2008年初赛试卷9-12汤改1.doc

132008年“上外杯”上海市高三英语竞赛初赛卷I. Grammar and Vocabulary 20%Choose the answer that best completes each sentence.1. _ page of the dictionary is torn and _ cover looks very old. A. A; theB. The; theC. A; aD. The; a2. You can hold the pot in one hand and take off the lid with _.A. anotherB. the otherC. other oneD. the others3. Painting is _, but many people do so more than for _. A. pleasure; pleasureB. a pleasure; pleasure C. pleasure; a pleasureD. a pleasure; a pleasure4. He lives _ his income, that is, he spends more than he earns.A. onB. throughC. byD. beyond5. Of the two toys, the child chose _. A. the least expensive oneB. the less expensive one C. the one most expensiveD. the most expensive one6. If the earthquake had happened during the daytime, there _ fewer deaths.A. would have B. would have had C. would beD. would have been7. He had to be called two or three times _ he would come downstairs to his dinner.A. before B. when C. untilD. as8. One reason _ he told me for his being late is _ he didnt catch the early bus.A. that; why B. why; became C. that; that D. why; that9. With no exception _ . A. are the students forbidden to shop outside the campus B. the students will be forbidden to shop outside the campus C. the students are forbidden to shop outside the campus D. will be the students forbidden to shop outside the campus10. _ inside the tyre, _ on the inside of the tyre. A. The more the air; and the harder it pushes B. The more air there is; the harder it pushes C. If there is more air; it pushes harder D. The more air is there; the harder does it push11. As it turned out to be a small party, we _ so formally.A. mustnt have dressed up B. didnt need to dress up C. neednt dress up D. neednt have dressed up12. Hows your new job, Bob? I cant quite remember _ you started it. I started it half a year ago. Its interesting.A. when it was that B. when was it that C. that when D. it was when13. The version _ to be closest to the authors original now belongs to a national museum in Paris.A. was thought B. thought C. thinkingD. having thought14. The workers were sure that the factory would make some profit, _ properly.A. if managed B. while managed C. as managing D. when managing15. He _ to lend her a hand as the suitcase was too heavy for her to carry.A. helped B. preferredC. askedD. offered16. This publishing firm is planning a new _ of school textbooks.A. volume B. series C. numberD. range17. Your nose can _ 50, 000 different smells. But thats nothing compared to your eyes, which can distinguish 1, 000, 000 colors.A. catch B. attractC. departD. recognize18. Dont expect a(n) _ success because Rome was not built in a day.A. fast B. immediateC. constantD. rapid19. Constant exposure to loud noise can cause _ damage to hearing.A. reluctant B. accessibleC. permanentD. responsible20. Whether things sink or float depends on their weight _ their size.A. in contrast withB. on the basis of C. for the sake of D. in relation toII. Cloze 20%For each numbered blank in the following passages, there are four choices. Choose the best one. (A)The native people of North and South America were given the name “Indians” by the explorer Christopher Columbus. He thought he had reached a place called the Indies. _21_, the terms American Indian and Indian became widely used. About two million native Americans live in the United States today. Some Indians live on government land called reservations, or on tribal lands. Others live in cities.Traditional culture _22_ in areas where large numbers of Indians live. But many native Americans _23_ that their cultural traditions will be lost as young people leave these areas for economic reasons.The economic situation of American Indians as a group is not good. About fifty percent of those who live on reservations have no jobs. Most Indians hold _24_ unskilled jobs. Indians have many _25_ problems and do not live as long as other Americans. But the situation is improving as more Indians are becoming _26_. Today, most native Americans graduate from high school. At least nine percent of all Indians twenty-five years old or older have finished college.The economic situation also has improved as native American tribes create _27_ on their lands. One example is the Pequot tribe of the northeast. The tribe owns and operates a hotel, gambling casino, and a museum of its culture and history. Today, American Indians are trying to control their land without interference from the _28_. This includes _29_ over hunting and fishing rights, and mining operations. They are trying to protect their land from pollution. And they are taking legal action to regain lost lands or to receive payment for them. American Indians are trying to change their economic situation, improve their lives and _30_ their culture.21. A. In time B. On timeC. At timesD. For a time 22.A. turns impersonal B. gets nobleC. remains strongD. becomes faint 23. A. suspect B. wishC. believeD. worry24. A. low-paid B. low-payingC. lowly-paidD. low-pay25. A. economicB. healthC. educationD. culture26. A. richB. objectiveC. educatedD. strong27. A. rightsB. historyC. civilization D. business28.A. native AmericansB. tribesC. governmentD. city29. A. control B. conductC. conquerD. command30. A. develop B. honorC. popularize D. extend (B)There are a number of environmental features that can be found only in Bermuda Triangle. Because of these characteristics, the triangle is one of the most dangerous areas in the Atlantic Ocean.The weather in the triangle is unexpectedly changeable and extremely dangerous; its