2000年博士生入学考试试题(英语)改.doc

睿普教育，专注考博英语 中国科学院博士学位研究生入学考试英语试题（2000年3月）THE CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCESENGLISH ENTRANCE EXAMINATION FORDOCTORAL CANDIDATESMarch 2000PAPER ONEPART STRUCTURE & VOCABULARY (15 points, 25 minutes)Section A (0.5 point each)Directions: Choose the word or words below each sentence that best complete the statement, and mark the corresponding letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.16. Much I have traveled, I have never seen anyone to equal her for thoroughness, whatever the job. A. whenB. more C. farther D. as17. To support the general statement in the first sentence, each sentence in the paragraph provides a different example. A. relevant B. subsequent C. coherent D. antecedent18. A hefty 50% of those from ages 18 to 34 told the pollsters in the TIME/CNN survey that they “feminist” values. A. share B. regard C. attach D. dominate19. I was not alone in my knowledge; the woman had also seen my fathers eyes gleaming with pride. A. contracted B. contested C. contented D. contrasted20. the writers craft through a consideration of rhetorical patterns is a useful way to study writing. A. Exploring B. Exploiting C. Employing D. Embodying21. The first two assumptions made about the of TV were dead wrong: that it would bury radio and it would be threat to movies. A. recession B. advent C. diversityD. bias22. An education should enable a student to get a better job than be would be able to find or fill. A. consequently B. neverthelessC. otherwiseD. anyhow23. In addition to being physically sick, may dad was in the midst of a nervous , through none of us knew to call it that at the time. A. breakup B. breakdownC. breakthroughD. breakout24. Although they are very succinct-that is why they caught on-cliches are wasted words because they are expression rather than fresh ones. A. stale B. stainlessC. stable D. spotted25. Though Americans do not currently abortions directly, costs are carried by other Americans through higher insurance premiums. A. implement B. terminateC. prohibitD. subsidize26. There are probably very few cases in which different races have lived in complete in a single country for long periods. A. success B. revengeC. harmony D. conscience27. In the last century and a half, scientific development has been breathtaking, but the understanding of this progress has changed. A. incidentally B. dramatically C. rigorously D. temporarily28. It is always useful to have savings to . A. come out in B. live up to C. make a fuss of D. fall back on29. We seek a society that has a respect for the dignity and worth of the individual. A. at its end B. at its hand C. at its core D. at its best30. Modern man is careless when disposing his garbage. A. of B. to C. at D. about31. Negro slavery, many claimed, was good for all . A. concerned B. is concerned C. to concern D. that concerns32. To cry over spilled milk is to cry . A. in a vain B. in the vain C. in vain D. in no vain33. “Do you want to see my drivers license or my passport?” “Oh, ”. A. either does well B. either one will do C. each one is good D. each will be fine34. The novel, which is a work of art, exists not by its life, but by its immeasurable difference from life. A. significance in B. imagination at C. resemblance to D. predominance over35. A 50-ft, wave travels at speeds 20 m.p.h., and anyone whos too slow at the approach risks being smashed. A. in excess of B. in the reach of C. in exchange for D. in relation toSection B (0.5 point each)Directions: In each of the following sentences there are four parts underlined and marked A, B, C, and D. Indicate which of the four parts is incorrectly used by drawing a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.36. Applicants will be considered provided that their files are complete due to the AB C D deadline.37. Elizabeth B. Browning, who has remembered for her love poems, published herA BC first work at the age of twelve. D38. Only if ten more students register this afternoon will another pronunciation A BC section be opening.D39. That intelligence tests actually give a measurement of the intelligence of A BA individuals are questioned by some eminent. CD40. Track lighting is one of the most popular types, if not the most popular type, of A B C lighting on market todary. D41. In fact, there is perhaps only one human being in a thousand who are passionately A Binterested in his job for the jobs sake. CD42. Watching films of what hate turned those people into made me choose to reject it, A B images. CD 43. After a grueling review session, some confusing students asked the teaching assistant for A B C still more help. D44. Flourish in the thirteenth century, traveling musicians, called minstrels, played an AB C important part in the cultural life of the time. D45. There was hardly somebody in the room who paid any attention to him even A BC though everyone knew who he was. CDPART CLOSE TEST (15 points, 15 minutes)Directions: For each blank in the following passage, choose the best answer from the choices given in the opposite column. Mark the corresponding letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.Faster than ever before, the human world is becoming an urban world. By the millions they come, the ambitious and the down-trodden of the world drawn by the strange magnetism of urban 46 . For centuries the progress of civilization has been 47 by the rigid growth of cities. Now the world is 48 to pass a milestone: more people will live in urban areas than in the countryside.Explosive population growth 49 a torrent of migration from the countryside are creating cities that dwarf the great capitals of the past. By the 50 of the century, there will be fifty-one “megacities” with populations of ten million or more. Of these, eighteen will be in 51 countries, including some of the poorest nations in the world. Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africas cities are growing by 10% a year, the swiftest 54 of urbanization ever recorded.Is the trend good or bad? Can the cities cope? No one know 55 . Without question, urbanization has produced 56 so ghastly that they are difficult to comprehend. In Cairo, children who 57 might be in kindergarten can be found digging through clots of ox waste, looking for 58 kernels of corn to eat. Young, homeless thieves in Papua New Moresby may not 59 their last names or the names of the villages where they were born. In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers.46. A. wayB. lifeC. areaD. people47. A. definedB. estimatedC. createdD. expected48. A. about B. up C. likeD. already49. A. of B. likeC. andD. or50. A. changeB. wake C. beginningD. turn51. A. developingB. developed C. developD. development52. A. makes B. has C. comesD. lives53. A. noneB. fewC. any D. some54. A. eventB. workC. levelD. rate55. A for goodB. with clarityC. for sureD. in doubt56. A. miraclesB. miseriesC. mysteriesD. misunderstandings57. A. elsewhereB. anywhereC. somewhereD. nowhere58. A. unrefinedB. undigestedC. unpolishedD. unspoiled59. A. ask B. findC. haveD. know60. A. droppedB. to dropC. droppingD. dropsPART IV READING COMPREHENSION (30 points, 60 minutes)Directions: Below each of the following passages you will find some questions or incomplete statements. Each question or statement is followed by four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Read each passage carefully, and then select the choice that best answers the question or completes the statement. Mark the letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.Passage OneGordon Shaw the physicist, 66, and colleagues have discovered whats known as the “Mozart effect”, the ability of a Mozart sonata, under the right circumstances, to improve the listeners mathematical and reasoning abilities. But the findings are controversial and have launched all kinds of crank notions about using music to make kids smarter. The hype, he warns, has gotten out of hand.But first, the essence: Is there something about the brain cells work to explain the effect? In 1978 the neuroscientist Vernon Mountcastle devised a model of the neural structure of the brains gray matter. Looking like a thick band of colorful bead work, it represents the firing patterns of groups of neurons. Building on Mountcastle, Shaw and his team constructed a model of their own. On a lark, Xiaodan Leng, who was Shaws colleague at the time, used a synthesizer to translate these patterns into music. What came out of the speakers wasnt exactly toe-tapping, but it was music. Shaw and Leng inferred that music and brain-wave activity are built on the same sort of patterns.“Gordon is a contrarian in his thinking”, says his longtime friend, Nobel Prize-winning Stanford physicist Martin Perl. “Thats important. In new areas of science, such as brain research, nobody knows how to do it.”What do neuroscientists and psychologists think of Shaws findings? They havent condemned it, but neither have they confirmed it. Maybe you have to take them with a grain of salt, but the experiments by Shaw and his colleagues are intriguing. In March a team led by Shaw announced that young children who had listened to the Mozart sonata and studied the piano over a period of months improved their scores by 27% on a test of ratios and proportions. The control group against which they were measured received compatible enrichment courses-minus the music. The Mozart-trained kids are now doing math three grade levels ahead of their peers, Shaw claims.Proof of all this, of course, is necessarily elusive because it can be difficult to do a double-blind experiment of educational techniques. In a double-blind trial of an arthritis drug, neither the study subjects nor the experts evaluating them know which ones got the test treatment and which a dummy pill. How do you keep the participants from knowing its Mozart on the CD?61. In the first paragraph Gordon Shaws concern is shown overA. the open hostility by the media towards his findings.B. his strength to keep trying out the “Mozart effect”.C. a widespread misunderstanding of his findings.D. the sharp disagreement about his discovery.62. Shaw and Lengs experiment on the model of their own seems to be based on the hypothesis thatA. listening to Mozart could change the brains hardware.B. brain-waves could be invariably translated into music.C. listening to music could stimulate brain development.D. Toe-tapping could be very close to something musical.63. The remarks made by Martin Perl in Paragraph 3 about Gordon Shaw could be taken as A. neuroscientists and psychologists. B. Shaw and his colleagues.C. Shaw and his colleagues. D. the experiments by Shaw and his teamE. Shaws findings.66. According to the author, proof of what Shaw claims is difficult becauseA. the control group will also enjoy the same kind of Mozart.B. some educational techniques need re-evaluation.C. the double-blind experiment is not reliable and thus rejected by Shaw.D. participants cannot be kept from knowing what