国际音标(IPA)和KK音标对照表详细版.doc

IPA &KK 对照表IPA:国际音标 48 个 元音：20个，辅音：28个 区别:1书写形式的不同.如:i: (IPA)-i (K.K.) 等.2.发音的个别不同.美式中加入卷舌音,而英式中没有卷舌音.如:(IPA)- (K.K.)3.此表中在最末加上了几个常见特殊的组合音标。备注类型发音口形发此音的字母或字母组合及例举单词IPAKK备注：轻松音简写“轻”，紧张音简写“紧”。舌抵下齿简写“”抵上齿“”。舌后缩简写“”。发音口形主要是讲解KK音标。*.双元音（KK中称双母音）发音时要做到非常连贯。i:i紧，长衣，面带微笑e, ee, ea, ie, y me, sea, piece, bee, lady前元音i轻，短衣，唇微张开i, y, e ,sit, happy, decideu:u紧，长乌，圆唇外突oo, o, ue, ui, ew flew ，cool, fruit, true, do后元音u轻，短乌，稍圆且松oo, ou, o, u ，look, could, put, wolf:紧，长喔，唇小圆突au, ou, al, aw,，author, call, law, bought轻，短喔，唇小圆突o, a, hot, wash,:重读“儿”音,一开始就卷舌ir, ur, ear, or，bird, turn, learn, work中元音轻读卷舌音，前舌由平向卷er, or, ar, ur, pleasure,teacher, actor,dollar轻读或弱读，“饿”音u,ou,o,a,i album,ago, delicious, today,direct:r的二声的儿话音ar, farm, car后元音紧，啊音，a,calm轻 短啊四声 唇微开向两边u, o, ou, oo,luck,love,trouble,flood中元音eie口由半开到合 嘴角咧到耳朵a, ay, ea, ey, ai,eigh ，say, cake, great, rain合口双元音e小开口45度音e, a, ea,set, head, many前元音紧，嘴张大，嘴角向两边a, fat双元音i饱满“阿姨”音 口由开到合i, y, igh,ie high, line, fly,die合口双元音uo口形由半开到小，发“呕”音o, ow, oa,oe no, know, boat,toeu口形由大到小 发“嗷”音ou, ow, house, cowi唇由圆到扁，oy, oi,boy, oil, noiser唇由圆到半开，短乌卷舌音ure, oor, our, sure, poor, tour集中双元音ir唇始终半开，短衣卷舌音eer, ere, ear, ier，deer, here,year, fierceer 唇始终半开 舌由平到卷ear, air, are, erebear, fare, there, fairr短喔的儿化音，our, or, ore，four, lord, more, store,特例补充（KK音标）juu, ew, student, new,k和n在词首的组合，k不发音G在n前不发音.H和元音同时出现且在字尾时不发音.在ex后和偶尔在字首不发音.ong,song, longtwtw,twin, twentysx,box, foxdwdw,dwell, dwarfkwqu, question, quickpp气流冲破紧闭的双唇且无声p, pen, bag（n,s,t之前不发音）气破双唇音（爆破音）bb气流冲破紧闭的双唇声带震动b,bite.(在t或m前不发音)tt舌尖抵上齿龈弹开舌头且无声t, tw,tear, fit, two（sten stle中t不发音）舌尖齿龈气音（爆破音）dd同上，但声带必须震动d,dark, affordkk舌后部抵住软腭突然离开无声k,c,ch,ck,lk cock king, cake, school, box,气破舌根软鄂音（爆破音）gg同上，但声带必须震动g,gh(词首发本音 词中不发音) girl, ghostff上齿触下唇，气流从此出无声f,ff,gh,ph,lf face,off,laugh, phone,shelf唇齿相依摩擦音（摩擦音）vv同上，但声带必须震动v view, cavess唇微微张开 舌近上齿才出气s, c, ce, ss sick, ceilling, cell, kiss气通舌尖齿龈音（摩擦音）zz同上，但声带必须震动z, se, ze zoo, shoes, choose, size上下齿轻轻咬舌尖且吐气无声th, thank, mouth唯一咬舌音（摩擦音）同上，但声带必须震动th, this, the, there唇收圆稍突 舌稍卷近舌无声sh, ti, ci, s，si,ssi,sci ship, motion, social, sure舌端齿龈气擦音（摩擦音）同上，但声带必须震动S,si,g pleasure, usual,vision,rougehh嘴自然张开，呵气，无声h, wh, hi, who（h在r或k之后不发音）大口喘气音（摩擦音）rr舌尖上卷，唇突，声带振动r,right, red四指卷舌音（摩擦音）元音后读儿双唇微张突出 舌抵上龈且吐气无声ch,t tch, church,nature, match气通舌尖齿龈音（破擦音）同上，但声带必须震动ge,dge d j g .age,judge,education vegetable, join, joy,trtr唇收圆前突，舌尖抵上龈 赌气，使气从间出无声tr, tree, countrydrdr同上，但声带振动dr, dress, dry, hundredtsts舌尖抵上龈 赌气，使气从间出ts,boots, nutsdzdz同上，但声带必须震动ds, woods,mm元音前发“门儿”m man, name (nm组合出现时，n不发音)双唇闭嘴音（鼻音）元音后发“嗯”，鼻音口紧闭nn元音前发“了”n, kn,nn nice, knife, nine,runner舌尖齿龈开口鼻音（鼻音）元音后发“嗯”，鼻音口半开n,gn can sign(n和m同时出现n不发音)唇张开，舌抵下齿龈，舌后部抵软腭，鼻音，声带振动-ng, n sing, English（ng发| g |）舌后软鄂撒娇鼻音（鼻音）元音前发“了”l,light, lose （l在alk,alm,alf，ould中不发音）舌尖齿龈清晰旁流音（舌边音）元音前发“儿”l,fall, call舌尖齿龈含糊旁流音