Unit 3 Book 4.doc

Unit Three Gender DifferencesTeaching ObjectivesAfter learning this unit, make sure the students:1. Gain a new understanding of gender differences and gender discrimination.2. Master the meanings and usages of the key words and expressions.3. Develop the ability to use English in a well-rounded way.Teaching Focus1. To strengthen the students sense of self-study and cultivate the relative learning habits. 2. Vocabulary (refer to Language Points)3. Structure (refer to Language Points)Teaching Materials1. In-Class Reading: Gender Roles from a Cultural Perspective2. After-Class Reading: Passage I Boys are Teachers Pets3. After-Class Reading: Passage II What Kind of Brain Do You Have?4. Text A: Why Do We Believe That the Earth Is Round? 5. Text B: Science & Truth Teaching SchedulePeriods1-6PreparationGender Roles from a Cultural Perspective: New Words and Phrases; TextAssign translation practice (p16&p44) and post-reading tasksPeriods 7&8Listening, writing or reading exercisesTeaching Methods1. Try to create a vivid and authentic context with pictures, gestures and a short play or role play by students (if possible)2. “Use it to learn it”. Students own practice, esp. reading should be emphasized in the process of learning the relative materialsTeaching ProceduresPeriods 1-6Preparation1. Gender differenceGender difference is a term used to refer to social characteristic that distinguish men and women. These include such things as differences in hair styles, clothing, family responsibilities, occupational roles, acceptable behavior and other culturally learned activities and traits. All of these differences are linked to the non-biological notions of masculinity and femininity which vary from one culture to another.2. Related vocabulary: gender stereotype, masculine/feminine quality, masculine/feminine activity.3. Scan the differences between men and women. Then work in groups to decide whether the characteristics are mens or womens according to the information you get. (P. 92) 4. Watch the interview on Wives Are Bread Winners and answer the following questions with the ideas you get from it.1) Why is there a high divorce rate in the families which wives earn more?2) How do women often feel when they get more for the family?3) What are masculine and feminine?Reading ComprehensionI. Lead-in:Below are subjects taught in most schools. Work in groups to answer the following question.In each subject, who do you think do better, boys or girls?art language music geography chemistry history P.E. mathII. Pre-reading questions:1. Whats the typical image of a man / woman in traditional mold? 2. Is there any gender-bias in education? If so, whats the situation? Can you give an example to illustrate it?3. According to the last paragraph, how do boys and girls treat their school work? III. Structure of the text (P. 101)Part One: Introduction (Para. 1): It has been proven repeatedly that the various types of behavior, emotions and interests that constitute being masculine and feminine are patterned by both heredity and culture.Part Two:Development (Para. 2-4): There is a cultural bias in education that favors boys over girls.1) Teachers called on males in class far more than on female students. (Para.2) 2) Teachers assigned boys and girls different tasks according to stereotyped gender roles. (Para.3) 3) Gender-biased education is also reflected in the typical American teachers assumption that boys will do better in science subjects while girls tend to have better verbal and reading skills. (Para.4)Part Three:Conclusion (Para. 5)Educational bias begins at home and develops at school, which in turn reinforces its established values and turns out each gender in its traditional and expected mold.IV. Understanding Specific Information (P. 102)V. Post-reading activityGroup DiscussionDirection: Work in groups to answer the following questions. 