is used in the test.Passage Two Sometimes opponents of capital punishment horrify with tales of lingering death on the gallows, of faulty electric chairs, or of agony in the gas chamber. Partly in response to such protests, several states such as North Carolina and Texas switched to execution by lethal injection. The condemned person is put to death painlessly, without ropes, voltage, bullets, or gas. Did this answer the objections of death penalty opponents? Of course not. On June 22, 1984, The New York Times published an editorial that sarcastically attacked the new “hygienic” method of death by injection, and stated that “execution can never be made humane through science”. So its not the method that really troubles opponents. Its the death itself they consider barbaric.Admittedly, capital punishment is not a pleasant topic. However, one does not have to like the death penalty in order to support it any more than one must like radical surgery, radiation, or chemotherapy in order to find necessary these attempts at curing cancer. Ultimately we may learn how to cure cancer with a simple pill. Unfortunately, that day has not yet arrived. Today we are faced with the choice of letting the cancer spread or trying to cure it with the methods available, method that one day will almost certainly and would certainly delay the discovery of an eventual cure. We may not like the death penalty, but it must be available to punish crimes of cold-blooded murder, cases in which any other form of punishment would be inadequate and, therefore, unjust. If we create a society in which injustice is not tolerated, incidents of murder-the most flagrant form of justice-will diminish.67. How did Texas respond to the protests mentiond in Paragraph 1?A. No one was ever executed there later on.B. The criminal there was put to death in the gas chamber instead.C. Life of the condemned person there was terminated with a shot of drug.D. The murderer there was punished with life imprisonment instead.68. What is the main idea of Paragraph?A. The objections of death penalty have become less severe.B. The death itself is considered inhumane and unacceptable.C. Death penalty opponents only care about how one is put to death.D. The “hygienic” was of execution is even more barbaric.69. It can be safely inferred that the authorA. supports capital punishment.B. Is trying to learn how to cure cancer.C. Fears that someone might be punished by mistake.D. Likes radical surgery, radiation and chemotherapy.70. The authors analogy between cancer and murder is made in order to showA. the lack of perfect solution to the present problems.B. the new discovery of modern science.C. the necessity of doing nothing till an ultimate cure is available.D. the availability of adequate punishment.71. Which of the following stands for the authors attitude?A. Letting the injustice spread if we dont want to be barbarous.B. Minimizing incidents of murder by means of death penalty.C. Being tolerant of peoples choice of not having any medical treatment.D. Looking for a better form of punishment than death penalty.72. What type of writing is mostly adopted in this passage?A. Narration.B. Classification.C. Exemplification.D. Persuasion.Passage ThreeShyness is a nearly universal human trait. Almost everyone has bouts of it, and half of those surveyed describe themselves as shy. Perhaps because its so widespread, and because it suggests vulnerability, shyness is often an endearing trait: Princess Diana, for example, won millions of admirers with her “Shy Di” manner. The human species might not even exist if not for an instinctive wariness of other creatures. In fact, the ability to sense a threat and a desire to flee are lodged in the most primitive regions of the brain.But at some life juncture, roughly 1 out of every 8 people becomes so timid that encounters with others turn into a source of overwhelming dread. The heart races, palms sweat, mouth grows dry, words vanish, thoughts become cluttered, and an urge to escape takes over. This is the face of social phobia (also known as “social anxiety disorder”), the third most common mental disorder in the United States, behind depression and alcoholism. Some social phobics can hardly utter a sentence without obsession over the impression they are making. Others refuse to use public restrooms or talk on the telephone. Sometimes they go mute in front of the boss or a member of the opposite sex. At the extreme, they built a hermitic life, avoiding contact with others.Though social anxietys symptoms have been noted since the time of Hippocrates, the disorder was a nameless affliction until the late 1960s and didnt make it way into psychiatry manuals until 1980. As it became better known, patients previously thought to suffer panic disorder were recognized as being anxious only in social settings. A decade ago, 40 percent of people said they were shy, but in todays “nation of strangers” in which computers and ATMs make face-to-face relations less and less common that often favored by those who fear human interaction, greases the slope from shyness to social anxiety. If people were slightly shy to begin with, they can now interact less and less, and that will make the shyness much worse.73. According to Paragraph One, shyness isA. against human nature. B. completely an endearing trait.C. so widespread that a problem may arise. D. essential to the survival of the human species.74. The author suggests that our ability to sense a threat