英语笔译定语,状语,名词性从句及汉语特殊句式翻译例句.docx

定语从句译法（一）译成前置定语（二）后置并列分句（三）溶合译法（四）译成状语l The traders wanted safe access to large quantities of Oriental spices, which the European world had come to like, and which people needed for presenting food in days before the introduction of cold storage. 商人们想平安无事地获取大量的东方香料， 这些香料已经为欧洲人所喜爱， 而且在没有发明 冷藏法的当时，香料也是人们储藏食品所必须的。l I had seldom met an American who served in China during World War II who had not known Zhou Enlai.二战期间曾在中国工作过却不认识周恩来的美国人很少见。l 译成前置定语：l This is the soldier who just returned from the front.译文：这是刚从前线回来的战士。l To be sure, a great rebuilding project would give jobs to those of people who need them.译文：诚然，一个宏伟的重建计划也许能为许多需要工作的人提供就业机会。l In recent years, however, people have begun to become aware that cities are also areas where there is a concentration of problems. 可是，近几年来人们开始意识到城市也是问题成堆的地方。l Chemistry deals with changes in matter as a result of which it is possible to form a new substance.译文：化学是研究物质变化的，这种变化的结果能够形成新的物质。l This will be epoch-making revolution in Chinas social productive forces which will lay down the material foundation for the socialist and communist mode of production.l 译文：这将是中国社会生产力方面一次划时代的革命，将为社会主义和共产主义的生产方式打下物质基础。l He liked his sister, who was warm and pleasant, but he didnt like his brother, who was aloof and arrogant.他喜欢热情愉快的妹妹，而不喜欢冷漠高傲的哥哥。l 后置并列分句l The minor internal motions of the atmosphere, which was known as winds, depart only in a small way from the movement of this envelope as a whole.译文：大气微小的内部运动，即我们所说的风，仅与整个大气围层的运动稍微不太一致。l But listen, I met a man, who said you could solve this problem. 听着，我遇到一个人，他说你能解决这个问题。l I told the story to John, who told it to his brother. 我把这件事告诉了约翰，约翰又告诉了他的弟弟。l The book is prepared for examples for writing compositions, which, as it were, has been taken as a difficult task. 本书旨在为写作提供范例，可以说写作是一个难题。l Day light comes from the sun, which is a mass of hot, glowing gas. 日过来自太阳，太阳是一团炽热，发光的气体。l She was very patient towards the children, which her husband seldom was. 他对孩子们很耐心，而她丈夫却很少这样。l Although he lacks experience, he has enterprise and creativity, which are decisive in achieving success in the area.他虽然经验不足，但很有进取心和创造力，而这正是这一领域获得成功的关键。l 溶合译法l 原文：There is nothing that does not contain contradiction; without contradiction, nothing would exist.译文：没有什么事物是不包含矛盾的，没有矛盾就没有世界。l 原文：Aluminum alloys which are much lighter than steel and some of which are even stronger than steel is widely used in the aircraft industry.译文：铝合金比钢轻很多，有的强度比钢还要大，因而在飞机工业上使用广泛。 l 原文：He has a son of twenty who is now at the college.译文：他有个二十岁的儿子正在上大学。l 原文：This was the first time I had serious trouble with my leader.译文：这是我第一次和领导发生严重纠葛。l There are many people who want to select this major. 许多人要选这个专业。l There is a man downstairs who wants to see you. 楼下有人要见你。l You are the only person who could do it. 只有你才能做这件事。l 译成状语l The computer, which seems to play the role of a human brain, is often called an electronic brain.译文：由于计算机起着类似人脑的作用，所以常常被称为电脑。（原因）l Men became desperate for work, any work, which will help them to keep alive their families. 人们极其迫切地要求工作，不管什么工作，只要它能维持一家人的生活就行。（条件）l They were a part of his pride and glory, which is fading into failure in his helpless hands. 他们属于他的骄傲和荣耀，虽然如今这些正在化为泡影，他却无可奈何。（让步）l Each tour will be escorted by English speaking interpreters who will help the visitors to obtain information about what you are seeing. 每次游览都有英语翻译陪同，以帮助来宾了解参观点的情况。以便来宾更好地了解和欣赏各个景点。（目的）l There is a most high temperature at the suns centre, where all the substances are impossible to be in the form of liquids or solids.