Unit6语言点分析.doc

Unit 6, Book ILanguage Study#Para 1intelligence: n. ability to learn and understand智力e.g. artificial intelligence 智能模拟, 人工智能intelligence quotient智商John showed high / low intelligence from an early age.Marriage is the triumph of imagination over intelligence. Second marriage is the triumph of hope over experience. 结婚是想象战胜了理智，再婚是希望战胜了经验。(by Oscar Wilde) information about the secret activities of foreign governments, the military plans of an enemy etc情报e.g. intelligence agent / agency commercial intelligence商业情报controversy: n. a lot of discussion and argument about sth., often involving strong feelings of anger or disapproval (followed by over or about) 争论，争议e.g. be engage in a controversy with against sb. on about sth. 和某人就某事进行争论This is a question that has given rise to much controversy (引起许多争论). (cause / provoke / arouse controversy)beyond / without controversy 无可争议，无疑，不消说A new mother with an eye for a business opportunity amid the poison milk scandal (毒奶粉事件) has stirred controversy by offering to breast-feed other children - at a price.adj. controversiale.g. a controversial question引起争论的问题surround: vt. be or go all around (sth. or sb.)围绕；包围e.g. 他的身边总是被崇拜者围绕着。Hes s always been surrounded by people who adore him. 这种新药引起了不少争议。A great deal of controversy has surrounded the new drug.surrounding adj. 周围的，附近的surroundings n. 周围的事物, 环境 e.g. social surroundings社会环境consciousness: n. 意识，知觉e.g. consciousness of responsibility责任感Mans social being determines his consciousness. 人的社会存在决定其意识。lose / recover ones consciousness失去 / 恢复知觉explore: vt.1) examine thoroughly; learn about探索；研究e.g. We must explore all the possibilities for the solution of the problem. 我们必须探讨解决这个问题的所有可能性。2) travel over (a region, area, etc.) for the purpose of discovery勘探；探险e.g. explore the Antarctic regions南极地区考察探险 explore for oil / minerals / gold etc勘探石油 / 矿物 / 黄金n. exploration e.g. geological exploration地质勘探Wondering whether there might be better ways to explore animal intelligence than experiments designed to teach human signs, I realized what now seems obvious: if animals can think, they will probably do their best thinking when it serves their own purposes, not when scientists ask them to. (para1)Structure Fsubject: I object: What now seems obviouswondering: 伴随状语 ifthey: 宾语同位语serve the sb.s purpose: to be useful or helpful for a particular purpose or reason符合需要; 解决问题; 适用Translation F在考虑是否会有比设计教动物人类手势语的试验更好的方式探索动物智能时，我悟出了现在看来是显而易见的一点：如果动物能思维，他们会在能为自己所用的时候，而不是在科学家让它们思维的时候做出最佳思维。#Para 2encounter: vt. to experience something, especially problems or opposition遭遇；遇到encounter problems / difficulties / opposition / resistancee.g. The government has encountered strong opposition to its plans to raise income tax.There is no one major influence in a persons life. Instead, the traits we inherit from our parents and the situation and experiences that we encounter in life are constantly interacting. It is the interaction of the two that shapes a persons personality and dictates how that personality develops.Regardless of how much success one has had in school or at work, there are bound to be times when he or she will encounter difficulties and problems. 无论一个人在学校或工作中曾经如何成功，终有一天他会遭遇困难和问题。 to meet someone without planning to偶然遇见(尤指陌生人)e.g. It was rare that she encountered interesting people through her work.CF: meet with, bump into / run into (指熟人) n. an unexpected encounter 不期而遇e.g. My first encounter with real racism came as a shock.Taiwans vice president-elect said Friday he hoped to melt the ice with China in an historic encounter with Chinese President Hu Jintao expected here following decades of animosity. 台湾新选副总统周五说，在多年的不合后，希望通过他与中国主席胡锦涛的历史性会晤缓和与中国大陆的关系。convince: vt. to make someone feel certain that something is true使确信, 使信服e.g. How many more deaths will it take to convince the authorities of the need to test drugs more thoroughly?The government is trying to convince the public that its getting tough on corruption.Another passenger convinced her to leave the plane, which was quickly filling with a choking smoke. (convince sb. to do sth. 说服某人)convince sb. by sound arguments以理服人Hillary Clinton expected to rally support for Obama Senator Hillary Clinton will seek to convince her ardent primary supporters to fall in line behind presumptive nominee Barack Obama on the second day of the Democratic National Convention in the western US city of Denver. 