sudden changes often _31_ the lives of sailors. The triangle is well known for _32_ storms, hurricanes that are out of season, and other unnatural _33_. Many people feel that this unnatural weather can explain most of the strange happenings which have occurred there. Because of the many violent storms, the triangle is often _34_.Many ships leave land and disappear completely; the USS Cyclops, for example, _35_ in 1918.Some ships carried goods such as coal, oil, mahogany, and military supplies, while other ships carried only passengers._36_ might explain the disappearance of old ships, but investigators must look for other explanations when a _37_ ship disappears.When a ship is reported missing, searchers rush to the area to look for evidence which might explain the disappearance.One author tries to explain the disappearances of the ships by regarding them as caused by natural events or human error.Another author believes that intelligences from another world are _38_ the disappearances. He says that these extraterrestrial beings have a zoo where they _39_ all the missing seamen.Many people agree that natural causes cannot explain the strange events in the triangle. “It just isnt _40_ for a ship to completely disappear like this. Its strange, no matter how you try to explain it,” declared the seamen.“These eerie events make me afraid to sail out of sight of land.”31. A. offendB. endangerC. stir D. scratch32. A. undirectedB. unguardedC. unexpectedD. undocumented 33. A. activities B. accidentsC. behaviorsD. events 34. A. inaccessible B. impassableC. intolerableD. impenetrable35. A. lost B. sankC. riddedD. missed36.A. Engine observers B. Engine fumes C. Engine operatorsD. Engine failures37. A. super B. newC. singleD. faulty38. A. results of C. causes withB. relations toD. reasons for39. A. feed B. supportC. keepD. raise40. A. common B. naturalC. usualD. normalIII. Reading Comprehension 60%Read the following passages and choose the best answer. (A)Shakespeare said “A rose by any other name would smell as sweet.” When he wrote that, he was obviously a young guy. Our sense of smell changes as we get older. If youre over 40, you dont smell the way you used to. Were not talking about your body odor; were discussing your nose, those little oblong cells in your nasal passages that pick up smells and convert them to electrical impulses that scream “pizza!” to your brain they just dont work as they did before.The decline tends to be gradual so many people arent aware of it. So people become less able to detect very weak odors. They rate stronger odors as being less intense than younger people would.It may be a consequence of ageing. It may also be a consequence of some factors that accompany ageing, such as poor health or increased use of medication.When older people were exposed to a strong odor, they got used to it faster. It very quickly got to the point where they could not detect it. Thats called adaptation. Its why many older people dont smell certain things.For example, the warning odor in cooking gas wont be as noticeable to older people as younger people. So older people would be less likely to notice gas leaks.And then theres cross-adaptation, where certain smells, like that of vanilla, could actually make people less sensitive to the smell of roses. In younger people, that never happens; but it may happen in roughly 20 percent of the elderly. Food is the most obvious area in which declining sensitivity to smell among the elderly impacts real life.There isnt much of a decline in sensitivity to chemical irritants. People can use black pepper, chili pepper, cinnamon, carbonated beveragesall of these will provide some sort of tingle（麻刺感） or burn that people can still detect, even if they have a poor sense of smell.41. Shakespeare was a young guy when he wrote the poem, because _. A. Roses were sweet, and were smelled the same as he used to. B. Roses could not make him less sensitive to the smell of vanilla. C. Roses had weak odors, but he could still detect them. D. Roses had strong odors, and he got adapted to them easily.42. Which of the following is true according to the passage? A. An old man with a poor sense of smell could still detect chili pepper.B. Roughly 20 percent of young people experience cross-adaptation.C. Older people are less likely to get familiar with strong odors.D. When you reach 40, your sense of smell begin to decline.(B)Simply stated, computational linguistics is no more than the use of electronic and digital computers in linguistic research. These machines are employed to scan texts and to produce, more rapidly and more reliably than is possible without their aid, such valuable tools for linguistic and stylistic research as word lists, frequency counts, and concordances（主要词语索引）. But more interesting and much more difficult than the collection and arrangement of lists, is the use of computers for automatic grammatical analysis and translation. A great amount of progress was made in the area of machine translation in the United States, Great Britain, the Soviet Union, and France between the mid-1950s and the mid-1960s, but much of the original stimulating force for this work has now disappeared, due in part to the realization that the problems involved are extremely more complex than was at first expected. Thus, translation continued to remain as much as art as a science, if not more so.43. The passage tells us that: _A. Computational linguistics is regarded as an art rather than a science.B. Computers can be employed to make word lists more rapidly and reliably.C. Machine translation continues to remain popular in many countries.D. Between 1950 and 1960 significant progress was made in translations by computers.