英语六级经典长难句分析.doc

英语六级经典长难句分析（15句）1. This is a difficult and unpleasant business and few animals would survive if they had to start from the beginning and learn about the world wholly by trial and error, for there are the have possible decisions which would prove fatal. (1992. 阅读. 6. Text 2)【译文】这是个困难而又糟糕的事，因为如果动物出生后不得不从头学习生存本领，并且仅仅依靠尝试错误体验世界，那么只有极少数动物能够存活，因为它们做出的决定有可能是致命的。【析句】复合句。主句由and连接两个并列句子组成，This is a difficult and unpleasant business and few animals would survive, and前的句子是简单句，and后的句子后又跟有if引导的条件状语从句和for引导的原因状语从句for there are decisions, decisions又有which引导的定语从句修饰。2. Vigorous criticism is constructive in science more than in some other areas of human endeavor because in it there are adequate standards of validity which can be agreed upon by competent scientists the world over.(1992. 阅读. 6. Text 3)【译文】激烈的批评在科学界比在其他人类智慧领域更能起到建设性的作用，这是因为在科学世界里有足够多的有效标准，这些标准被全世界的优秀科学家们共同认可。【析句】复合句。主句Vigorous criticism is constructive in science more than in some other areas of human endeavor,句中主要包含了比较级，具体是介词短语的比较级。主句后是原因状语从句because there are adequate standards of validity,定语从句which can be agreed upon by.修饰standards of validity。3. Hes a historian of science at Massachusetts Institute of Technology who has discovered something else these two men-and, indeed, most of the major pioneers in science over the last 400 years-have in common: they were, like Sulloway himself, preceded in birth by at least one other brother or sister. (1992. 阅读. 6. Text 4)【译文】他是麻省理工学院的一名科学历史学家，他发现了这两位科学家实际上也是过去400年里多数科学界领军人物的共同点：那些人和Sulloway自己一样都至少由一个哥哥或姐姐。【析句】复合句。主句Hes a historian of science at MIT，后面是定语从句who has discovered something else,these two men-.-have in common是省略了关系代词that的定语从句修饰something else,破折号内的内容and most of the major pioneers.作插入语。最后，引号后的句子是something else的具体内容。4. There are several steps that can be taken, of which the chief one is to demand of all the organizations that exist with the declared objectives of safeguarding the interests of animals that they should declare clearly where they stand on violence towards people. (1993. 阅读. 6. Text 1)【译文】可以采取若干措施，其中最主要的是要求所有宣称保护动物权益的组织明确表明他们在暴力袭击事件中所持的立场。【析句】本例句中包含多个层层相扣的从句。主句很简单，There are several steps,steps后紧跟有定语从句that can be taken, of which相当于of several steps,引导非限制性定语从句修饰several steps。而of which the chief one is to demand of all the organizations.that.中，包含短语demand of sb that.,to demand of为不定式作表语，all the organizations作demand of的间接宾语，并且后面有that exist with the declared.animals作定语从句修饰，demand的直接宾语是that宾语从句that they should declare where they stand on.,where引导declare的宾语从句。5. Thus, for those individuals who are interested in preserving both the quality and quantity of life, personal health choices should reflect those behaviors that are associated with a statistical probability of increased vitality and longevity. (1993. 阅读. 6. Text 4)【译文】因此，对于那些有心保持生活数量和质量的人来说，个人的健康选择应该能够反映那些从数据上显示可能使人提高活力、延长寿命的行为。【析句】复合句。句首，for those individuals后有定语从句who are interested in preserving.life修饰those individuals,句中是主句personal health choices should reflect those behaviors,而behaviors后也有that引导的定语从句修饰。主句前后都有从句修饰，句子结构是对成的。6. A research paper, assigned in a course and perhaps checked at various stages by an instructor, leads you beyond classroom, beyond the texts for classes and into a process where the joy of discovery and learning can come to you many times. (1994. 阅读. 1. Text 3)【译文】导师在某门课程上布置研究论文，并在不同阶段进行检查，这能够使你的学习超越课堂，超越课本，进入到一个你能多次体会学习和发现的乐趣的过程。【析句】复合句。主句是A research paper leads you beyond.,beyond.and into a process。谓语动词leads后有多个并列的介词短语。而assigned in a course and checked at.instructor是过去分词作定语修饰a research paper,同时也是插入语。最后，在a process后有where引导的定语从句修饰。7. In our culture, the sources of what we call a sense of “mastery”feeling important and worth-while-and the sources of what we call a sense “pleasure”-finding life enjoyable-are not always identical. (1994. 阅读. 1. Text 4)【译文】在我们的文化中，我们常说的“控制感”感觉自己很重要有价值，与“快乐感”发现生活的乐趣，它们的来源是不尽相同的。【析句】例句1句子看起来很长，但结构并不复杂。句子主干是the sources of. and the sources of.are not always identical,有两个并列的主语the sources of,而两个of后各有一个what引导的宾语从句what we call a sense of.。