unit词汇与句子(调整版).doc

必修一 UNIT1 Friendship重点词汇与句子 2010-8-231、Add up your score and see how many points you get. 把你的分数加起来，看看你能得多少。add up合计If you get these numbers up, you will get 50. 如果你把这些数字加起来，结果会是50.l 特别提示：add up指将合计，其后要跟“合计”的部分。add up to指“总计为”其后跟总数。l 联想扩展：addto 把加到上 add to 增加add in 添加 add on 另外加上去We need to add in some information about his background.The lawyer encouraged the judge to add on another 24 hours and found a key evidence.l 即时活用： 1、Three_ ten makes thirteen. A. adds to B. adds C. added to D. is added to 答案：C 2、All his schooling _ no more than one year. A. added up B. added up to C. added to D. added on 答案：B2、Tell your friend that you are concerned about him / her and you will meet after class and talk then. 告诉你的朋友你很关心他/她，然后下课后你们就可以见面交谈。concernl 用法归纳：(1) 关于；与有关 The news concerns our school. 这个消息与我们学校有关。(2) 使担心Please dont let my illness concern you. 别使我的疾病让你担心。l 联想扩展：A、be concerned about /for 关心He was very concerned about me. 他很关心我。We are all concerned for her safety. 我们都关心你的安全。B. concern oneself with sth 忙于，关切I am too busy to concern myself with your affairs.C. so /as far as is concerned. 就而言It is impossible so far as I am concerned. 对我而言那不可能。即时活用：1、_, you can stay the whole summer.A. Whoever it concerned （无论与谁有关）B. As far as Im concernedC. As you are concerned （由于和你有关）D. Concerning you and me （和你我有关）答案：B 2、Anything that _ Mr. Green interests me . A. concerns B. matters C. importance D. subjects 答案：A 3、Its not necessary for you to be _ about others business . A. concern B. concern yourself C. concerning D. concerned 答案：D3、Make a list of reasons why friends are important to you. 列出朋友们对你为什么重要的理由。 reason n.理由；原因 v. 说服；说理 Tell me the reason why(=for which) you didnt come yesterday. 告诉我昨天你为什么没来。 We reasoned with them about the matter. 我们和他们理论那个问题。 联想扩展： The reason why is that 的理由是 There is no reason to do 毫无理由做 There is every reason to do 又充分理由做 易混辨析： reason , cause , excuse 原因，理由 reason 解释或说明某个事实的理由,来龙去脉。其理由是推理的，与conclusion 相对。 cause 引起或造成某种现象的原因。其原因为客观存在，相对于effect而言。 excuse 指免受指责或推卸责任而找的“理由，借口”。 即时活用： 用reason , cause , excuse填空。 1、Laziness is the main _ of poverty. 2、The manager didnt give me the _ for my punishment. 3、I dont want to listen to your _. 答案：1、cause 2、reason 3、excuse4、Does a friend always have to be a person? What else can be your friend? 朋友一定是人吗？还有什么能做你的朋友？else adj. 其他的；另外的 用法归纳： (1) 跟在疑问词和不定代词后What else do you want to buy? 你还想买什么？Where else do you want to go?Who else did you see?Is there anything else that I can do for you? 我还能为你做什么？Its like a tiger,but not. Its something else.Dont tell anybody else this secret. (2)表示所有格的“s”只能放在else后。命题动向：考查else时，主要考查else的所有格形式。 即时活用：-Is this bike yours?-No, its _.A. somebodys elses B. somebody else C. somebodys else D. somebody elses答案：D5. While walking the dog, you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car. 遛狗时，你很粗心；狗跑掉了，被车撞了。用法归纳：当while, when, before, after, though, if, as, as if, unless 等等连接代词或连接副词引导状语从句时，如果从句中的主语和主句中的主语一致，这些词后就可以直接跟现在分词或过去分词构成非谓语结构。现在分词表示主动；过去分词表示被动。While listening to MP3, I can also listen to the teacher.