太阳中心的温度极高，那里的一切物质都不可能以液体或者固体的形式存在。综合练习：l There is no royal road to science, and only those who do not dread the fatiguing climb of the steep paths have a chance of gaining its luminous summits. 在科学上没有平坦的大道，只有不畏劳苦沿着其崎岖之路攀登的人，才有希望达到它光辉的顶点。l I was endeavoring to put off one sort of life for another sort of life, which was not better than the life I had known.我一直在竭力摆脱一种生活，该换另一种生活，但我说该换的生活并不见得比我原先的生活好。l We used a plane of which almost every part carried some identification of national identity. 我们驾驶的飞机几乎每个部件都有国籍的某些标志。l There occurred the Great Earthquakes of 1923 in Japan, which caused a serious damage of property and a great loss of lives. 1923年，日本发生了大地震，造成了巨大的财产损失和严重的人员伤亡。l He showed no further wish for conversation with Mr. Smith, who was now more than usually insolent and disagreeable. 他似乎不愿再和史密斯先生讲话，因为他现在异常无礼，令人厌烦。l He insisted on buying another house, which he had no use for.他坚持要再买一座房子都与，尽管他并没有这样的需要。l They tried to stamp out the revolt, which spread all the more furiously throughout the country. 他们试图去剿灭这次起义，但其却以更加迅猛的速度发展到了全国各地。l A driver who is driving a bus mustnt talk with others or be absent-minded. 司机在开车时，不能喝别人谈话，也不能走神。l In Europe, as elsewhere multi-media groups have been increasingly successful groups which bring together television, radio newspapers, magazines, and publishing houses that work in relation to one another. 译文：在欧洲，就像在其他地方一样，多媒体集团越来越成功了，这些集团把相互间密切联系的电视台、电台、报纸、杂志、出版社组合到了一起。 l 原文：Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which, in its strongest form, states that language imprisons the mind, and that the grammatical patterns in language can produce far-reaching consequences for the culture of a society.l 译文：沃尔夫进而相信某种类似语言决定论的观点，其极端说法是：语言禁锢思维，语言的语法结构能对一个社会的文化产生深远的影响。状语从句的翻译一、 按照原文顺序译出l If you dont mind, Ill turn off the heating.译文：如果你不介意，我就把暖气关了。l Where water resources are plentiful, hydroelectric power stations are being built in large numbers.哪里有充足的水源，哪里就在修建大批的水电站。l Though he was defeated in the election, he became famous for his fiery speeches against slavery. 虽然他竞选失败了，却以其反对蓄奴制度的激烈演说而出名。l 二、状语从句译在主句之前l She is sure to come unless she has some urgent business.译文：除非她有急事，她一定会来。l I will never give in, no matter what happens.译文：不管怎么样，我永远不会屈服。三、状语从句转译成其他的状语从句Why did you give up when you could make it?译文：既然你能成功，干吗要放弃呢？If you can come, Ill be only too glad.译文：你能来，我就太高兴了。l Skill and patience will succeed where force fails.在体力做不到的时候，技巧和耐心会帮助人成功。（地点-时间）l Though not in substance, yet in form, economic reforms are at first a nation-wide revolution. 如果不就内容而就形式而言，经济改革首先就是一场全国性的革命（让步-条件）四、状语从句译成非状语从句l The boy shouted as he ran.译文：那个男孩一边跑一边喊。l The monkey was feeling a bit scared when suddenly the crocodile dived under the water.译文：猴子正感到有点害怕，鳄鱼突然向水下潜去。l They asked her to stay where she was.译文：他们让她待在原处。l The greedy official dared to accept any presents, whoever sent him.译文：无论是谁送给他们的礼品，这些贪官都敢收。l You may do as you please.译文：你愿意怎么做都行。名词性从句的翻译英语名词性从句包括： 主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句 同位语从句一、 主语从句(一) “It+被动语态+that从句”l It is reported that the Summit Meeting will be held in December.据报道吗，这个峰会将在12月举行。l It could be argued that the radio performs this service just as well; but on television everything is much more living, much more real. 可能有人会提出，无线电广播同样能够到这一点；但是在电视屏幕上，每个节目都显得更加生动，更加真实。(二) “It+谓语（表语）+that”句型A. It goes without saying that plants cannot grow without sunshine.毋庸置疑，没有阳光，植物就不能生长。