研究生英语期末复习.docx

翻译Unit11、He may have reached the very Z of knowledge in the books,but he still feels half ignorant until he has confirmed each bright particular with his eyes.他也许对书本上的知识已经无所不知，除非他用双眼去印证每个绚烂色彩的实事时，还是会感到一知半解。2、Little shreds and tags ,it is probable,will stick even in the worst memory ,just as a succession of sheep cannot leap through a gap in a hedge without leaving a few wisps of wool on the thorns.一些细枝末节当然也可能留在最为健忘的人的脑子里，正如一群羊跳出篱笆不可能不留下一小撮羊毛在篱笆上。3、One of the greatest joys known to man is to take such a flight into ignorance in search of knowledge .人们最大的乐趣之一是为了求知而陷入无知。4、Themanwhohaslostthispleasureorexchangeditforthepleasureofdogma,whichisthepleasureofanswering,isalreadybeginningtostiffen.一个人如果失去了提问题的乐趣，或者把它变成一种教条，这说明他的头脑开始僵化。Unit31、I think, however, that provided work is not excessive in amount, even the dullest work is to most people less painful than idleness.然而，我认为，对大多数人来说，只要工作量不是太大，即使所做的事再单调也总比无所事事好受。2、Most of the idle rich suffer unspeakable boredom as the price of their freedom from drudgery.大多数无所事事的富人都免受艰辛劳作之苦，但是作为代价，他们遭受到难以形容的烦闷。3、Every man who has acquired some unusual skill enjoys exercising it until it has become a matter of course， or until he can no longer improve himself.凡是掌握了不同寻常的技巧的人都喜欢运用这种技巧，直至他感到太平常或他再也不能提高时为止。Unit61、Marriagesfail,however,notsimplybecauseoftheoutsideweatherbutbecausetheinnerclimatebecomestoohotortoocold,tooturbulentortoostupefying.但是，婚姻失败不纯粹是因为外界天气的影响，更是因为内部气候变得太冷或太热，太动荡不安或太冷淡麻木。2、Obligationstodemandingparentsorstill-depended-uponparentscreatefurtherstrain.对苛求的父母或仍需赡养的父母应尽的责任进一步加剧了紧张关系。3、Theseandotherrealitiesoflifeerodethevisionsofmaritalblissthewaysandstormseatatrockandtheoceannibblesawayatthedunes.就像沙尘暴侵蚀岩石、海浪蚕食沙丘，这一切以及生活中其他现实问题逐渐毁灭对幸福婚姻的幻想。4、Thestruggletosurviveinmarriagerequiresadaptability,flexibility,genuineloveandkindnessandanimaginationstrongenoughtofeelwhattheotherisfeeling.维系婚姻的努力要求有适应能力、灵活性、真挚的爱和亲切和善，还要有足够强的想象力，去感受对方的感情。Unit71、Idonotbelievethatsheeverhadtimetonoticethatshewasgettingold.This ,I think ,is the proper recipe for remaining young.我相信她从来没有时间去注意自己在慢慢变老。我觉得这是她保持年轻的秘诀。2、Ithinkthatasuccessfuloldageiseasierforthosewhohavestrongimpersonalinterestsinvolvingappropriateactivities.我认为，如果老年人对于个人以外的事情怀有强烈的兴趣，并参加适当的活动，他们的晚年是最容易过得好的。3、An individual human existence should be like a river - small at first, narrowly contained within its banks, and rushing passionately past boulders and over waterfalls.一个人的一生可以比作一条河流：开始身躯很小，两岸之间非常狭窄，水流湍急，冲过砾石，飞下悬瀑。Unit81、Cantheyallgetalong?Orwillourfearofkidssurfingfordirtypicturesbehindtheirbedroomdoorsprovokeacrackdown?问题是他们都能和睦相处吗?人们是否会因为害怕孩子们躲在卧室里看网上的淫秽图片而将它封杀?2、whatweneedisntgovernmentcontroloveralltheseelectroniccommunities:weneedself-rule.我们需要的不是政府对网络社区的管理，我们需要的是自制。3、Whatsuniqueaboutcyberspaceisthatitliberatesusfromthetyrannyofgovernment,whereeveryonelivesbytheruleofthemajority.信息空间的独特之处在于它使我们从政府的统治即服务于大多数人的法律中解脱出来。4、Growingupmeansunderstandingthattherearenoperfectanswers,noall-purposesolutions,nogovernment-sanctionedsafehavens.(para.17)要发展就意味着我们必须明白，世上没有完美无缺的答案，没有能够解决各种问题的妙方，没有政府认可的安全避难所。课文填空复习范围(unit1)Knowledge outside the days work is regarded by most men as a gewgaw. Still we are constantly in reaction against our ignorance. We rouse ourselves at intervals and speculate. We revel in speculations about anything at all about life after death or about such questions as that which is said to have puzzled Aristotle, “Why sneezing from noon to midnight was good, but from night to noon unlucky?” One of the greatest joys known to man is to take such a flight into ignorance in search of the knowledge. The great pleasure of ignorance is, after all, the pleasure of asking questions. The man who has lost this pleasure or exchanged it for the pleasure of dogma, which is the pleasure of answering, is already beginning to stiffen. One envies so inquisitive a man as Jewell, who sat down to the study of physiology in his sixties. Most of us have lost the sense of our ignorance long before that age. We even become vain of our squirrels hoard of knowledge and regard increasing age itself as a school of omniscience. We forget that Socrates was famed for wisdom not because he was omniscient but because he realized at the age of seventy that he still knew nothing.