听MP3的同时，我还可以听老师讲课。When asked the question of her marriage, the pop star kept silent.当被问到她的婚姻问题时，那位流行歌星保持沉默。即时活用：1、She wont come over for a visit unless_.A. being invited B. invited C. inviting D. was invited 答案：B2、_ to an Australian home, you will probably eat outside and cook meat on the open fire.A. Asking B. Being asked C. If asked D. If asking 答案：C 3、 Will you go to Li Pings birthday party? -No, _ invited to.A. if B. until C. when D. even though 答案：D6、I wonder if its because I havent been able to be outdoors for so long that Ive grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. 我想知道是否由于我很久没出门以至于我对有关自然的东西都那么的疯狂。wonder 想知道 用法归纳(1) + whether / if从句 I wonder if / whether he will come. 我想知道他是否能来。(2) +连接代词/ 连接副词 + to do We are wondering what to do this afternoon. 我们正在考虑今天下午做什么。(3) +连接代词或链接副词引导的从句 The old couple wondered which flat was suitable for them. 那对老年夫妇想知道那套房子适合他们。l 特别提示：1.wonder表示“想知道”时，后面一般不跟that引导的从句(4) + about ：疑惑，想知道 I was just wondering about that。我觉得那事情莫名其妙。(5) + at ：对某事感到诧异，They wondered at his learning. 他们惊讶于他的学识。我想知道他是谁。I wonder who he is.我想知道他们是否会结婚。I wonder if /wether they will get married.我正在考虑选哪个。I am wondering which to choose.l 联想扩展：no wonder 难怪2. wonder 后如果要跟名词，在wonder和名词之间要加at。l 命题动向及解题技巧：1、单项选择题中，一般考wonder后跟什么连词。做题时一定要考虑从句的意思及连接词在从句中的成分。如果作宾语就用连接代词；如果作状语就用连接副词。2. 改错题一般会出wonder后跟that或wonder后加名词，缺少at的情况。即时活用：1、-Tony was very bright and worked hard. - It was no _ he always got the first place in his studies. A. doubt B. problem C. question D. wonder 答案：D 2、- Ive just learned that Julie and Jerry are sisters. -_ they look like each other so much. A. Its natural B. No wonder C. Thats because D. After all 答案：B7、I wonder if its because I havent been able to be outdoors for so long that Ive grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. 我想知道是否由于我很久没出门以至于我对有关自然的东西都那么的疯狂。sothat 和suchthat的区别 sothat 和suchthat都表示“如此以至于”但用法有区别。 用法归纳： （1）so + adj. /adv + that Liu Xiang runs so quickly that no one can catch up with him. 刘翔跑得那么快没有人能赶上他。（2）so+ adj.+ a/ an + n + thatMike is so good a student that every teacher likes him.迈克是这么好的一个学生以至于每个老师都喜欢他。特别提示： (3) so / too / how/ this /that + adj. +a /an +n 注意形容词和冠 词的排列顺序。You cant express how beautiful a scene it is in word.你不能有语言表达那个风光的美丽。He isnt that bad a student. 他不是那么坏的一个学生。(4) such+ a/an+ adj. +n +thatChina is such a large country that you can see only a little of it in one month.中国如此之大，用一个月时间你只能看到它很小的一部分。(5) such +adj. +不可数名词或复数名词 + thatIt was such lovely weather yesterday that we went outing.昨天天气如此好，我们去郊游了。I have many such good books that I have learned a lot from them.我有许多这样的好书以至于我从中学到了很多东西。l 特别提示：1.such和不定代词连用时，不定代词必须放在such前。One such table is big enough. 这样的一张桌子就够大了。There is no such a person here. 这里没有这样的一个人。2.当名词为不可数名词时，前面只能用such, 不能用so。当名词前有表示数量的词如：many, much, little, few 时，只能用so。但是，a little girl, a little boy为整体单词，不受此规定限制。 命题动向及解题技巧： 如果要考such或so, 主要考查它们和冠词以及形容词的搭配顺序；不定代词和such的顺序；还有名词前有表示数量的词如：many, much, little, few时只能用so的规定。 