石油大学在线考试英语资料.doc

科技英语综合复习资料Part I Vocabulary and Structure（词汇与结构）1. As parts of the world become _B_, millions of people will try to migrate to more _ areas. A. hospitable uninhabitable B. uninhabitable hospitable C. habitable inhospitable D. inhospitable uninhabitable2. A(n) _C_ is someone who is being considered for a position, for example someone who is running in an election or applying for a job. A. astronomerB. scientist C. candidateD. researcher3. There are scientific satellites in _B_ that measure wave heights, but too few to give reliable worldwide coverage.A. markB. orbit C. storeD. line4. The first-year courses provide short introductions to these areas, while the second-year courses _B_ the areas in greater depth.A. classifyB. investigate C. clearD. examine5. Their marriage was in danger of breaking up last year but it seems quite _D_ now. A. favorableB. criticalC. profitableD. stable6. If individuals are awakened each time as they began a dream phase of sleep, they are likely to become irritable even if their total amount of sleep has been _B_.A. efficientB. sufficientC. deficientD. proficient7. Linda didnt like the work because it lacked _C_; she was doing the same thing all the time.A. anxietyB. priorityC. varietyD. society8. She wanted to ask him all about his private life, but wisely _C_ herself. A. rescuedB. heldC. restrainedD. curbed9. After he was attacked, he managed to _D_ to the phone and call for help.A. poundB. comeC. turnD. stagger10. The issue was whether or not the bacteria (细菌) in his body would _C_ the local ecosystem.A. breakB. balanceC. contaminateD. contain11. Moving to a new school can _C_ a childs education, especially between the ages of eleven and sixteen.A. upset B. balanceC. disrupt D. disorder12. Chinas news media is following world trend by marketization and _D_into enterprises.A. conversionB. translationC. transplantingD. transforming13. Up to 22 people were killed and 187 others injured in a suicide bomb attack which _B_ a demonstration in a northern Iraqi city.A. transportedB. targetedC. yieldedD. aimed14. The general secretarys decision to invest was a _C_ mistake, resulting in a heavy loss of money.A. firmB. privateC. costlyD. incentive15. I feel nervous about the _A_ of the experiment as it determines the future of this domain.A. outcomeB. outlookC. outputD. outline16. Once attached to the host Program, the computer viruses then look for other programs to _C_.A. affect B. effectC. infect D. perfect17. Their government always looks at problems from the financial viewpoint, and the social _C_ is never considered.A. inspectB. prospectC. aspectD. respect18. Ones appearance does not always _B_ with his quality, so dont judge people by looks.A. compareB. coincideC. collideD. content19. We work best in a peaceful and comfortable _B_ so as to increase our productivity and relieve our exhaustion. A. paceB. atmosphereC. rhymeD. hemisphere20. The new _B_ of this dictionary has not been in use yet, but its appearance has aroused quite a lot of attention. A. visionB. versionC. variationD. verification21. The news slowly _C_ through to everyone in the office; finally everybody felt worried about the uncertainty of the future.A. melted B. frozeC. filtered D. flowed22. We do remember your initial objections, but unfortunately you didnt place them _D_.A. in register B. to documentC. in between D. on record23. The cost may be lower than we first thought, but _B_ it will still be quite substantial. A. in no case B. in any caseC. in case of D. in case24. Sometimes you can _A_ valuable antiques by chance for example when youre clearing out an old building. A. come by B. come inC. come out D. come down25. Obviously you came here intending to _D_ the United States and you will need a work visa. A. rest with B. resort toC. render into D. reside in26. You will find how to help your child to develop good habits and how to _A_ with the bad ones that can cause so much embarrassment and distress. A. deal B. agree C. calculateD. endeavor27. Weve worked out a method by which our production can be raised on a large _B_. A. quantityB. scale C. qualityD. proportion28. It is a universal _C_ that man is different from all the other animals because man can communicate with each