希拉里克林顿希望拉拢人们支持奥巴马民主党全国代表大会在美国西部城市丹佛举行，会议的第二天，参议员希拉里克林顿将发表讲话，呼吁她的铁杆支持者们转而支持该党提名候选人巴拉克奥巴马。adj. convinced确信的，深信的；convincing令人信服的；能说服人的e.g. 陪审团最终相信她是清白的。 In the end the jury was convinced of her innocence. 调查人员还没有找到有说服力的犯罪动机。 Investigators have not found a convincing motive for the crime.feat: n. something that is an impressive achievement, because it needs a lot of skill, strength etc to do技艺，功绩e.g. remarkable / considerable / incredible etc featsperform / accomplish / achieve a featcaptivity: n. 囚禁，束缚NB: captive n. 俘虏 adj. 被俘的capture vt. 捕获；俘获，赢得 capture sb.s heart n. 捕获, 夺得dominant: adj. ruling; stronger, more powerful, or more noticeable than other people or things有统治权的；占优势的e.g. a dominant position统治地位a dominant person in the team队里最有权威的人Charlie Chaplin was a dominant figure in the American film industry. 查理卓别林是美国电影工业上极有影响力的人物。species: n. （单复同）物种e.g. Some species of animals have become extinct because they could not adapt to a changing environment. 有一些动物已经灭种了，因为它们不能适应环境的变化。The Origin of Species物种的起源(达尔文著)The stories they tell us reveal what Im convinced is a new window on animal intelligence: the kind of mental feats animals perform when dealing with captivity and the dominant species on the planet humans. (para 2)Structure FThe stories (they tell us) reveal what (Im convinced) is a new window on animal intelligence: the kind of mental feats (animals perform when dealing with captivity and the dominant species on the planet - humans).Translation F他们讲述的故事开启了我相信是研究动物智能的一扇新窗口：即动物在对付樊笼生活和地球上的主宰物种 - 人类 - 时所表现的高超的思维技能。=#Para 3make a deal: to make an agreement with someone so that you get what you want, and they get what they want, esp. in business or politics达成交易e.g. The government denied making a deal with the kidnappers. I made a deal with my mum to take piano lessons if I could have guitar lessons as well.NB: strike / make a bargain: to agree to do sth. for someone else if they will do sth. for youreach agreement / come to an agreement: to finally agree on sth., by discussing it until everyone is satisfied with the decisionsuspicious: adj. causing or showing a feeling that sth. is wrong可疑的；引起怀疑的e.g. be / fell suspicious of / about 对.怀疑Both Democrats and Republicans seek to woo an American electorate suspicious of foreign investment and the effects of globalization on domestic jobs. 民主党人和共和党人都试图取悦对于外国投资及全球化对国内就业影响心存疑虑的选民。I started to feel suspicious about his intention when he kept on talking about what good I could get out of it. 我开始对他的意图起疑心是当他反复地说我能从中得到什么好处的时候。She gave him a suspicious glance.Know moree.g. I suspect these tactics will eventually backfire. 我怀疑这些伎俩最终会适得其反。The police suspect her of murder.Philadelphia police released a photo of the suspect in the murder of an officer. (n.). only to be met with a blank stare.only to (do sth.) is often used to indicate that sb. did sth. with a disappointing or surprising result. Infinitive to functions as result adverbial.e.g. His opposition served only to strengthen our resolve. 他的反对反而增强了我们的决心.It is this storyline that mimics the experiences of Princess Diana, who married Prince Charles only to discover that he was continuing a long-standing clandestine (秘密的) relationship with another woman.I arrived only to find that the others had already left.He hurried to the railway station only to find that the train had left.A sad thing in life is when you meet someone who means a lot to you, only to find out in the end that it was never meant to be and you just have to let go.blank: adj. without expression; without writing or other marks没有表情的；空白的e.g. a blank mind空虚的心灵n. My mind was a complete blank. 我的脑中一片空白。negotiate: vi. & vt. discuss in order to come to an agreement谈判；协商e.g. negotiate an agreement / contract etc 协商协议 / 合同The government refuses to negotiate with terrorists.Skinner negotiated with several firms for the best offer.His first aim is to get the warring parties back to the negotiating table (=used to refer to official discussions). 他最初的目的是让敌对的双方回到谈判桌。