(unit3)The second advantage of most paid work and of some unpaid work is that it gives chances of success and opportunities for ambition. In most work success is measured by income and while our society continues, this is inevitable. It is only where the best work is concerned that this measure ceases to be the natural one to apply. The desire that men feel to increase their income is quite as much a desire for success as for extra comforts that a higher income can procure. However dull work may be, it becomes bearable if it is a means of building up a reputation, whether in the world at large or only in ones own circle. Continuity of purpose is one of the most essential ingredients of happiness in the long run, and for most men this comes chiefly through their work. In this respect those women whose lives are occupied with housework are much less fortunate than men, or than women who work outside the home. The domesticated wife does not receive wages, has no means of bettering herself, is taken for granted by her husband (who sees practically nothing of what she does), and is valued by him not for her housework but for quite other qualities.(unit6)The struggle to survive in marriage requires adaptability, flexibility, genuine love and kindness, and an imagination strong enough to feel what the other is feeling. Many marriages fall apart because either partner cannot imagine what the other wants or cannot communicate what he or she needs or feels. Anger builds until it erupts into a volcanic burst that buries the marriage in ash.It is not hard to see, therefore, how essential communication is for a good marriage. A man and a woman must be able to tell each other how they feel and why they feel the way they do; otherwise they will impose on each other roles and actions that lead to further unhappiness. In some cases, the communication patterns of childhoodof not talking, of talking too much, of not listening, of distrust and anger, of withdrawalspill into the marriage and prevent a healthy exchange of thoughts and feelings. The answer is to set up new patterns of communication and intimacy.(unit7)Psychologically there are two dangers to be guarded against in old age. One of these is undue absorption in the past. It does not do to live in memories，in regrets for the good old days, or in sadness about friends who are dead. Ones thoughts must be directed to the future, and to things about which there is something to be done. This is not always easy; ones own past is a gradually increasing weight. It is easy to think to oneself that ones emotions used to be more vivid than they are, and ones mind more keen. If this is true it should be forgotten, and if it is forgotten it will probably not be true.The other thing to be avoided is clinging to youth in the hope of sucking vigor from its vitality. When your children are grown up they want to live their own lives, and if you continue to be as interested in them as you were when they were young, you are likely to become a burden to them, unless they are unusually callous. I do not mean that one should be without interest in them, but ones interest should be contemplative and, if possible, philanthropic, but not unduly emotional. Animals become indifferent to their young as soon as their young can look after themselves, but human beings, owing to the length of infancy, find this difficult.(unit8)Aside from being unconstitutional, using censorship to counter indecency and other troubling “speech” fundamentally misinterprets the nature of cyberspace. Cyberspace isnt a frontier where wicked people can grab unsuspecting children, nor is it a giant television system that can beam offensive messages at unwilling viewers. In this kind of real estate, users have to choose where they visit, what they see, what they do. Its optional, and its much easier to bypass a place on the Net than it is to avoid walking past an unsavory block of stores on the way to your local 7-11.Put plainly,cyberspace is a voluntary destinationin