other by means of language. A. admissionB. permissionC. acknowledgmentD. advancement29. Due to the limited seating _A_ of the hall, merely about 700 journalists were present for the press conference.A. capacityB. capabilityC. possibilityD. probability30. When he applied for a _A_ in the office of the local newspaper he was told to see the manager.A. position B. locationC. professionD. career31. The islands population initially numbered 180, but there was a gradual _D_ until only 40 people were left.A. declinationB. inclineC. inclinationD. decline32. For such a tiny woman she had a(n)_A_ courage to fight against two thieves.A. incredibleB. resistantC. stapleD. massive33. One cause of the current food crisis is _D_ and food prices are high in part because of the dry weather in these places.A. floodB. coughC. roughD. drought34. Coal can be _B_ into gas with the help of the modern technology.A. yieldB. convertedC. overcameD. reverted35. Many Internet users are worried about their privacy being _A_ and their secrets being revealed by online hackers. A. invadedB. intakenC. inventedD. investigated36. The new _D_ edition of this book focuses specifically on the complexities of grammatical choices that students need to master. A. alteredB. convertedC. modifiedD. revised37. The poor condition of this apartment block is a danger to all its _B_. A. habitats B. inhabitantsC. habits D. inherits38. Enough lava had _C_ from the volcano to bury the entire village.A. disrupted B. splashedC. erupted D. spilt39. You are legally _B_ to take faulty goods back to the store where you bought them.A. devoted B. entitledC. accessed D. contributed40. Time and time again, women seem to _B_ on promotion and career opportunities. A. fall out B. lose outC. wipe out D. put out41. _A_ in the office had a mistake, and the firm regretted causing the customer inconvenience.A. Someone B. AnyoneC. No one D. Everyone42. Rod is determined to get a seat for the concert _C_ it means standing in a queue all night.A. as if B. providedC. even ifD. whatever43. Although Mary is satisfied with her success, she wonders _C_ will happen to her private life.A. how B. who C. what D. that44. If the whole program _D_ beforehand, a great deal of time and money would have been lost.A. was not planned B. were not plannedC. would not be planned D. had not been planned45. More and more families have moved elsewhere because they cannot _B_ the noise from the neighboring airport.A. come up with B. put up with C. catch up with D. keep up with46. Her sun-tanned face suggested that she _C_ in excellent health. A. be B. is C. was D. were47. Ever since the Smiths moved to the suburbs a year ago, they _C_ better health. A. could have enjoyedB. had enjoyedC. have been enjoying D. are enjoying48. This magazine is very _B_ with young people, who like its content and style. A. familiar B. popular C. similar D. Particular49. _B_ twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog. A. Being bitten B. Bitten C. Having been bitten D. To be bitten50. The morning paper _A_a story about demonstrations in New York and Washington D.C.A. carriedB. extended C. broughtD. TookPart II Identification（判断正误） 1. No sooner had they entered the room when the telephone rang.错误2. As a graduate from high school, Tom is faced with three choices: attending college, finding a job or joining the army.正确3. It was his nervousness in the interview which probably caused him to lose the job.错误4. I invited Joe and Linda as well as Tom to dinner, but none ofthem came.正确5.You can arrive in Beijing earlier for the meeting though you dontmind taking the night train.错误6. Why not stay at home now that the road is so slippery after theheavy snow？正确7. But for the help of my English teacher, I would not have won the first prize in the English Writing Competition. 正确8.Those brave army soldiers would rather die with their heads high thanlived with their knees bent. 错误9. It is no good try to remember grammatical rules.You need to practice what you have learned. 错误10. The Great Wall is such a well-known tourist attraction that millions of people pour in every year. 正确11. Equipped with modem facilities, todays hospitals are quite different from that of the past. 错误12. We solved the problem by using a computer rather than doing it all by hand. 