(C)The OU is in the top 15% of all UK universities for teaching quality.25% of all British MBAs come from the OU.Over 30, 000 employers have offered chances to their staff on OU courses.40, 000 OU students are online from home.There are 9-month courses and new diplomas as well as degrees. * AMBA AccreditedWe can offer you a place at one of the best universities in Britain. Well provide you with a choice of 150 first class courses developed especially to enable you to study in your own time, backed by the Open Universitys own special study methodOU supported open learning. Well give you the support of a personal teacher, and the chance to meet your fellow students. You can take one-off courses, diplomas, a degree or a postgraduate degree. Subjects available include: Computing, Business Management, Technology, Modern Languages, Social Sciences, English Law, Arts, Science, Mathematics, Education and Health & Social Welfare. Whether you want to study to improve your jobs or for your own personal interest, theres almost certainly a course for you. If you havent studied for a while, well help you get started. No previous training or degrees are required, you just need a lively power of learning and a willingness to learn. Its real value for money and you can pay by monthly payments.Open University course materials are of the highest quality and come in a variety of forms, including video and audio tapes as well as texts. The OU leads the world in its use of new technology for learning. A number of courses provide source material on CD-ROM. What else can the Open University offer you? The best way to find out is to use the coupon below or phone us today.Send for your free instruction nowSend to: The Open University, PO Box 625, Milton Keynes Mk7 6AA U99 LX Please send me a copy of the Courses, Diplomas and BA/BSc Degrees instructions Please send me a copy of the postgraduate instructions Tick here if you have contacted the OU in the past Title _ Initials _ Surname _Address _ postcode _Tel. _ Date of birth _ OU Hotline (24 hours) 0870 9000 301 Website: www. open.ac.uk/advert44. This is an advertisement of _.A. providing postgraduate instructionsB. introducing the facilities of OU C. selling online course materials D. attracting students of different kinds45. As a student of the Open University, you dont need to _.A. buy course materialsB. worry about teaching quality C. be a lively learnersD. pay money for your diplomas46. The Open University can supply you with _.A. a course for training your EnglishB. a classroom and a library for study C. different kinds of free instructions D. different jobs to choose from47. We can learn from the text that _. A. employees can benefit from OU courses B. money for learning must be paid off at one time C. we cant telephone the university during the night D. OU courses are not popular in Britain(D)Joanna Schmidt pushes a canoe into a small slough in northern Minnesota. She paddles toward a floating rectangle of plastic pipe. The simple device is a turtle trap. Its about four feet long with net in the bottom and a board attached to the side. “We put a plank on the side and they crawl up to sun themselves and they just fall in. Its pretty simple. No mechanics to it. They do all the work for us.”Joanna Schmidt is a student at Minnesota State University Moorhead. Shes part of a long-term turtle research project. Researchers want to learn more about turtle habitat, and why theres been a recent decline in turtle populations. This slough is about a quarter mile across. It lies in a hollow surrounded by farm fields. Chest high grass and reeds line the waters edge. Along one end, dead, sun-bleached trees stick out of the water. Its perfect turtle habitat. “Its warm, a lot of food for them, not very many predators, so they like it, especially having the dead trees with a place to hang out and sun themselves. So this is very typical.”There are several turtles in the trap. Most have been caught before. Theyre identified by small notches in their shells. Schmidt weighs and measures each turtle before gently setting them back in the water. Minnesota State University Moorhead Biology professor Donna Stockrahm is directing this research project. She says it takes years of research to get meaningful data about turtles. They grow very slowly and they live a long time. Stockrahm is hoping to learn about rates of turtle mortality, growth rates, and the optimum（最适宜的）habitat for turtles. Shes seen a puzzling decline in turtle numbers. Stockrahm says she doesnt have an explanation for the decline.Most Great Lakes states now ban or restrict turtle trapping. Stockrahm says Minnesota decided to phase out commercial harvest. He says about a dozen people make a living trapping turtles. Theyll be allowed to continue. 48. The floating rectangle of plastic pipe is a trap to catch the turtles and_.A. identify themB. harvest them C. research them D. measure them49. According to Joanna Schmidt, a typical good turtle habitat is _. A. abundant in water, sunlight, food and dead trees B. a large slough lined with chest high grass and reeds C. a warm, wet, safe place with food and tree branches D. a farm with much fertile soil and without predators50. Why does the number of turtles decline puzzlingly? A. Commercial harvest is not restricted. B. Their habitat is seriously damaged. C. Their living environment is polluted. D. Researchers havent