1. Can you think of any ways in which Chinese culture affects gender roles?2. Have you ever been subjected to any gender discrimination?Language points:Sentence structure:1. Over the past few decades, it has been proven innumerable times that the various types of behavior, emotions, and interests that constitute being masculine and feminine are patterned by both heredity and culture. (Line 1, Para 1) It has been proven ( innumerable times ) that, 被（无数次）证明e.g.1) Now it has been proven that smoking can cause many diseases.现已证明吸烟可以引起很多疾病。2) It has been proven innumerable times that colds are not caused by being subjected to very bad weather. 已经无数次地证实感冒不是由于受到非常恶劣天气的影响造成的。pattern n.模式；方式；图案 e.g. sentence patterns 句型； living patterns 生活方式；v. form the character, qualities, etc., (of oneself) by copying 形成的性格/品质，学的样e.g. 1) Hepatternedhimselfaftera man he admired. 他以一个他钦佩的人为自己模仿的榜样。2) His femininity is patterned by his mother always dressing him like a girl and his playing with girls in his childhood. 他的女子气是小时候他母亲经常把他打扮成小姑娘和他常和小女孩玩耍的结果。2. Instead of being encouraged to develop intellectual curiosity and physical skills that are useful in dealing with the outside world, as boys are, girls are filled with fears of the world outside the home and with the desire to be approved of for their “goodness” and obedience to rules. (Line 54) Analysis:1) girls are filled with and with是全句的主句 2) instead of being encouraged 的主语是 girls3) that are useful in dealing with the outside world 是定语从句，修饰intellectual curiosity and physical skills4) be filled with有两个宾语，一个是 fears of the world outside the home,另一个是 desire to be approved of for their “goodness” and obedience to rules5) be approved of sth. 赞成，欣赏，变成被动语态时不能省略 of approve v. 赞成，赞同 ；批准，通过e.g.1) This proposal was approved of by Mr. Foster at the meeting. 这个建议在会议上得到了福斯特先生的赞同2) After months of indecision, the mayors office has finally approved the plans for a new hospital.数月的迟疑不定后，市长办公室最终批准了建新医院的计划。 obedience to sb.(sth.) (名词短语) 服从，遵从某人（某事）e.g.1)Hedemandedobediencefromhisinferiors.他要求下级服从他。2) Theslavesgave/showedpassiveobediencetotheirmaster.奴隶们不得不服从他们的主人。 3) Children are obedient to a strong father, but naughty with a domestic mother. 孩子们对于强壮的父亲很顺从，却在操持家务的母亲面前很调皮。3. These lessons carry over from the home to the classroom, where girls are generally observed to be more dependent on the teacher, more concerned with the form and neatness of their work than with its content, and more anxious about being right in their answers than in being intellectually independent, analytical, or original. (l. 28-30)句中“where or original”是非限定性定语从句，修饰前面句中的名词classroom。The phrase “carry over” means “to continue to exist or apply in a new situation”. Words and expressions:1. gender (n.) (tittle) the physical or social condition of being male or female 性别（强调社会性别）e.g.1) Sometimes gender difference swill result in some social problems. 有时候性别差异会导致一些社会问题 。2) Gender inequality should not be ignored in todays society. 性别不平等在当今社会是不容忽视的问题。同义词比较 sex (line 20, Para. 2) n. the condition of being either male or female; the set of all male or female people 性别, 男性或女性 （强调生理性别）e.g. 1) In the space marked “sex”, put an “M” for male or an “F” for female. 请在性别一栏填代表男性的字母”M”或代表女性的字母”F”。Related words:masculine (line 2, Para.1) adj. relating to or being considered typical of men, in contrast to women 有阳刚之气的，有男子特点的feminine (line 3, Para.1) adj. having qualities that are considered to be typical of women, especially by being gentle, delicate, and pretty阴柔的，妇女(似)的；娇柔的male (line 23, Para. 2) adj. 男性的；雄性的 n. 男人；雄性动物female (line 23, Para. 2) adj. 女性的；雌性的 n. 女子；雌性动物Exercise: 请用 masculine，feminine, male 或 female 填空。The girl is rather masculine in appearance.Today discrimination (歧视) against female job-seekers still exists. As we know, male animals are more aggressive under attack.Feminine education needs more social concern. 2. constitute (v.) (Line 2, Para. 1) 1) combine to form; make up构成e.g.1) 一般情况下，一年有365天。Generally, 365 days constitute one year. 2) Three Taiwan girls, Selina, Hebe and Ella, constitute popular girl band “S.H.E”. 三个台湾女孩儿，Selina, Hebe和Ella, 组成了流行女子演唱组“S.H.E”。 