正确13. Over the past 20 years , the internet has helped change our world in either way or anotherfor the better. 错误14. How and why this language has survived for more than a thousand years, while spoken by very few, were hard to explain. 错误15. Nearly half of Americans aged 25 take part in some form of continued education. 正确Part III Word-filling (单词填空)1. Georgia said it would take aggressive_（咄咄逼人的）diplomatic steps to respond to the Russian action in order to defend its rights.2. In most western countries, upon reaching an appropriate _（适当的）age, children are encouraged, but not forced, to “leave the nest”.3. Among all the voting people, the great majority agreed to abolish _(废除) this kind of cruel punishment as it is against morality. 4. But party spokesman, and then the new government, said that for children aged under 11 support would cease _（终止）at the end of primary education, while for those already in secondary education, assistance would continue until the end of schooling. 1. 5. The current trade deficit indicates（显示）a serious imbalance between our import and export trade.6. Have you considered being sponsored（赞助）during your time at university? You should, because many students have found it a great help not only during their time as an undergraduate but also in securing employment after graduating. 7. The increasing unemployment _(employ) caused social unrest, therefore the government must take prompt and effective measures to resolve it.8. It took the authorities a long time to make identification _(identify) of the accident victims. 9. I want our youngsters to follow their own skills and _ ambitions _(ambitious), and not to be confined by artificial barriers and outdated social conventions.10. Supplies may_fluctuate_(fluctuation) according to seasonal availability but youll always find a wide selection. 11. The _ extraction _ (extract) of mineral resources from the ground has left huge scars on the landscape.12. The inflation rate cannot be properly _ quantified_(quantity) but the official figure is 46%.13. He is very aggressive, totally _ dominating _(dominant) everyone he works with.14. Many experts gave opinions at the meeting, but ultimately_(最终地) the decision lay with the president before it was released to the public.11. 15. He condemned the wastefulness(浪费) of having everyone driving around in private cars instead of using public transport.Part IV Sentence translation（句子翻译）A. E-C Translation（英汉翻译） 1. But dependency is no vice when the habit is healthful and you dont have to be an Olympian to benefit. 但依赖性也并非坏事，只要它是有益于健康的 你不必非是个奥运选手才能获益。2. Despite our preference for giving up privacy in exchange for convenience, our experiences online may make us yearn for the anonymity of the past.尽管我们愿意牺牲隐私来换取便利，网络经历可能让我们渴望回到“隐姓埋名”的过去。3. While cautioning that margin of error was large enough for render data from the early centuries untrustworthy, they found that 20th century was the warmest of the millennium.尽管他们告诫误差幅度较大，有关早前几个世纪的数据可能不太可靠，但同时他们也发现，20世纪的确是上一千年中最热的一个世纪。4. There has been some concern that the larger denomination notes a 500 note is worth approximately 315 at the current exchange rate will be rich pickings for counterfeiters, especially in the early days as people get used to the new currency.目前令人担心的是高面值欧元纸币可能出现的假币问题，500欧元的纸币按目前的汇率值315英镑，这为造假者牟取暴利提供了很大便利，尤其是在人们对欧元还不太熟悉的初期阶段。5. Chemically any petroleum is an extremely complex mixture of hydrocarbon (hydrogen and carbon) compounds, with minor amounts of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur as impurities.从化学上讲，任何石油都是由烃（碳和氢）化合物组成的极其复杂的混合物，并含有少量作为杂质的氮、氧及硫。6. In developing countries desperate to feed fast-growing and underfed populations, the issue is simpler and much more urgent: Do the benefits of biotech outweigh the risks?在迫切想要养活其迅速增长而又吃不饱的人口的发展中国家，问题比较简单，也更加紧迫：生物技术的好处是否大于风险呢?7. But genetically modified, virus-resistant crops can reduce that damage, as can drought-tolerant seeds in regions where water shortages limit the amount of land under cultivation.转基因的抗病毒作物可以减少这种损失，就像抗干旱种子在可耕地面积因缺水而受到限制的地区起到的作用一样。8. If you are successful, you wont have to go ask for a raise or accept what youre given or worry about being turned out when a younger version of yourself comes along.