(in), spend, feel like, be used to等。 及 practice 等动词的后面， 不能接不定式，而是接v.-ing 形式. 我们可以按下面的顺口溜记忆这些词： 完成实践值得忙（ finish, practice, be worth, be busy） 继续习惯别放弃 ( keep on, be used to, give up) 考虑建议不禁想 ( consider, suggest, cant help, feel like) 喜欢思念要介意 ( enjoy, miss, mind) 基础过关1、 -When shall we take a walk? - After I finish the dishes.A. wash, B. washi