即时活用：1、The girls had_that she nearly died last week. A. such high a fever B. so high a fever C. so a high fever D. a such high fever 答案： B2、I am very tired that I cant go any farther. 答案：把very 改为so。3、Our teacher told us _ story _ we all never forget it.A. so an interesting; so that B. so interesting a; whichC. such interesting a; that D. such an interesting; that 答案：D4、He made _little progress _ his parents felt disappointed. A. such, that B so, that C. such, as D so, as答案：B 5、There were many people in the street that the fire engine couldnt get close to the _building. Aso, burning Bsuch, burning Cvery, burnt Dtoo, burnt 答案：A 6、There was heavy smoke the helicopters were not able to get close enough. Asuch, that Bso, that Csuch a, that Dso a, that 答案：A 7、-Whats the matter with the man lying on the ground? -He is_ man _no one can carry. A. such a heavy; that B. so a heavy; that C. so heavy a; as D. such heavy a; as 答案：A 8、We were in _ when we left that we forgot the airline tickets. A. a rush so anxious B. a such anxious rush C. so an anxious rush D. such an anxious rush 答案：D8、I stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven in order to have a good look at the moon by myself. 我有意不睡觉一直到十一点半以便于能亲眼好好看看月亮。表语形容词 awake alive alone asleep alike afraid 用法归纳：表语形容词只能作表语，不能作定语。（alive可做后置定语）The baby is still wide awake at this time of the night.特别提示：表语形容词前不能用very修饰。表语形容词有自己的修饰词（be wide/half awake , be fast / deep/sound asleep , be quite alone, be very much alive）命题动向：表语形容词主要考查其前面的修饰词。同学们只要记住就可以了。9、I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound. 我清楚的记得曾经有过一段时间蓝天、鸟叫、月光和鲜花从来没有让我不知所措过。keep + O + OC 用法归纳： (1) keep + O + 形容词 Coat can keep you warm in winter. 冬天大衣可以保暖。 (2) keep + O + 现在分词 Oil keeps cars running. 油能使汽车运行。 (3) keep + O + 过去分词 Keep the door closed. Dont open it. 让门关着，别打开。 (4) keep + O + 副词 Coat can keep cold out in winter. 冬天大衣可以御寒。 (5) keep + O +介词短语 Exercise keeps people in good health. 锻炼能使人身体健康。 特别提示： 作表语或宾语补足语的副词必须是小品词，千万不能用以ly结尾的副词。 即时活用： John was so sleepy that he could hardly keep his eyes _. A. open B. to be opened C. to open D. opening 答案：A10、I stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven in order to have a good look at the moon by myself. 我有意不睡觉一直到十一点半以便于能亲眼好好看看月亮。in order to 和so as to的区别 用法归纳： in order to 和so as to都表示“为了，以便于”。但用法上又区别。 （1）放在句中两个短语可以互换 I got up early in the morning in order to / so as to catch the first bus. 我早上早早起床以便于能赶上第一班车。 (2) in order to 可以放在句首；so as to不能放在句首。 In order to study English, we came here. 为了学习英语，我们来到了这里 (3) so + adj. / adv. + as toYou are so kind as to help me. 你帮助了我，你这个人太好了。 即时活用：1、He went swimming on a hot day, _.A. only to be drowned B. so as to be drownedC. in order to be drowned D. so that he could be drowned 答案：A2、We shouldnt sit too close to a fire in order get our clothes .Ato not, burn Bto not, burning Cnot to, burnt Dnot to, burning 答案：C11、But as the moon gave far too much light, I didnt dare open a window. 但是由于月光太亮，我不敢打开窗子。dare敢 特别提示： dare既可作情态动词，也可作实意动词。所以，做选择题时，既要考虑情态动词的用法规定，也要考虑实意动词的用法规定。即时活用： 1、The little girl _ at night. A. dares not go out B. dare not to go out C. doesnt dare go out D. doesnt dare to go out E. dare not go out答案：DE D项符合实意动词的用法规定。