湖北省黄冈市高考英语一轮 阅读理解精品训练题（12）（含解析）.doc

黄冈市2014高考英语一轮（精品）阅读理解训练题（12）附解析a online shopping started not so long ago. tim berners-lee invented the world wide web in 1990. the first online bank opened in 1994. in 1995, amazon started operating and is not one of the largest online shopping malls. then in 1996, ebay started its online shopping site.by sitting at home you can now buy anything from knives to cars. the worry you may have about traveling and parking can be avoided(避免) while you shop online. with online shopping, you need not worry about the weather. online shops have no holidays, closing times or any other problems. you can shop 24 hours a day, 7 days a week and 365 days a year. some online shops also keep customersopinions about each product, so you can easily find out what other customers think about the product before buying it.when you go for real-world shopping, you can actually touch and feel it, but in online shopping you can only see the pictures. also if you are shopping online, you have to be careful with your credit cards.the first step in online shopping is to search for what you want to buy. once you find the required product, put it in a “shopping cart” and continue shopping. after you have got enough in your “shopping cart”, check out the product. you can add or take out the products in your shopping cart. the next step is to login(登录) using a username and a password. enter the address where you want the product to be sent. some sites even ask for your email, phone numbers, ect.then wait for the confirmation(确认) of your order. you can also cancel(取消) the order if needed. online shopping is a different experience and you can make shopping online easy when you get used to it.56. when shopping online, you can . a. park your car where you want to b. buy anything wherever you go c. touch anything you want to buy d. know what others think of the product 57. the second paragraph mainly tells us . a. people can do online shopping at their own homes b. the things people can buy in online shops c. the advantages people can have through online shopping d. people can know different opinions of customers58. from the text, we can know that . a. once customers put the products in their “shopping carts”, they cant change them b. customers should be careful with their credit cards when shopping online c. customers must give their emails as well as their phone numbers d. people can know different opinions of all customers59. if you want to buy a cup online, what is the right order of the following things you can do? a. put the cup into your “shopping cart”. b. wait for the confirmation of the order.c. search for a right cup.d. enter the address.a. b-c-d-a b. c-a-d-b c. a-b-c-d d. c-d-a-b *结束a(2011全国卷，a)since 1984 ，philadelphia has been cleaning up its act. one by one，graffiticovered walls are being changed into outdoor art. so far，more than 1,800 murals (壁画) have been painted. philadelphia now has more murals than any other american city. the walls that were once ugly with graffiti (涂鸦) are now covered with beautiful pictures of historical heroes and modern art, thanks to the mural arts program (map). its work makes schools and public places attractive, and its citizens very proud. the program began as part of philadelphias antigraffiti network. jane golden is the maps artistic director. “when people ask me what our program is about, ”she says，“i answer them with one word: hope.” each year, the map offers youth art programs and workshops. some onetime graffiti writers even help paint map murals.the maps work, says golden, is all about developing a sense of community (社区). when a neighborhood requests a mural，the map works with the people there to develop a message. some messages have been “safe streets，”“love and care, ”and “peace walk.”the map receives up to 50 requests for murals each week. last year，the workers painted 140 murals.“the making of a mural enters peoples collective memory as an extraordinary，pleasant moment in neighborhood history，”says golden，who began as a muralist in los angeles. 本文论述了费城通过map这一项目逐步地将墙体上的涂鸦变成了一种室外艺术形式壁画，从而给人们带来了新的希望。1. what can be the best title for the text?a. love，from graffiti writers to muralistsb. map, a new company in philadelphiac. jane，an excellent mural artistd. hope，one wall at a time答案：d。主旨大意题。本文主要介绍费城通过map这一项目逐步地将墙体上的涂鸦变成了一种室外艺术形式壁画，从而给人们带来了新的希望。