2) formally establish an organization, institution, government, etc. 设立，建立1) The US Federal Reserve Boardwas constituted in 1913. 美国联邦储备委员会成立于1913年。2) Chinese Consumers Association is an organization constituted to protect the legal rights of Chinese consumers.中国消费者协会成立的宗旨是保护中国消费者的权益。3)Governments should be constituted by the will of the people. 近义词辨析：comprise1. +n. to consist of (parts) 包含，包括e.g,The United Kingdom comprises England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland. a commission of inquiry comprising three eminent judges and three members of the public2. (of parts) to form 组成e.g.1) Fifteen separate publics comprised the Soviet Union. 2) The United Kingdom consists of / is composed of / comprises England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland. 3) England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland constitute/comprise the United Kingdom. 3. incorporate into (Line 5, Para 1)to unite (one thing) with something else already in existence 结合；合并；收编e.g.1) incorporate the letter into her diary 2) incorporate your suggestion into the new plan3) The small company is incorporated into Haier Group.incorporate with 合并e.g. 1) Mr. Smiths company is incorporated with other small companies. 4. aspiration n. (Line 8, Para 1)aspire v.to direct ones hopes and efforts to some important aim 追求，渴望；有志于 +to, after He aspired after a political career / to the leadership of the party; aspire after truth, aspire to fame +to-v. She aspires to become president.aspiring adj.an aspiring young actress5. bias (Line 13, Para.2)n. a prejudice or preference that interferes with a fair judgment偏见，成见e.g.1) They complained of bias in the way the newspaper reported the incident. 他们抱怨那份报纸报道那个事件的方式存在偏见。 2) 在评价那位员工的时候不可以存在偏见。That employee should be evaluated without any bias.相关词语 biased (line 21, Para. 2) adj. preferring one person, thing, or idea to another in a way that is unfair 偏袒一方的，有偏见的e.g.1) In the United States, almost all the news media are biased towards one political party or the other. 在美国，几乎所有的媒体在立场上都会偏向某一个政党。2) The judge was biased in favor of the third candidate who was his neighbors son. 那位评委支持三号候选人，他肯定是有偏见的。因为该候选人是他邻居的儿子。6. impact (Line 24, Para. 2)n. 1) (+on) an esp. strong or powerful influence or effect caused or produced by an idea, invention, event, etc. 影响, 效果(常与介词on连用)常用结构：have/make an impact on 对 产生影响e.g.1) 电脑和手机对现代生活的影响是巨大的。Computer and mobile phone have had/made a great impact on modern life.2) Yang Yangs gold medals in the 2002 Olympic Winter Games have a profound impact on the Chinese sports. 大杨扬在2002年冬奥会上获得的金牌对于中国体育的影响是深远的。2) the force of one object hitting another碰撞, 冲击e.g.1) The impact caused serious damage to the surface of the machine. 撞击给机器的表面造成了严重的损伤。 2) Titanics fatal impact (致命的) into the iceberg should have been avoided. 泰坦尼克号撞击冰山的致命事故本来是可以避免的。 7. subordination (n.) (Line 30, Para. 2)inferiority; an inferior or secondary status从属，次要地位e.g.1) We should learn from his subordination of his own wishes to the childrens welfare. 我们应该学习他总将自己的意愿服从于孩子们的幸福的做法。2) Male domination and female subordination, to some degree, still exist in many aspects of social lives. 从某种程度上说，男尊女卑仍旧存在于社会生活的很多方面。subordinate v.(1) v. (+to) （常与to连用）使居次要地位；隶属(2) adj. (+to) （常与to连用）次要的, 从属的, 下级的(3) n. 下属，下级前缀sub-用法小结：sub-表示“副；分支；下级” 例如：subworker副手, subeditor副编辑, subcommittee 小组委员会, subagent副代理人8. assign (Line 34, Para. 3) v. 1) give someone a particular job or make them responsible for a particular person or thing 分配，分派，指派（任务）e.g.1) 分派给她的工作是照顾无家可归的孩子。She has been assigned the job of looking after the homeless children. 2) After completing the task successfully, his brother was assigned another challenging job. 在成功地完成了那项任务之后，他的哥哥被分派了另外一项有挑战性的工作。assignment n. a duty or piece of work that is given to a particular person (分派的)任务, 指定的(课外)作业e.g.1) 你能告诉我今天的英语课后作业吗？Could you tell me todays English assignment? 2) 他的任务是跟踪那个陌生人。 His assignment was to follow that stranger.9. accordance (n.) (Line 35, Para. 3)常用搭配：in accordance with: in