英语延续动词与非延续动词.doc

将短暂性动词改为相应的延续性动词或短语和一段时间连用，其常用的方法有如下几种：a用相应的延续性动词替换的主要有：buyhave，borrow keep，come go becomebe，catch get a coldhave a cold，get to knowknow等。bbe名词：join the Party Leaguebe a Party League member， go to schoolbe a student，join the armybe a soldier等。cbe形容词副词：diebe dead，leavebe away（from），put onbe on，finish endbe over，begin startbe on，comebe here in，fall asleepbe asleep，go outbe out等。dbe介词短语：go to schoolbe in at school，join the army be in the army等。e去掉短语中的短暂性动词：get to knowknow，come to workwork，begin to studystudy等。1.reacharrive in / at be in / atcome to2. come out be outgo3. come be here4. leave be away / from5. join be a member of / be in the 6. die be dead7. catch a cold have a cold8. begin / start =be on 9. put on wear10. buy have11. borrow keep12. become be13. fall asleep be asleep14. fall ill be ill sick sick 15. open be open16. lose be lost17. get to know begin to know18. go to sleep/get to sleep=sleep19. get up be up20. close be closed21. finish / end be over22. move be out of23. break be broken24. marry be married25. go be away26. wake be awake27. get to know - know,28.wearput on come/go/arrive/get/reach/move-be in/at open-be open die-be dead close-be closed become-be borrow-keep begin/start-be on put on-wear leave-be away (from) buy-have fall asleep-be asleepend/finish-be over catch a cold-have a cold join the army-be in the army be a soldier join the Party-be in the Party be a Party member 英语动词根据词义可分为两种,一种是延续性的,一种是终止性的,终止性动词(也可称为非延续性动词,瞬间动词,或点动词),如begin,start,die,buy,leave, come等,表示动作的发生与结束于一瞬间完成,不能再延续,所以它的现在完成时不能和表示延续的时间状语连用,即不能与表示一段时间的状语,for+时间段, since+时间点/从句连用,也不能用在how long引导的特殊疑问句中. eg. Ive left Shanghai for three days.() Ive been away from Shanghai for three days.( ).I left Shanghai three days ago. ( ) It is /has been three days since I left Shanghai.( ) 常见终止性动词有:leave, go, come, arrive, begin, buy, borrow, die, join, become等.终止性动词要表示持续时, 可用以下方法: .将时间状语改为时间段 + ago,句中谓语动词用一般过去时. eg.我弟弟参军两年了. My brother joined the army two years ago. .若保留for+时间段,since+时间点/从句, 或用在 how long 句型中,则需将终止性动词改为相应的状态动词或延续性动词 My brother has been in the army for two years. My brother has been a soldier for two years 动词按其动作发生的方式，动作发生过程的长短，分为延续性动词和终止性动词。延续性动词表示的动词是一种延续的动作，这种动词可以延续下去或产生持久的影响。如：learn，work，stand，lie，know，walk，keep， have，wait，watch，sing，read，sleep，live等。终止性动词也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词，表示的动作不能延续，即动作发生立即结束，产生某种结果。在有了某种结果之后，就不能再继续下去。如：leave，start，set out，arrive，reach，get to，begin， stop，shut，turn off，marry，put，put on，get up，wake，fall，join，receive， finish，end，complete，become，come，go，die，close，open，break，give， jump，buy，borrow等。1终止性动词的用法1）终止性动词可用来表示某一动作的完成，因此可用于现在完成时。如：The plane has arrived飞机到了。I have finished my homework我已完成了作业。2）终止性动词表示的动作极其短暂，不能持续，所以其现在完成时（只限于肯定式）不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。如：他死了三年了。误：He has died for three years他来这儿三个月了。误：he has come here for three months两句中的动词die和come都为终止性动词，它们可用于完成时，但不能同表示一段时间的状语for three years months连用。那这两句如何译成英语呢？我们可采用下列方法：A用能够表示持续状态的相应的延续性动词替换句中的终止性动词。如：He has been dead for three yearsHe has been here for three monthsB把误句中表示一段时间的状语改为表示过去时间的状语，原动词的完成时改为过去时。如： He died three years agoHe came here three months agoC用“It is has been 一段时间since（一般过去时）”结构。如：It is has been three years since he diedIt is has been three months since he came hereD用“多长时间has passed since（一般过去时）”结构。如：Three years has passed since he diedThree months has passed since he came here3）终止性动词现在完成时的否定式，已成为一种可以延续的状态，因此可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。如：I havent heard from him for two weeks我已两个星期没收到他的信了。He hasnt left here since 1990自从1990年以来，他一直没有离开过这儿。4）终止性动词的否定式同until一起连用，构成“notuntil”结构，意为“直到才”，表示这个动作直到until所表达的时间到来时才发生。如：We wont go to visit the Great Wall until the rain stops直到雨停了我们才会去参观长城。When did you go to bed last night？昨晚你几点钟点上床睡觉的？I didnt go to bed until my father got home直到我爸爸到家我才上床睡觉。5）在while（表示“一段时间”）引导的从句中，不能用终止性动词，但when可以，因为when可表示“时间的点”，也可表示“一段时间”。如：误：While I got to the village，it was dark正：When I got to the village，it was dark6）终止性动词肯定式的完成时不能和how long连用。如：误：How long have you borrow the book？可改用延续性动词或与when连用的一般过去时。正：How long have you kept the book？正：When did you borrow the book？2延续性动词的用法1）延续性动词可以用于现在完成时，其完成时可以同一段时间状语连用。如：I have waited for him for nearly two hours我等他快两个小时了。2）终止性动词不能和表一段时间的状语连用。同样，延续性动词也不能和表示短暂时间的时间点连用。如：误：It rained at eight yesterday morningrain为延续性动词，而at eight是表示时间点的状语，显然矛盾。如果要用延续性动词表示一瞬间的行为，可以借助come，get， begin等终止性动词来表达。上句可改为：It began to rain