2. what is the mural arts program in philadelphia aimed at?a. helping the young find jobs.b. protecting the neighborhood.c. fighting against graffiti.d. attracting more visitors.答案：c。细节理解题。由第二段的“the program began as part of philadelphias antigraffiti network.”可知c项正确。3. how does the map decide on the message for a mural?a. by having discussions with people in the community.b. by seeking advice from the city government.c. by learning from the young graffiti writers.d. by studying the history of the city.答案：a。细节理解题。由第三段第二句可知答案为a项。4which of the following words best describes the work of the map?a. difficult. b. dangerous.c. experimental. d. successful.答案：d。推理判断题。由文章第四段可知the map每周会收到很多的邀请，每年会画很多的壁画，故可推出工作很成功，答案为d项。b(2011湖北卷，b)howling is a behaviour commonly observed among a wolf pack.as pack animals，wolves work together to hunt and rely on howling as an important means of communication among each other.there are different explanations of a wolfs howl and it appears that there may be more to discover.one theory is that wolves howl to bond better together.its almost as if howling together helps the pack stay together.perhaps something similar to people feeling a sense of involvement with each other when singing a song together. but this theory may be wrong，explains fred hharrington，a professor who studies wolf behaviour.indeed，there have been times when wolves have been seen one moment howling in a chorus，and the next，quarreling among each other.it appears that usually the lowestranking members of the pack may actually be “punished” for joining in the chorus at times.so is howling a way to strengthen a social bond or just a way to reconfirm status among its members? why do wolves howl for sure?what is clear，however，is that howling is often used among packmates to locate each other.hunting grounds are distant and it happens that wolves may separate from one another at times.when this happens，howling appears to be an excellent means of gathering.howling，interestingly，is a contagious behaviour.when one wolf starts to howl，very likely others will follow.this is often seen to occur in the morning，as if wolves were doing some sort of “roll call”where wolves all howl together to report their presence.动物的嚎叫有其目的性，而人的对唱也是为了呼唤同伴，所以人们认为两者在这一方面是相同的；但专家似乎发现，狼的嚎叫不仅仅是为了呼朋引伴，因为有时也会争斗，因此，研究之后，专家发现：狼的嚎叫可能是个传染形式的行为，有时也是为了呼唤同伴。5what is the possible similarity between wolves howling together and humans singing in chorus?athe act of calling each other.bthe sense of accomplishment.cthe act of hunting for something.dthe sense of belonging to a group.答案：d。细节判断题。从第二段的信息词“bond better together”以及“help the pack stay together”等可以确定两者的共同点与选项d的说法是一致的。6why does harrington think the“social bond”theory may be wrong?awolves separate from each other after howling.bwolves tend to protect their hunting grounds.cwolves sometimes have quarrels after howling together.dwolves of low rank are encouraged to join in the chorus.答案：c。细节判断题。根据第三段中提到的“and the next, quarrelling among each other”以及“it appears that.be punished for joining.”都可以表明选项c的说法是符合原文之意的。7researchers are sure that wolves often howl to_.ashow their ranks bfind their companionscreport the missing onesdexpress their loneliness答案：b。细节判断题。根据倒数第二段中的第一句话的信息词“locate each other”以及最后一句中的“appears to be an excellent means of gathering”都可以明确：狼的嚎叫正是为了找伴儿，故选项b的说法是最符合原文的。8“howling.is a contagious behaviour”(in the last paragraph)means_.ahowling is a signal for huntingbhowling is a way of communicationchowling often occurs in the morningdhowling spreads from one to another答案：d。句意理解题。从最后一段中的第二句话中可以找到contagious一词的理解：一个随着一个的去做事情，如同选项d所说的那样。(2011海淀第二学期期末，c)job sharing refers to the situation in which two people divide the responsibility of one fulltime job. the two people willingly act as parttime workers, enough hours between them to fulfill the duties of a fulltime worker. if they each work half the job, for example, they each receive 50 percent of the jobs wages，its holidays and its other benefits.job sharing differs from conventional(常规的) parttime work in that it occurs mainly in the more highly skilled and professional areas, which require higher levels of responsibility and employee commitment.job sharing should not be confused with the term work sharing，which refers to increasing the number of jobs by reducing the number of hours of each existing job, thus offering more positions to the growing number of unemployed people. job sharing, by contrast, is not designed to address unemployment problems; its focus, rather, is to provide wellpaid