同时，主语后各有一个现在分词伴随状语，位于破折号后。8. Ironically, those things that keep us from knowing another person too well (e.g., secrets and deceptions) may be just as important to the development of satisfying relationship as those things that enable us to obtain accurate knowledge about a person (e.g., disclosure and truthful statements). (1995. 阅读1. 1. Text 1)【译文】让人感到讽刺的是，那些阻碍我们了解别人的东西(比如秘密和欺骗)对于培养令人满意的友谊，或许与那些使我们准确了解别人的东西(比如坦白和真话)同样重要。【析句】复合句。主句是those things may be just as important to.as those things，包含了as.to sb/sth as.比较级结构。主语those things后有定语从句that keep us from knowing another person too well,而介词宾语those things后也有that引导的定语从句修饰，这样就使得整个句子的结构前后对称，工整顺口。9. Interestingly, though, the rise of the unattractive overnight successes was attributed more to personal relationships and less to ability than was that of attractive overnight successes. (1995. 阅读. 6. Text 2)【译文】但是，有趣的是，比起长相漂亮的人，长相不美者的迅速成功更容易归功于个人关系助力，而非能力卓越。【析句】这也是个比较句。比较结构是the rise of the unattractive overnight successes was attributed more to.and less to.than was that of.,比较的对象是the rise of the unattractive overnight success与was that of attractive overnight success,其中that指代the rise。而比较的形式是动词词组attribute to的比较级，且由and连接两个并列的比较级。10. In terms of our capacity to sample the relevant universes, however, and the probability that our images of these universes are at least approximately correct, one suspects that a reverse order is more reasonable. (1995. 阅读. 1. Text 3)【译文】然而，从我们在这几个领域抽取样本的能力来看，加上我们对这些领域的印象至少大体上是正确的，因此可以假设采用相反的顺序更加合理。【析句】主句是one suspects+that宾语从句，in terms of是介词短语，our capacity to sample.and the probability.是in terms ofd的并列的宾语。capacity后to sample the relevant universes为不定式作宾语，而the probability后that our images of these universes are.correct是定语从句。注意，universes这里是“领域”的意思。11. Even the folk knowledge in social systems on which ordinary life is based in earning, spending, organizing, marrying, taking part in political activities, fighting and so on, is not very dissimilar from the more sophisticated images of the social system derived from the social sciences, even though it is built upon the very imperfect samples of personal experience. (1995. 阅读. 1. Text 3)【译文】即使是社会体系中作为收入、消费、组织活动、结婚、参加政治活动、战斗等日常行为的基础的民俗知识，也与从社会科学中产生的更加复杂精密的社会系统图像非常相似，即使这种社会系统的基础是有缺陷的个人经历。【析句】复合句，主句为Even the folk knowledge in social systems is not very dissimilar from the more sophisticated images of the social system.,even在主句中作副词，主句主语the folk knowledge in social systems后有which引导定语从句，先行词作on的宾语，因此定义出句中把on放在which的前面。最后，主句后是even though引导的让步状语从句。12. Our image of the astronomical universe is the least secure of all simplybecause we observe such a fantastically small sample of it and its record-keeping is trivial as compared with the rich records of the social systems, or even the limited records of biological systems. (1995. 阅读. 1. Text 3)【译文】我们对于天文领域的印象是三种领域中最不稳定的，这只是因为我们仅仅看到了很少却美妙的案例，与社会体系丰富的记录，甚至和生活体系有限的记录相比，天文领域中保持的记录实在是微不足道。【析句】主句Our image of the astronomical universe is the least secure of all,because引导原因状语从句。从句中包含两个并列的句子，分别是we observe such a fantastically small sample of it,和its record-keeping is trivial as compared with., 其中包含了词组as compared with, 意思是“与.相比”。13. Conflict, defined as opposition among social entities directed against one another is distinguished from competition, defined as opposition among social entities independently striving for something which is in inadequate supply. (1996. 阅读. 1. Text 2)【译文】冲突的定义是社会实体与另一实体间的对抗，而竞争的定义是不同社会实体间独立争夺供应不足的资源而发生的对抗。这两者的性质是截然不同。【析句】主句是Conflict is distinguished from competition,主语conflict后，defined as oppostion among social entities directed against one another为过去分词作定语，相当于which is defined as.。同样，介词宾语competition后也有相同的结构，使得句子前后对称。而后一句中，social entities后又有striving for some thing现在分词作定语修饰social entities,而something后是which引导的定语从句。14. While it is true that this competition may induce efforts to expand territory at the expense of others, and thus lead to conflict, it cannot be said that war-like conflict among nations is