Two of the original 23 hostages have been murdered and South Korea is pressing the United States and Afghanistan to do all they can to negotiate a release of the surviving captives.n. negotiation e.g. negotiation on / overopen / enter into negotiations (with sb.) (=start official discussions)After this first round of negotiations, there are no plans to reconvene the talks before the elections.maintain: vt. to make something continue in the same way or at the same standard as before保持；维持e.g. We must maintain powerful self-confidence and optimism in the face of challenges so as to survive and succeed. 我们面对挑战，必须怀有强大的自信和乐观才能生存和成功。China Mobile released its acquisition plan of China Railway Communication (China Railcom), which would become the formers wholly-owned subsidiary but maintain independent operation. 中国移动于近日发布其对中国铁通集团公司的并购计划，铁通将成为其全资子企业，但保持独立运营。Britain wants to maintain its position as a world power.It is best if divorced parents can maintain friendly relations for the sake of the children.To develop or maintain physical fitness and overall health, we must involve in regular sports practice. to keep a machine, building etc in good condition by checking and repairing it regularly保养；维修e.g. The car has always been properly maintained. 这汽车一直保养得很好。 An attempt was being made to maintain the grounds, but weeds were starting to grow in the driveway. to strongly express your belief that something is true断言；主张e.g. People who like travelling maintain that travelling can help them expand their scope of knowledge, especially geographical and historical learning.maintained her innocence. 坚持她的清白无辜Critics maintain that these reforms will lead to a decline in educational standards. to provide someone with the things they need, such as money or food赡养；供给e.g. He has worked hard to maintain his family. 他努力工作来养家。n. maintenance 维持；保养；赡养费#Para 4relieve: vt. free (sb.) from pain, anxiety, etc.; ease (pain, anxiety, etc.) 减轻，解除，使摆脱(痛苦、忧愁等)e.g. A new ban that plastic shopping bags are no longer free can relieve the pressure of white trash on the environment.Running or jogging is a great way to relieve stress; and it helps us improve our breathing, lose weight and strengthen our cardiovascular (心血管的) system.The Supreme Courts decisions on physician-assisted suicide carry important implications for how medicine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering.relieve tension / pressure / stress etcrelieve the people in flood-stricken area救济水灾区的人们This created a double-edged sword: the medications helped relieve the pain but caused other problems that could be worse than the pain itself.relieve sb. of sth. phrasal verb免除；解除1) to help someone by taking something from theme.g. Let me relieve you of that heavy parcel. 让我把你的重包裹解下来吧。2) to take away someones job because they have done something wrong免除(职务)e.g. relieve sb. of their post / duties / command etc After the defeat General Meyer was relieved of his command.3) to steal something from someone - used humorously 谑偷, 窃去e.g. Pickpockets relieved him of his money. 扒手偷走了他的钱n. relief (much) to ones relief (=to ones great relief) 使某人大为放心，使某人深感宽慰a relief fund救济金 go on relief靠救济金生活adj. relieved得到安慰的，放心的bargainer: n. 议价者，讨价还价者bargain:n. 1) something you buy cheaply or for less than its usual price廉价货e.g. Its a real bargain. (非正式) 真便宜。At that low price the house is a bargain. 按那样低的价钱出售, 这房子是便宜的。2) an agreement, made between two people or groups to do something in return for something else交易e.g. make a bargain with sb. 与某人达成协议成交A bargain is a bargain. 谚买卖一言为定; 达成的协议不可撕毁。vi. to discuss the conditions of a sale, agreement etc, for example to try and get a lower price议(价)e.g. bargain over the price讨价还价workers bargaining for better pay with the employerColo then broke the key chain and gave Jendry a link, perhaps figuring, Why give her the whole thing if I can get a bit of pineapple for each piece?What conclusion can you draw about Colo?Colo is a good bargainer, and this case shows that animals may really have intelligence.Translate the sentence into Chinese.科洛真是个精明的还价者，它把钥匙链拉断，给了延得里一段，它或许在算计着，要是每一小片都能换片菠萝，我干吗要全都给她？