work for skilled workers and professionals who want more free time for other activities. as would be expected, most job sharers are women. a survey carded out in 1988 by britains equal opportunities commission showed that 78 percent of sharers were female, the majority of whom were between 20 and 40 years of age. subsequent studies have come up with similar results. many of these women were reentering the job market after having had children，but they chose not to seek parttime work because it would have meant lower status. job sharing also offered an acceptable shift back into fulltime work after a long absence.the necessity of close cooperation when sharing a job with another person makes the actual work quite different from conventional oneposition jobs. however，to ensure a greater chance that the partnership will succeed, each person needs to know the strengths, weaknesses and preferences of his or her partner before applying for a position. moreover, there must be a fair division of both routine tasks and interesting ones. in sum, for a position to be jobshared well, the two individuals must be well matched and must treat each other as equals.本文讲述了“job sharing”这一新的工作形式的特征及其要求。9in what way is work sharing different from job sharing?a. work sharing requires more working hours.b. work sharing is aimed at creating more jobs.c. work sharing provides a more satisfactory salary.d. work sharing depends on the employers decision.答案：b。事实细节题。由第3段首句中的“work sharing, which refers to increasing the number of jobs.”可知which引导的定语从句修饰work sharing，由此推出答案。10according to paragraph 4, young mothers preferred job sharing to conventional parttime work mainy because _.a. they sought higher social statusb. they were over ideal working agesc. they had difficulty finding fulltime jobsd. they had to take care of both work and family答案：a。推理判断题。由第4段倒数第2句可推知这些年轻妇女们选择job sharing这一工作形式是为了寻求更高的社会地位。故选a。11in job sharing the partners should _.a. enjoy equal social status b. have similar work experiencec. keep in touch with each other d. know each other very well答案：d。事实细节题。由尾段后半段的内容可知d项正确。12the main purpose of the passage is to_.a. describe job sharing in generalb. discuss how to provide more jobsc. recommend job sharing to womend. compare job sharing with work sharing答案：a。主旨大意题。总览全文可知本文旨在大体上描述“job sharing” 这一工作形式。故选a。(2011合肥第二次质检，d)you are busy filling out the application form for a position you really need；lets assume you once actually completed a couple of years of college work or even that you completed your degree. isnt it tempting to lie just a little, to claim on the form that your diploma (文凭) represents a harvard degree? or that you finished an extra couple of years back at state university?more and more people are turning to an utter deception (欺骗)like this to land their first job or to move ahead in their careers. for personnel officers, like most americans, value degress from famous schools. a job applicant may have a good education anyway, but he or she assumes that chances of being hired are better with a diploma from a wellknown university. registrars(学籍管理员)at most wellknown colleges say that they deal with dishonest claims like these at the rate of about one per week.personnel officers do check up on degrees listed on application forms. it turns out that when an applicant is lying, most colleges are unwilling to accuse the applicant directly. one ivy league school refers to them as “special cases”. one wellknown west coast school, in perhaps the most delicate phrase of all, says these claims are made by “no such people”to avoid complete lies，some job seekers claim that they “attended” or “were associated with”a college or university. after careful checking, a personnel officer may discover that “attending” means being dismissed after one semester. it may be that “being associated with” a college means that the job seeker visited his younger brother for a football weekend. one school that keeps records of false claims says that the practice dates back at least to the turn of the centurythats when they began keeping records, anyhow.if you dont want to lie or even stretch the truth, there are companies that will sell you a fake diploma. one company, with offices in new york and on the west coast, will put your name on a diploma from any number of nonexistent colleges. the price begins at around twenty dollars for a diploma from “smoot state university”. the prices increase rapidly fo