reality,many destinations.You dont just get “onto the Net”;you have to go someplace in particular. That means that people can choose where to go and what to see.Yes, community standards should be enforced,butthose standards set by cyberspace communities themselves,not by the courts or by politicians in Washington.What we need isnt government control over all these electronic communities: We need self-rule. vocabularyUnit1asuccessionof（一连串）capricious（反复无常的，易冲动和不可预料的）gewgaw（小装饰品）lurk（潜伏，埋伏）dabble（弄湿，涉猎）insomemeasure（在某种程度上）omniscient（无所不知的）revelin（陶醉于）plod（单调乏味的）gospel（绝对真理，福音）1.ToallBuddhistbelieverstheGoddessofMercyisanomniscientandomnipotentgodtothereliefofafflictedandsufferinghumans.2.Sharpteethandstickytonguesareonthelurkeverywhereinthewild.3.Doyoupoldthroughthedayattheoffice?Areyousotiredbytheafternoonthatexerciseisthelastthingonyourmind?4.Formostpeople,itsnotuncommontodabbleinavarietyofthingsbeforesettlingononeoccupation.5.Oneshappinessmustinsomemeasurebealwaysatthemercyofchance.6.asuccessionofscandalshappenedinJapan,butnotasingleobserverdoubtedtheJapanesesystem,orevenattributingtheeventstothesystem.7.Wealreadyhaveenoughsoweshouldrevel inourowninteriorabundance.8.Knowledgeofmathematicscananswerthesequestions,andmaketheworldcomprehensibleandorderlyratherthanmysteriousandcapricious.9.Walkintoalmostanydepartmentstore,andthereitis-alongwithmoundsofothergadgetsandgewgawsthattheworldcanlivewithout.10.Apreacherofthegospel,beingregularlycalled,ought,aboveallthings,first,topurifyhimselfbeforeheteachesothers.Unit3Haphazard（偶尔的）actuate（促使）subsequent（随后的）impair（损害，削弱）preliminary（初步的，预备的）exquisite（精致的）sensation（身心的）感受）derivefrom（起源于，来自）deny（否定，否认；拒绝给予；拒绝的要求）agreeable（令人愉快的；适合的；和蔼可亲的）1.Theymadeplansforavisit,butsubsequentdifficultieswiththecarpreventedit.2.Repeatedusehasbeenassociatedwithcasesofliverdamageandmayimpaironesmemory.3.Hewasvoidofanyofthesefeelingswhichactuatementodogood.4.Iknowthecarhadstopped,butIhadthesensationthatitwasstillmoving.5.Thetalksareaimedatfindingamutuallyagreeablesolution.6.Icouldneverexpectthishaphazardcollisionwillleadtoanotherrelationship.7.IwouldhavelikedtohavelearntFrench,butIwasdeniedtheopportunityatschool.8.BecausetheLeftseeswealthasstatic,theybemoanthatrichesderivefromexploitingothers.9.Policesaidapreliminaryinvestigationshowedtheveteranfatallyshothimselfinthehead.10.Sheusesherexquisiteinstrumentastrongvoiceandanevenstrongerbodytomakeripplesinapuddle.Unit6peril（危险）trappedin（身陷）delusion（错觉）obsolete（过时的）legitimate（合理的）plague（瘟疫、麻烦）imposeon（强迫于）suffocate（使窒息、遏制）masculine（阳性的男性的）fallapart（崩溃）1.Thearmyplanstophaseouttheequipmentasitbecomes_obsolete_.2.Theworldstransportsystems_fall apart_withoutasupplyofelectricity.3.Manyspeciesareinperilofextinctionbecauseofourdestructionoftheirnaturalhabitat.4.Famine,_plague_andarbitrarytaxesmadelifehardenoughforcommonpeopleinthiscountry.5.Bysomeestimates,_legitimatesalesaccountforbarelyhalfofallthemoviesandmusicavailableinTaiwan.6.Theenvironmentalprotectiondepartmentwillimposethesefactoriesanextradrainfeeforexceedingtheprovidedstandard.7.Improperlyapplied,itcansuffocatetheBillofRight,turnourdemocracyintototalitarianstate.8.Eventodaymentendtodosuchmasculinetasksascarmaintenanceandyardwork.9.Innaturalortechnologicaldisasters,peoplecouldbe trappedinthewreckageoftheirhomesorplacesofwork.10.Itisdelusion_tosupposethateuro-areaexportscancontinuetobarrelonregardlessoftheircost.Unit7melancholy（忧郁，悲伤）miscarriage（流产，失败）maternal（母亲的，母方的）ancestor（祖先）philanthropic（博爱的，慈悲的）wholesome（有益健康的）oppressive（压抑的infancy（婴儿期）absorption（全神贯注的）contemplative（沉思的）1.Allthatafternoonheworeadreamy,contemplativeappearancewhichinhimwasamarkofperplexity.2.Expertssayenvironmentalhazardsmaycausemiscarriage,stillbirth,lowbirthweightandbirthdefects.3.Thebookprovidesthreeviewslifeunderanincreasinglyoppressiveandunpredictableregime.4.Inordertomaintainphysicalwellbeing,apersonshouldeatwholesomeFoodandgetsufficientexercise.5.Hiscompleteabsorptionintheworkwasreallyappreciatedandworthourlearning.6.TheresearchersfoundthatbothromanticloveandmaternalLoveproducethesameeffectonthebrain.7.Heissprungfromnobleancestors,andheisveryproud