E项符合情态动词的用法规定。 2、After the glass fell to the ground and broke, the boy _his grandmother about it. A. didnt dare to tell B. dare not telling C. dare not to tell D. not dare tell 答案：A3、I wonder how he _ that to the teacher. A. dare to say B. dare saying C. not dare say D. dared say答案：D12、I am only able to look at nature through dirty curtains hanging before very dusty windows. 我只能通过挂在布满灰尘的窗台前的很脏的窗帘观看自然。hang 挂；吊 用法归纳： hang的过去式和过去分词有两种形式，并且意义不同。hangedhanged 绞死；吊死 hunghung挂；吊 The murderer was hanged last week. 那个杀人犯上星期被绞死了。 That piece of meat has hung there for a long time. 那块肉已经在那里挂很长时间了。 特别提示： 表示衣服、物品正在挂着用hanging而不用别的形式。命题动向：hang主要考查两种过去分词的区别以及特别提示中的考点。即时活用： 1、The jacket _ behind the door is mine. A. hung B. being hung C. hanging D. hanged答案：C 2、Seen from the foot of the mountain, clouds are seen beautifully _over its top.A. hung B. hanged C. hanging D. being hung 答案：C 3、He told us that the picture_on the wall was painted by his nephew. A. having hung B. hanging C. hangs D. being hung 答案：B 4、_ the windows _ the pictures of different styles.A. Among; hang B. Between; hanged C. Among; hanging D. Between; hang 答案：D13、We closed the door behind us and we were alone. 我们关了我们身后的门，房子里就只有我们了。alone 和lonely 用法归纳：（1） 两个词都是形容词，都可以作表语。alone表示客观事实“一个人”。lonely表示主观感受“孤独”。（2） lonely还可以作定语，修饰地理概念或建筑物。 There is a lonely house on the lonely island. 在那座孤岛上有一个孤独的房子。（3）alone还可以作副词，表示“单独一个人；仅仅”。 The little boy cant carry the heavy box all alone. 那个小男孩一个人拿不动那个很重的箱子。 命题动向： 单项选择题即时活用： 1、Although he lives on a(n) _ island _, he doesnt feel_ at all. A. alone; alone; lonely B. lonely; alone; alone C. lonely; alone; lonely D. lonely; lonely; alone答案：C 2、-With production up by 6%, the factory will have another excellent year. -Yes, last month_, _turned out twice as many products. A. only; it B. alone; they C. lonely; he D. merely; was 答案：B 3、People all over the world should work together; no _country can save the environment.A. alone B. single C. lonely D. one 答案：B 4、After he retired , the general lived _ in a small village in his hometown , but he didnt feel _ .A. lonely ; alone B. lonely ; lonely C. alone ; lonely D. alone ; alone答案：C 5、We have published lots of books .This year _ weve done three million .A. only B. just C. alone D. merely答案：C14、They were tired and lay down on their beds. 他们都很累了，都躺到床上了。lie撒谎 / lie 躺；位于 / lay 放；置 知识归纳： lie撒谎 lied lied lie 躺；位于 lay lain lay 放；置 laid laid特别提示：注意这三个词的过去时和过去分词命题动向： 单项选择题即时活用： 1、It is believed that the boss _ to us on that point. A. lay B. lied C. lain D. layed 答案：B解题技巧： 从上面的例子大家可以看到，这三个词主要考查拼写形式的变化。特别注意，一般现在时态“撒谎”和“躺”形式相同，那么，它们的现在分词形式也相同。lie“躺；位于”的过去式lay和“放；置”的原型lay相同。 3、Ted was so worn out that he just _ down and slept for ten hours. A. lied B. laid C. lay D. had lain 答案：C 4、Jack should have taken the doctors advice that he _ in bed for a couple of days. A. would lie B. lie C. must lie D. lay 答案：B 5、His great discovery _ his determination and devotion to science. A. caused B. led to C. lay in D. resulted in 答案：C 6、The board that he _ there two days before _there.A. laid; laid B. had laid; lie C. lay; lay D. had laid; lay 答案：D15、We had to start clearing up at once, if we wished to sleep in comfortable beds that night. 