It is quite obvious that the girl still loves you deeply.很明显，这个女孩依然深爱着你。B. It is frequently the case that his car breaks down on the highway.他的车在路上抛锚，这是常有的事儿。(三) 由“what, whatever, whoever, when, whether”等引导出的主语从句通常可按正常语序译出。l What is hard is to do good all ones life and never do anything bad.难得的是一辈子做好事而不做坏事。l Whatever was said must be kept secret.这里说的每句话都应当保密。l Who will monitor the class is not decided yet. 谁当班长还没决定。二、 宾语从句(一) 普通句型以从属连词、连接代词或介词引起的宾语从句汉译时，词序一般不变。 I havent made up my mind as to what elective courses Im to take next term.译文：我还没决定下学期上什么选修课。 This shows that something unexpected may have turned up.译文：这表明可能出现了意外情况。(二) 用it作形式宾语的句子。 I leave it to your own judgment whether you should do it.译文：我让你自己判断，这件事该不该做。 I made it clear to the students that they must hand in their assignments before 11 a. m.译文：我给学生讲明，他们必须在上午11点前交作业。(三) 英语中有时为了修辞强调，把宾语从句置于主句前，汉译时，也可遵从修辞效果，顺序译出。例： Whether they like it or not, I dont care.译文：他们喜不喜欢，我可不管。What they were asked to do in 10 days, they finished in two.译文：让他们十天做的事，他两天就做完了。三、 表语从句l Thats what we should do. 这是我们该做的。l The question which worries everyone today is: how long will these fuels last?译文：今天人人都担心的问题是：这些燃料能维持多久？l If I have seen farther than other man, it is because I have stood on the shoulders of giants. (Newton）要说我比别人望得远了一点，那是因为我已经站在了巨人的肩膀上。l That is why the “know-all” is ridiculous.万事通之所以可笑，原因就在于这个地方。l Thats why she is so happy. 如此高兴的原因就在这里。l One difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science continues to trace behavior to states of mind, feelings, traits of character, human nature and so on.译文：难题之一在于所谓的行为科学几乎全都依然从心态、情感、性格特征、人性等方面去寻找行为的根源。四、 同位语从句l There can be no doubt that he is qualified for the job.毫无疑问他能胜任这项工作。l They marvel at the fact that China did it all on its own.译文：他们对这个事实感到十分惊讶所有一切都是中国凭自己的力量完成的。l But the idea that the journalists must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media.l 新闻记者应该比普通公民更懂法律，这种看法是基于他们对新闻媒体业已确定的规约和特殊责任的理解之上的。汉语特殊句式翻译一、 连动式谓语由两个或者两个以上的动词构成，在动词短语中没有停顿，也没有关联词语，两个动词短语共用一个主语(一) 用分词和不定式等非谓语动词来翻译次要动词，如：1我们花很少的钱就能够买到一份日报。译文：We spend very little money buying a piece of daily.2. 市政府于去年底启动了一项“净空”工程，关闭了大气污染严重的企业。译文：The municipal government started an air-decontamination project at the end of last year, closing the enterprises that cause heavy pollutions.(二) 用英语的介词短语表达汉语中的动词概念，如：我将乘飞机离开北京。译文：I will leave Beijing by plane.(三) 用英语“and”连接词来连接几个动作。例：从社会总体、长远的利益出发，政府可以运用税收、转移支付等方式适当调节收入分配差距，扶助弱势群体，维护整个社会的和谐、稳定。译文：From the society as a whole and long-term profit perspectives, the government can use tax or transfer payment to appropriately adjust the difference of income distribution so as to help the weak and maintain harmony and stability of the society.二、 兼语式“兼语式” 指其“谓语是由一个动宾结构和一个主谓短语套在一起构成的，谓语中前一个动宾结构兼作后一个主谓结构的主语”。(一) 根据英语的SVOC（主语+谓语+宾语+补语）句型把汉语兼语式的第二个动词译作英语的宾语补足语（不定式、介词短语、形容词、介词、副词、分词或名词来充当）。例如：例1：我等他来。译文：I am waiting for him to come.例2：国际社会呼吁交战双方早日达成停火协议。译文：The international community appealed to the warring sides for an earliest possible cease-fire agreement(二) 利用英语中表示“致使”、“促成”意义的动词，翻译汉语兼语式谓语。例1：疼痛使他喊出了声。译文：The pain made him cry out.例2：这些项目具有技术起点高、经济效益好、市场潜力大、发展后劲足等特点，能够使投资者获得可观的效益。译文：With a solid technical basis, sound economic efficiency, great market potential and bright prospective, these projects will secure good economic results for the investors(三) 兼语式的第一个动词为“表扬”、“称赞”、“埋怨”、“责怪”、“批评”等时，往往可将第二个动词译成英语中表示原因的状语从句或状语性短语。原文：那位评论家指责该书作者有剽窃行为。译文：The critic criticized the author of the book for plagiarism(四) 很多情况下，兼语式的英译需根据上下文和英语习惯灵活处理。原文：我劝你还是投案自首，以求宽大处理。译文：Youd better surrender yourself to the police in the hope of being accorded lenient treatment三、 “是”字句1. 译为英语连系动词be例1. 改革是振兴中国的唯一出路。译文：Reform is the only process through which China can be revitalized. 例2. 那年月，有钱人是天天过年。译文：In those years, the rich peoples extravagance was such that everyday was a Spring Festival.例3. 是党和政府的正确方针和政策，促进了广大农村的经济繁荣。译文：It is the correct principles and policies of our Party and Government that have promoted the economic prosperity of Chinas vast rural areas.2. 省略“是”字例1. 武汉是长江中下游地区的特大城市，是湖北省的政治、经济、文化、科技中心。译文：Wuhan, a metropolis situated in the middle reaches of the Changjiang River, is the political, economic, cultural, scientific and technological center of Hubei Province. 例2. 中国是世界上最大的发展中国家，社会生产力水平总的还比较低。译文：As the largest developing country in the world China has a relatively low level of productive forces on the whole.例3. 工业企业效益差是当前许多矛盾的症结所在。译文：All the contradictions existing in industrial enterprises today boil down to scanty economic returns.3. 译为被动语态例1. 革命者是杀不完的。译文：Revolutionaries can never be wiped out.例2. 这双皮鞋是定做的。译文：This pair of leather shoes are custom-made.例3. 这种装置在机械表制造工业中是很需要的。译文：This kind of device is much needed in the mechanical watch-making industry.4. 根据“是”的实际意义翻译例1. 创新是一个民族进步的灵魂。译文：Innovation sustains the progress of a nation.例2. 这是大势所趋，人心所向。译文：This represents the general trend of development and the common aspiration of the people.四、 “得”字句1. 用情态助动词翻译“得”字例1. 她的英语讲得好。译文：She can speak English well.例2. 你干得了这件事吗？译文：Can you do it?例3. 他看得出两者的差别。译文：He was able to see the difference between the two.2. 用词法手段翻译“得”字例1. 这个人靠得住吗?译文：Is the man reliable ?例2. 这个道理讲得通。译文：The reason is acceptable.3. 用固定结构翻译“得”字例1. 地板霉烂得有许多地方不能再擦洗了。译文：The floors were in so rotten a condition that many of them could not be scrubbed.例2. 不要高兴得忘乎所以。译文：Dont be so happy as to forget everything.例3. 天气闷热得大家喘不过气来。译文：It was such a hot and stuffy weather that people were out of breath.例4. 这些苹果酸得不能吃。译文：These apples are too sour to eat.4. 省略“得”字例1. 他们俩人很合得来。译文：Both of them got well along with each other.例2. 学生们听课听得很入神。译文：The students listened to the lecture attentively. 例3. 你来得正是时候。译文：You came in the nick of time.例4. 游客们玩得很开心。译文：The visitors had a wonderful time.例5. 这件事情做得非常出色。译文：Its exceedingly well done.五、 “把”字句1. 译为被动句例1. 他所做的一切把我感动得流下了眼泪。译文：I was moved to tears by what he had done.例2. 把这些救灾物资送到洪灾区是当前的第一要务。译文：It is currently the first and foremost thing that these disaster-relief supplies should be dispatched to the flood-stricken areas.例3. 隆隆的大炮声把傀儡军吓坏了。译文：The puppet soldiers were frightened to death by the rumbling of cannons.2. bring sb./sth. adv 句型该句式表达的是“把某人/某事带到某个程度或地方”，比如：bring you here（把你带到这里来，带你来这），bring them up（把他们抚养长大）。3. get sb./sth. done 句型该句式表达的是“把某人/某事怎么样”，比如：get things done（把事情做完），get it started（把某机器之类的东西开动起来，开始某个行为做某事），get sb. killed（把某人给杀了）get sb. accused（把某人给告了）。4. have sth. done 句型，比如：have the hair cut （把头发剪了）have the machine repaired （把机器修好）5. make sb./sth. done/adj 句型“使动动词”引导的句型很多都是把字句（不局限于动词make，所有包含使动意味的动词均可）。比如，make me confused（把我搞糊涂了），make it clean/clear（把它弄干净/清楚）cut it short（把它裁短一些，说话简短些，消减一些成本），drive me crazy/mad（把我逼疯）， knock me down（把我撞倒）， lock him up/away（把他锁起来，把他锁住带走）， shut the mouth up（把嘴给闭上）， shut it down（把电脑/工厂/店铺等关闭）， turn it up/down（把音量等调高/调低）。6. take sth. for 和 take sb. adv 句型take sth. for 句式表达的是“把某事当作，把某事视为”（类似的，还有mistake sb./sth. for 句式），take sb. adv 句式表达的是“把某人怎么样”，比如： take it for granted = take it for （it is ）granted 表示“把