如果成功了，你就无须要求加薪或接受人家给你的工资，也不必担心年轻的新同事到来时就得走人了。9. Planning involves setting the firms objectives over a period of time and deciding on methods to achieve these objectives.拟定计划涉及到为公司制定阶段性目标以及确定如何实现这些目标。10. Your choices are usually limited: find a good job in the small business world, stand in line at unemployment, or accept a cut in pay and benefits.你的选择总是很有限的：要么在狭小的职场里找到不错的职务，要么滞留在失业大军里，要么接受薪水或福利的削减。B. C-E Translation（汉英翻译）1. 请允许我向你的成功表示祝贺。(congratulate on)Permit me to congratulate you on your success.2. 不管怎样，在我们对人类对环境的影响做出科学的评估之前，仍有很长的一段路要走。(in any case).In any case, there is a long way to go before we give a scientific assessment of human influence on the environment.3. 他虽然学识渊博，但对这种生物科技引起的情况他也不知道如何应付。(for all )For all his learning, he didnt know how to cope with the situation caused by the biotechnology.4. 管理者的层次越低，越有可能花时间去执行非管理性任务。(the more, the more)The lower the level, the more likely a manager is to spend time performing nonmanagerial tasks.5. 山起着稳定地球外壳的作用。（play a role in）Mountains play an important role in stabilizing the crust of the earth.6. 他日益发现一份奔波于全球的职业同传统的家庭生活很难兼具。(combine with)He increasingly finds a globe-hopping career hard to combine with a traditional family life.7. 借助清晰的图表，可以看出需求的增长如何影响利润。(by means of)By means of a clear diagram, it is shown how an increase in demand may affect profits.8. 那位新的候选人决定参加竞选时，竞争对手们的竞选活动均已达到高潮。(in full swing )The opponents campaign efforts were already in full swing when the new candidate decided to run for election.9.中国是一个富产宝贵的自然资源-原油的国家。(be rich in)China is a country rich in crude oil, which is a precious natural resource.10. 任何人也不能把台湾从中国分离出去。Nobody should separate Taiwan from China.Part V Reading Comprehension(阅读理解)Passage 1Geology is a natural science. With it men can discover all kinds of useful minerals. Geology studies the earth. But of the three spheres, the atmosphere, the hydrosphere and the lithosphere, it only directly studies the lithosphere. It studies the composition and distribution of material in the earths crust. It studies also the formation, changes and development of rocks and minerals in the earths crust. Geology is a very complex science. There are many branches in geology. Mineralogy is the science of the minerals. Petrology is the science of the rocks. Geomorphology deals with origin of landscapes and changes in them. Historical geology traces the evolution and development of the earth and of the animals and plants on it. Stratigraphy studies the sequence of the rocks in the earths crust. Paleontology deals with the ancient animals and plants. These are just a few of the most important branches of geology.Geology is a very important science. We depend upon geology for the discovery of mineral deposits needed by the various industries. A lot of minerals are used as fuel and raw materials. Without them industrialization is impossible. Minerals are also used as fertilizers in agriculture. China is very rich in mineral deposits of all kinds. The study of geology will help us to discover them.Petroleum occurs widely in the earth as gas, liquid, semisolid, or solid, or in more than one of these states at a single place. Chemically any petroleum is an extremely complex mixture of hydrocarbon (hydrogen and carbon) compounds, with minor amounts of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur as impurities. Liquid petroleum, which is called crude oil to distinguish it from refined oil, is the most important commercially. It consists chiefly of the liquid hydrocarbons, with varying amounts of dissolved gases, bitumens, and impurities.Petroleum gas, commonly called natural gas to distinguish it from manufactured gas, consists of the lighter paraffin hydrocarbons, of which the most abundant is methane gas (CH4). The semisolid and solid forms of petroleum consist of the heavy hydrocarbons and bitumens.Geology plays an important role in the search for oil and natural gas. Four prerequisites are necessary for oil (and gas) to accumulate in commercial quantities in an area: (1) The oil originates in a source bed, and a marine shale, once a black mud rich in organic compounds, is thought to be a common source rock. (2) The oil then migrates to a permeable reservoir rock, and to do this it may travel for long distances both vertically and