如果我们希望晚上睡在舒适的床上，我们就必须马上打扫卫生。start, begin, continue +to do /doing 的区别 用法归纳(1) 表示有意识的开始或继续，后面加doing;表示无意识的开始或继续后面加to do。(2) 人作主语时，后面多加doing；物作主语时，后面多加to do。(3) 当这三个词用于进行时态时，后面只能加to do。（这时主语是人是物都可）Mary is starting to catch up with us. 玛丽开始赶上我们了。The bus is continuing to run very fast. 公共汽车还在快速跑着。(4) 当这三个词后所跟动词表示精神状态或心理活动时，只能用不定式。I continue to feel terrible. 我还感到很难受。They began to doubt my honesty. 他们开始怀疑我的诚实了。 特别提示： 口语中，start, begin, continue后跟to do或doing 都可以。 命题动向： 如果试题中有单词填空题，这三个词有可能会出现。并且，主要考查它们后面是跟to do还是跟v-ing。 即时活用： 1、Man _a battle against pollution at once.A. must start fighting B. had to start to fight C. is starting fighting D. is beginning fighting 答案：A 2、 What were you doing when she called? -I had just finished my work and _.A. was starting to take a bath B. was started to take a bathC. to start to take a bath D. starting to take a bath 答案：A 3、 You were late again this morning. -I think you had better _on.A. to start to be B. start being C. started being D. start to be 答案：B16、We had to start clearing up at once, if we wished to sleep in comfortable beds that night. 如果我们希望晚上睡在舒适的床上，我们就必须马上打扫卫生。hope 和wish 希望用法归纳：hope(1) hope to do sth. The parents hoped to give their son a good lesson. 父母希望给他们儿子一个很好的教训。(2) hope that I hope that it will be fine tomorrow. 我希望明天天气好。(3) hope for +n We should hope for the best and prepare for the worst. 我们应该做最好的打算，做最坏的准备。wish(1) wish to do The businessman wished to fly to the moon. 那个商人希望飞上月球。(2) wish sb. to do sth. The teacher wished all his students to go to college. 老师希望他所有的学生都能上大学。(3) wish sb. + n 祝愿 Wish you a good trip! 祝你旅行愉快！(4) wish that A. 表示对现在的希望，that从句的谓语用过去式。 I wish I were still a child. 我希望我还是个小孩。 B. 表示对过去的希望，that从句的谓语用过去完成时或 could have done The student wishes that he had studied hard in the last three years. 那个学生希望过去三年他好好学习来着。 C. 表示对将来的希望，that从句的谓语用would / could加动词原形 Man always wishes that he could live on the moon in the future. 人类一直希望将来能住到月球上。联想扩展： wish sb. + n 祝愿 的同义句为 may sb.+动词原形 Wish you every success! = May you succeed!特别提示：1. hope 和wish都表示“希望”， 但hope实现的可能性比较大，wish一般只表示一个愿望。2. 千万记住，hope没有 hope sb. to do sth. 句型。命题动向： 单项选择题即时活用：1、Which of the following is not proper? A. I hope you to succeed. B. I wish you luck. C. I wish you success. D. I hope you will succeed.答案：A解题技巧：除了上面的考法，可能还会考hope后加名词，wish后从句的谓语动词的时态。 2、I _ you will write me back soon.A. wish B.hope C.want D.need 答案：B 3、We _ each other the best of luck in the examination.A. hoped B. wanted C. expected D. wished 答案：D 4、 Why are you spraying water on the ground? Didnt it rain last night? - No, mum, but I wish it _.A. was raining B. rained C. had rained D. would rain 答案：C5、- Have you finished studying ? - No, but I wish I _.A. would B. had C. should D. have 答案：B6、Shall I open the window? -Yes, please. I wish _ it.A. you would open B. your opening C. you shall open D.