#Para 5trade: v. to exchange something you have for something someone else has交换给以换取其它不同的东西e.g. trade sth. with sb. I wouldnt mind trading jobs with her.trade sth. for sth. trade farm products for manufactured goods用农产品换取工业制成品undertake: vt.1) to accept that you are responsible for a piece of work, and start to do it从事，承担e.g. undertake a task / a project / research / a study etc Dr Johnson undertook the task of writing a comprehensive English dictionary.2) to promise or agree to do something答应；同意e.g. undertake to do sth. He undertook to pay the money back in six months.n. undertaking 承担的任务，事业；殡仪事业figure sb. / sth. out: phrasal verb to think about a problem or situation until you find the answer or understand what has happened推断出e.g. figure out how / what / why etcHe went on talking while I tried to figure out what it meant.Dont worry, well figure something out (=find a way to solve the problem).Dealing with a blown cover is about stalling for time. Stay alive long enough to figure out what they know and tell a bigger lie to save yourself. 应对谎言被揭穿的办法就是拖时间，搞清楚他们到底知道些什么前千万别死了，然后再扯个更大的谎来圆。(from: 剧集Burn NoticeMike做卧底的时候差点被揭穿有感而发) to understand why someone behaves in the way they do理解e.g. Women. I just cant figure them out.treat: n.1) a special food that tastes good, especially one that you do not eat very often2) something special that you give someone or do for them because you know they will enjoy it使人愉快的事；乐事e.g. Her birthday treat was a visit to the theatre. 她生日的开心事是去剧院。3) ones treat: used to tell someone that you will pay for something such as a meal for them某人作东，某人请客ride: n. a journey in a vehicle, when you are not drivinge.g. We hitched a ride (=got a free ride from a passing vehicle口要求(免费)搭车) into town.Can you give me a ride（让人乘车）back to town?He invited me to go for a ride (= ride somewhere for enjoyment) in his new car. 他坐小汽车去转了一圈。take sb. for a ride: spoken to trick someone, especially in order to get money from them欺骗e.g. After the deal was signed, I felt like Id been taken for a ride.extend: v. (cause to) stretch or reach延伸，伸展e.g. extended the legs of the folding table打开折叠桌的桌腿George extended his hand (=offered to shake hands). make larger or longer扩大，加长e.g. 潮湿阴雨的天气延续到九月份。 The wet weather extended into September. 校长把我们的假期延长了四天。 The headmaster extended our holiday by four days.You can extend your knowledge by reading books. 你可以通过读书来增长知识。To improve farmers livelihoods and expand rural consumption, the country is also spending hundreds of billions of yuan to extend the countrys electricity grid to every remote village by 2010. to officially offer someone help, sympathy, thanks etc给予；施e.g. extend a warm welcome / sb.s thanks / sb.s sympathy to sb.The banks have decided to extend credit （信用贷款）to the company (=allow them to borrow more money).NB: extended adj. 延长的；扩大的 extended period of time (=longer than expected or planned)extensive: adj. 广阔的；广泛的 extensive knowledge广博的知识Sentence ReadingTo those who cling to power through corruption and deceit and the silencing of dissent, know that you are on the wrong side of history; but that we will extend a hand if you are willing to unclench your fist. 对于那些依靠腐败和欺骗并压制异议而追求权利的人们：你们站在了人类历史的对立面。如果你们能张开紧握的拳头，我们也将伸出友谊之手。(from: Barack Obamas Inaugural Address)At this august historical moment, on behalf of the Central Peoples Government and the Chinese people of all ethnic groups, I wish to extend our warm congratulations on Hong Kongs return to the motherland and the establishment of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. 在这个庄严的历史时刻，我代表中央人民政府和全国各族人民，对香港回归祖国和香港特别行政区成立，表示热烈的祝贺！(from: 97香港回归江泽民演讲稿)expand: v. to become larger in size, number, or amount, or to make something become larger扩大（增加尺寸、体积、数量或范围）e.g. Sydneys population expanded rapidly in the 1960.Metals expand when they are heated and contract when cooled.expand ones knowledge of foreign countries扩大个人对外国的知识? 最近，中国政府又出台了更加有力的扩大国内需求的措施。The Chinese government has recently introduced even more effective measures to expand domestic demand. if a company, business etc expands, or if someone expands it, they open new shops, factories etc扩展e.g. She intends to expand the companys operations in the US.It is Chinas sincere wish and also in the interest of the United States to expand bilateral trade and economic co-operation.Chinas small but ambitious automakers are eager to expand abroad and have been forging ties with foreign partners in hopes of improving their technology and market access.3) expand on / upon sth. phrasal verb: to add more details or information to something that you have already said详述，充分叙述(= elaborate: